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寻找 II 型神经纤维瘤病的靶点和治疗方法
作者:Reto Baumann and Philip Zimmermann@GENEVESTIGATOR
说明:II 型神经纤维瘤病(Neurofibromatosis type II,NF2)是一种罕见的遗传性疾病,
常见的症状是听觉丧失和去平衡,这两者都强烈地影响患者的生活质量。目前可找到的
功能研究并不多。在 Torres-Martin 等人进行的研究中(Torres-Martin 等,2012)提
供了神经鞘瘤的基因表达谱数据,而且上传到了 GEO 数据库中,被 GENEVESTIGATOR
软件所收录。
在这项研究中,使用 GENEVESTIGATOR,比较这种疾病中与其他癌症类型,并鉴定在
该疾病中特异性调节的基因。虽然在分析时,只有极少的关于 NF2 的转录组研究发表,
但通过分析可以发现,在转录水平上,NF2 最类似于 ERBB2 阳性乳腺癌。确定了几个
候选靶标,开辟治疗干预的新途径。
方法:
结果:
发现一:找到与前庭神经鞘瘤基因表达标签最相似的的肿瘤
输入 Torres-Martin 等,2012 文章中的差异表达结果(横轴),得到与输入基因表达
趋势相同的实验条件(纵轴).在 SIGNATURE 工具筛选的数千个条件中,ERBB +型乳
腺癌是最相似的,排名最靠前。
寻找NF2癌症下特异表达基因
点击GENE SEARCH toolset 中的Cancers tool 按钮
ERBB2阳性乳腺癌排名最靠前
选择谱相似,定义检索的Condition个数
"most similar",限制为50个与自己的实验结果类似/相反的实验条件
在软件中输入NF2的signature(差异表达基因)
Torres-Martin et al., 2012
开启分析
点击SIMILARITY SEARCH toolset 中的Signature tool按钮
收集样本
49,191 samples profiled on the Affymetrix Human 133 Plus 2 platform
这与先前研究调查前庭神经鞘瘤中的细胞信号传导一致。因为,这两种肿瘤都与
Her/ErbB 受体酪氨酸激酶(RTK)受体家族有关,其中 ERBB +型乳腺癌的受体信号分
子是生长因子 EGF,而前庭神经鞘瘤的受体信号分子是 NRG1(Curto et al., 2007;
Lallemand et al., 2009)。
事实上,批准用于乳腺癌临床治疗的特异性药物(Bevacizumab ,Sunitinib,Lapatinib
等)在目前的临床研究中也用在 NF II 中(ClinicalTrials.gov:NCT01767792,
NCT00589784,NCT00863122,NCT00973739 等),支持我们的发现。
发现二:寻找 NF2 癌症特异表达基因
在 Genevestigator 中,我们可以进一步寻找在 NF2 中高度表达但在所有其他类型的癌
症或组织中弱表达或非表达的基因。跨越 1012 种类型的肿瘤和正常组织,选择
“cellular Schwannoma”作为目标。
鉴定的前十个探针组代表基因 GFRA3,SCN7A,CDH19,NRXN1,ALB,RELN 和
SORCS1,其中 GFRA3 是排名最靠前,也就是 GFRA3 对于神经鞘瘤是高度特异的。
缺点:由于该结果来自单个样品,因此需要在其他独立的 NF2 实验中进行验证。
由 GFRA3 基因编码的蛋白质,是 GPI 连接的细胞表面受体,也是 GDNF 受体家族
的成员。该蛋白与 RET 酪氨酸激酶受体形成信号复合物。GFRA3 作为 artemin 诱
导的 RET 受体酪氨酸激酶自磷酸化的介质,该激酶在 NF2 中是过度激活的,并且
可以在疾病的进展中起作用。
如果在其他 NF2 样品中证实 GFRA3 的极高表达,则我们可以得出结论,GFRA3
以及 RET 受体酪氨酸激酶都可以是 NF2 的有价值的药物靶标。
此外,如果对于这两种蛋白质已经存在特异性抑制剂,它们可能是 NF2 治疗的有价
值的候选。
讨论:
虽然 II 型神经纤维瘤病(Neurofibromatosis type II,NF2)的转录组数据不多,但是
通过分析,寻找到了与 NF2 癌症具有相似基因表达分子标签的病理状况,揭示了与
乳腺癌,特别是与 ERBB2 阳性癌症的密切关系。这一发现得到了最近的临床试验重
新定位乳腺癌药物对 NF2 治疗的证实(发现一)。
寻找在 NF2 中特异性表达的基因。 确定了一种非常有趣的细胞表面蛋白编码基因
GFRA3,为药物开发和疾病治疗开辟了新的可能(发现二)。
延申阅读:
Beguelin, W., Diaz Flaque, M.C., Proietti, C.J., Cayrol, F., Rivas, M.A., Tkach, M., Rosemblit, C., Tocci, J.M., Charreau, E.H., Schillaci, R., et al.
(2010) Progesterone receptor induces ErbB-2 nuclear translocation to promote breast cancer growth via a novel transcriptional effect:
ErbB-2 function as a coactivator of Stat3 Molecular and cellular biology 30, 5456-5472.
Curto, M., Cole, B.K., Lallemand, D., Liu, C.H., and McClatchey, A.I. (2007) Contact-dependent inhibition of EGFR signaling by
Nf2/Merlin. The Journal of cell biology 177, 893-903.
den Bakker, M.A., Vissers, K.J., Molijn, A.C., Kros, J.M., Zwarthoff, E.C., and van der Kwast, T.H. (1999) Expression of the neurofibromatosis
type 2 gene in human tissues. J Histochem Cytochem 47, 1471-1480.
Evans, D.G. (2009) Neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2): a clinical and molecular review. Orphanet journal of rare diseases 4, 16.
Evans, D.G., Sainio, M., and Baser, M.E. (2000) Neurofibromatosis type 2. Journal of medical genetics 37, 897-904.
Hansen, M.R., Roehm, P.C., Chatterjee, P., and Green, S.H. (2006) Constitutive neuregulin-1/ErbB signaling contributes to human
vestibular schwannoma proliferation. Glia 53, 593-600.
Hartman, Z.C., Yang, X.Y., Glass, O., Lei, G., Osada, T., Dave, S.S., Morse, M.A., Clay, T.M., and Lyerly, H.K. (2011) Title HER2 overexpression
elicits a proinflammatory IL-6 autocrine signaling loop that is critical for tumorigenesis.
Lallemand, D., Manent, J., Couvelard, A., Watilliaux, A., Siena, M., Chareyre, F., Lampin, A., Niwa-Kawakita, M., Kalamarides, M., and Giovannini,
M. (2009) Merlin regulates transmembrane receptor accumulation and signaling at the plasma membrane in primary mouse Schwann
cells and in human schwannomas. Oncogene 28, 854-865.
Li, W., Cooper, J., Karajannis, M.A., and Giancotti, F.G. (2012) Merlin: a tumour suppressor with functions at the cell cortex and in the
nucleus. EMBO reports 13, 204-215.
Mautner, V.F., Nguyen, R., Kutta, H., Fuensterer, C., Bokemeyer, C., Hagel, C., Friedrich, R.E., and Panse, J. (2010) Bevacizumab induces
regression of vestibular schwannomas in patients with neurofibromatosis type 2. Neuro-oncology 12, 14-18.
McClatchey, A.I., and Giovannini, M. (2005) Membrane organization and tumorigenesis--the NF2 tumor suppressor, Merlin. Genes &
development 19, 2265-2277.
Morrow, K.A., Das, S., Metge, B.J., Ye, K., Mulekar, M.S., Tucker, J.A., Samant, R.S., and Shevde, L.A. (2011) Loss of tumor suppressor
Merlin in advanced breast cancer is due to post-translational regulation. The Journal of biological chemistry 286, 40376-40385.
Regis, J., Carron, R., Moucharrafien, S., Delsantin, C., Porcheron, D., Thomassin, J.M., Murracciole, X., and Roche, P.H. (2012) Role of
radiosurgery and stereotactic radiotherapy in the management of vestibular schwannomas Cancer Radiother 16 Suppl, S70-78.
Stonecypher, M.S., Chaudhury, A.R., Byer, S.J., and Carroll, S.L. (2006) Neuregulin growth factors and their ErbB receptors form a potential
signaling network for schwannoma tumorigenesis. Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology 65, 162-175.

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寻找纤维瘤的靶点和治疗方法-Genevestigator

  • 1. 寻找 II 型神经纤维瘤病的靶点和治疗方法 作者:Reto Baumann and Philip Zimmermann@GENEVESTIGATOR 说明:II 型神经纤维瘤病(Neurofibromatosis type II,NF2)是一种罕见的遗传性疾病, 常见的症状是听觉丧失和去平衡,这两者都强烈地影响患者的生活质量。目前可找到的 功能研究并不多。在 Torres-Martin 等人进行的研究中(Torres-Martin 等,2012)提 供了神经鞘瘤的基因表达谱数据,而且上传到了 GEO 数据库中,被 GENEVESTIGATOR 软件所收录。 在这项研究中,使用 GENEVESTIGATOR,比较这种疾病中与其他癌症类型,并鉴定在 该疾病中特异性调节的基因。虽然在分析时,只有极少的关于 NF2 的转录组研究发表, 但通过分析可以发现,在转录水平上,NF2 最类似于 ERBB2 阳性乳腺癌。确定了几个 候选靶标,开辟治疗干预的新途径。 方法:
  • 2. 结果: 发现一:找到与前庭神经鞘瘤基因表达标签最相似的的肿瘤 输入 Torres-Martin 等,2012 文章中的差异表达结果(横轴),得到与输入基因表达 趋势相同的实验条件(纵轴).在 SIGNATURE 工具筛选的数千个条件中,ERBB +型乳 腺癌是最相似的,排名最靠前。 寻找NF2癌症下特异表达基因 点击GENE SEARCH toolset 中的Cancers tool 按钮 ERBB2阳性乳腺癌排名最靠前 选择谱相似,定义检索的Condition个数 "most similar",限制为50个与自己的实验结果类似/相反的实验条件 在软件中输入NF2的signature(差异表达基因) Torres-Martin et al., 2012 开启分析 点击SIMILARITY SEARCH toolset 中的Signature tool按钮 收集样本 49,191 samples profiled on the Affymetrix Human 133 Plus 2 platform
  • 3. 这与先前研究调查前庭神经鞘瘤中的细胞信号传导一致。因为,这两种肿瘤都与 Her/ErbB 受体酪氨酸激酶(RTK)受体家族有关,其中 ERBB +型乳腺癌的受体信号分 子是生长因子 EGF,而前庭神经鞘瘤的受体信号分子是 NRG1(Curto et al., 2007; Lallemand et al., 2009)。 事实上,批准用于乳腺癌临床治疗的特异性药物(Bevacizumab ,Sunitinib,Lapatinib 等)在目前的临床研究中也用在 NF II 中(ClinicalTrials.gov:NCT01767792, NCT00589784,NCT00863122,NCT00973739 等),支持我们的发现。 发现二:寻找 NF2 癌症特异表达基因
  • 4. 在 Genevestigator 中,我们可以进一步寻找在 NF2 中高度表达但在所有其他类型的癌 症或组织中弱表达或非表达的基因。跨越 1012 种类型的肿瘤和正常组织,选择 “cellular Schwannoma”作为目标。 鉴定的前十个探针组代表基因 GFRA3,SCN7A,CDH19,NRXN1,ALB,RELN 和 SORCS1,其中 GFRA3 是排名最靠前,也就是 GFRA3 对于神经鞘瘤是高度特异的。 缺点:由于该结果来自单个样品,因此需要在其他独立的 NF2 实验中进行验证。 由 GFRA3 基因编码的蛋白质,是 GPI 连接的细胞表面受体,也是 GDNF 受体家族 的成员。该蛋白与 RET 酪氨酸激酶受体形成信号复合物。GFRA3 作为 artemin 诱 导的 RET 受体酪氨酸激酶自磷酸化的介质,该激酶在 NF2 中是过度激活的,并且 可以在疾病的进展中起作用。 如果在其他 NF2 样品中证实 GFRA3 的极高表达,则我们可以得出结论,GFRA3 以及 RET 受体酪氨酸激酶都可以是 NF2 的有价值的药物靶标。
  • 5. 此外,如果对于这两种蛋白质已经存在特异性抑制剂,它们可能是 NF2 治疗的有价 值的候选。 讨论: 虽然 II 型神经纤维瘤病(Neurofibromatosis type II,NF2)的转录组数据不多,但是 通过分析,寻找到了与 NF2 癌症具有相似基因表达分子标签的病理状况,揭示了与 乳腺癌,特别是与 ERBB2 阳性癌症的密切关系。这一发现得到了最近的临床试验重 新定位乳腺癌药物对 NF2 治疗的证实(发现一)。 寻找在 NF2 中特异性表达的基因。 确定了一种非常有趣的细胞表面蛋白编码基因 GFRA3,为药物开发和疾病治疗开辟了新的可能(发现二)。 延申阅读: Beguelin, W., Diaz Flaque, M.C., Proietti, C.J., Cayrol, F., Rivas, M.A., Tkach, M., Rosemblit, C., Tocci, J.M., Charreau, E.H., Schillaci, R., et al. (2010) Progesterone receptor induces ErbB-2 nuclear translocation to promote breast cancer growth via a novel transcriptional effect: ErbB-2 function as a coactivator of Stat3 Molecular and cellular biology 30, 5456-5472. Curto, M., Cole, B.K., Lallemand, D., Liu, C.H., and McClatchey, A.I. (2007) Contact-dependent inhibition of EGFR signaling by Nf2/Merlin. The Journal of cell biology 177, 893-903. den Bakker, M.A., Vissers, K.J., Molijn, A.C., Kros, J.M., Zwarthoff, E.C., and van der Kwast, T.H. (1999) Expression of the neurofibromatosis type 2 gene in human tissues. J Histochem Cytochem 47, 1471-1480. Evans, D.G. (2009) Neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2): a clinical and molecular review. Orphanet journal of rare diseases 4, 16.
  • 6. Evans, D.G., Sainio, M., and Baser, M.E. (2000) Neurofibromatosis type 2. Journal of medical genetics 37, 897-904. Hansen, M.R., Roehm, P.C., Chatterjee, P., and Green, S.H. (2006) Constitutive neuregulin-1/ErbB signaling contributes to human vestibular schwannoma proliferation. Glia 53, 593-600. Hartman, Z.C., Yang, X.Y., Glass, O., Lei, G., Osada, T., Dave, S.S., Morse, M.A., Clay, T.M., and Lyerly, H.K. (2011) Title HER2 overexpression elicits a proinflammatory IL-6 autocrine signaling loop that is critical for tumorigenesis. Lallemand, D., Manent, J., Couvelard, A., Watilliaux, A., Siena, M., Chareyre, F., Lampin, A., Niwa-Kawakita, M., Kalamarides, M., and Giovannini, M. (2009) Merlin regulates transmembrane receptor accumulation and signaling at the plasma membrane in primary mouse Schwann cells and in human schwannomas. Oncogene 28, 854-865. Li, W., Cooper, J., Karajannis, M.A., and Giancotti, F.G. (2012) Merlin: a tumour suppressor with functions at the cell cortex and in the nucleus. EMBO reports 13, 204-215. Mautner, V.F., Nguyen, R., Kutta, H., Fuensterer, C., Bokemeyer, C., Hagel, C., Friedrich, R.E., and Panse, J. (2010) Bevacizumab induces regression of vestibular schwannomas in patients with neurofibromatosis type 2. Neuro-oncology 12, 14-18. McClatchey, A.I., and Giovannini, M. (2005) Membrane organization and tumorigenesis--the NF2 tumor suppressor, Merlin. Genes & development 19, 2265-2277. Morrow, K.A., Das, S., Metge, B.J., Ye, K., Mulekar, M.S., Tucker, J.A., Samant, R.S., and Shevde, L.A. (2011) Loss of tumor suppressor Merlin in advanced breast cancer is due to post-translational regulation. The Journal of biological chemistry 286, 40376-40385. Regis, J., Carron, R., Moucharrafien, S., Delsantin, C., Porcheron, D., Thomassin, J.M., Murracciole, X., and Roche, P.H. (2012) Role of radiosurgery and stereotactic radiotherapy in the management of vestibular schwannomas Cancer Radiother 16 Suppl, S70-78.
  • 7. Stonecypher, M.S., Chaudhury, A.R., Byer, S.J., and Carroll, S.L. (2006) Neuregulin growth factors and their ErbB receptors form a potential signaling network for schwannoma tumorigenesis. Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology 65, 162-175.