Focus on PHARMACOLOGY ESSENTIALS FOR HEALTH PROFESSIONALS CHAPTER Drugs Used to Treat Endocrine Conditions 25 Focus on Pharmacology: Essentials for Health Professionals, Second Edition Jahangir Moini Multimedia Directory Slide 5 Endocrine System Animation Slide 35 Diabetes Video Slide 40 Insulin Video * Focus on Pharmacology: Essentials for Health Professionals, Second Edition Jahangir Moini Endocrine SystemSecretes hormones that control body by maintaining internal environment (homeostasis) * Focus on Pharmacology: Essentials for Health Professionals, Second Edition Jahangir Moini Endocrine SystemSome examples of hormones: Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) Gonadotropin-release hormone (GnRH) Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) Anterior pituitary hormones * Focus on Pharmacology: Essentials for Health Professionals, Second Edition Jahangir Moini Endocrine System Animation Click on the screenshot to view an animation showing the endocrine system. The animation may take a moment before playing. Back to Directory * Focus on Pharmacology: Essentials for Health Professionals, Second Edition Jahangir Moini Figure 25-1 Primary glands of the endocrine system. * Focus on Pharmacology: Essentials for Health Professionals, Second Edition Jahangir Moini Table 25-1 Endocrine Glands and Their functions * Focus on Pharmacology: Essentials for Health Professionals, Second Edition Jahangir Moini Table 25-1 (continue) Endocrine Glands and Their functions * Focus on Pharmacology: Essentials for Health Professionals, Second Edition Jahangir Moini Figure 25-2 Pituitary hormones and their target cells, tissues, and organs. * Focus on Pharmacology: Essentials for Health Professionals, Second Edition Jahangir Moini Growth HormoneGH (somatotropin)Causes increase in weight and length of bodyIrregularities: gigantism or acromegaly * Focus on Pharmacology: Essentials for Health Professionals, Second Edition Jahangir Moini Thyroid-Stimulating HormoneTSHControls secretion of thyroid hormoneImportant for growth and function of thyroid glandStimulates uptake of iodine and increases synthesis and release of thyroid hormonesAbnormalities: hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism (Graves’ disease) * Focus on Pharmacology: Essentials for Health Professionals, Second Edition Jahangir Moini Adrenocorticotropic HormoneACTHReleased by anterior lobe of pituitary glandStimulates growth of adrenal gland cortex and secretion of corticosteroidsHypersecretion: Cushing’s syndrome * Focus on Pharmacology: Essentials for Health Professionals, Second Edition Jahangir Moini Gonadotropic HormonesFollicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)Luteinizing hormone (LH)Produced by pituitary glandAffect gonadal tissue in men and women In men: spermatogenesis In women: gametogenesis and follicular development * Focus on Pharmacology: Essentials for Health Professionals, Second Edition Jaha ...

1. Focus on
PHARMACOLOGY
ESSENTIALS FOR HEALTH PROFESSIONALS
CHAPTER
Drugs Used to Treat Endocrine Conditions
25
Focus on Pharmacology: Essentials for Health Professionals,
Second Edition
Jahangir Moini
Multimedia Directory
Slide 5 Endocrine System Animation
Slide 35 Diabetes Video
Slide 40 Insulin Video
*
Focus on Pharmacology: Essentials for Health Professionals,
Second Edition
Jahangir Moini
Endocrine SystemSecretes hormones that control body by
maintaining internal environment (homeostasis)

2. *
Focus on Pharmacology: Essentials for Health Professionals,
Second Edition
Jahangir Moini
Endocrine SystemSome examples of hormones:
Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)
Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH)
Gonadotropin-release hormone (GnRH)
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)
Anterior pituitary hormones
*
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Jahangir Moini
Endocrine System Animation
Click on the screenshot to view an animation showing the
endocrine system. The animation may take a moment before
playing.
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*
Focus on Pharmacology: Essentials for Health Professionals,

3. Second Edition
Jahangir Moini
Figure 25-1 Primary glands of the endocrine system.
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Table 25-1 Endocrine Glands and Their functions
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Table 25-1 (continue) Endocrine Glands and Their functions
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4. Jahangir Moini
Figure 25-2 Pituitary hormones and their target cells, tissues,
and organs.
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Growth HormoneGH (somatotropin)Causes increase in weight
and length of bodyIrregularities: gigantism or acromegaly
*
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Thyroid-Stimulating HormoneTSHControls secretion of thyroid
hormoneImportant for growth and function of thyroid
glandStimulates uptake of iodine and increases synthesis and
release of thyroid hormonesAbnormalities: hypothyroidism or
hyperthyroidism (Graves’ disease)
*

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Adrenocorticotropic HormoneACTHReleased by anterior lobe of
pituitary glandStimulates growth of adrenal gland cortex and
secretion of corticosteroidsHypersecretion: Cushing’s syndrome
*
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Gonadotropic HormonesFollicle-stimulating hormone
(FSH)Luteinizing hormone (LH)Produced by pituitary
glandAffect gonadal tissue in men and women
In men: spermatogenesis
In women: gametogenesis and follicular development
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ProlactinPWith estrogens, progesterone, hydrocortisone, and
insulin, stimulates breast developmentStimulates milk secretion

6. by mammary glandsIncreases testicular steroidogenesis and
development of male accessory sex organs
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VasopressinAntidiuretic hormone (ADH)Stimulates water
reabsorption from nephronsLack of ADH causes diabetes
insipidus
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OxytocinStimulates contraction of smooth muscle in the:
Uterus
Alveoli of lactating breast
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7. Jahangir Moini
Table 25-2 Relationships Among Hypothalamic, Anterior
Pituitary, and Target Organ Hormones
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Thyroid HormonesThyroxine (T4)Triiodothyronine
(T3)Calcitonin: calcium homeostasis
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Myxedema ComaAssociated with severe hypothyroidismMedical
emergency manifested by diminished level of
consciousnessSymptoms: hypothermia, hypoventilation,
hypotension, hypoglycemia
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Congenital HypothyroidismCongenital hypothyroidism is
absence of thyroid tissue during fetal development.Absence of
thyroid occurs more often in female infants.
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Congenital HypothyroidismThyroid hormone is essential for
embryonic growth, particularly of brain tissue; infant will be
mentally retarded if no thyroxine is available during fetal life.
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Table 25-3 Common Thyroid and Antithyroid Agents

9. *
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Potassium IodideUses: hyperthyroidism; with other drugs for
thyrotoxic crisisAdverse effects: possible irregular heartbeat,
mental confusion, pulmonary edemaContraindications:
hypothyroidism, hyperkalemia, acute bronchitis
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Potassium IodidePatient information: iodine is present in
shellfish, iodized salt and some OTC cough preparations
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MethimazoleUses: hyperthyroidismAdverse effects:
hypothyroidism, pancytopenia, aplastic anemia, arthralgia,

10. peripheral neuropathyContraindications: pregnancy and
lactationPatient Information: take before breakfast
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PropylthiouracilUses: hyperthyroidism, iodine-induced
thyrotoxicosisAdverse effects: agranulocytosis, hypothyroidism,
bradycardiaContraindications: last trimester of pregnancy and
during lactation
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PropylthiouracilPatient information: instruct patients to report
agranulocytosis symptoms, avoid foods that inhibit thyroid
secretion, and take early in day
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LevothyroxineUses: hypothyroidismAdverse effects:
hyperthyroidism (high levels), chest pain, rapid or irregular
heartbeatContraindications: allergies to povidone-iodine or
tartrazineMany interactions with other drugs
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LevothyroxinePatient information: instruct patients to get
frequent blood tests, take on empty stomach, and immediately
report chest pain or irregular heartbeat
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Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)Acts to restore calcium
concentrationHypoparathyroidism: rare disorder in which body
produces little or no parathyroid hormone, resulting in
hypocalcemia

12. *
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Pancreatic HormonesGlucagon: secreted by islets of Langerhans
in pancreas when blood glucose levels are low
Functions to maintain adequate levels of glucose in blood
Insulin: secreted by pancreatic beta cells
Promotes use of glucose in cells
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Diabetes MellitusSerious endocrine disorder
Hyperglycemia
Results from deficient insulin secretion or decreased sensitivity
of insulin receptors on target cells
Affects 17 million Americans
Type 1: 10% of cases; caused by lack of insulin secretion by
pancreas
Type 2: 90% of cases; caused by resistance of insulin receptors
to insulin
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13. Focus on Pharmacology: Essentials for Health Professionals,
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Figure 25-3A Diabetes mellitus can be caused by dysregulation
of beta-cell function.
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Figure 25-3B Interaction of blood glucose levels, insulin, and
glucagon.
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Diabetes Video
Click on the screenshot to view a video on the topic of diabetes.
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14. Focus on Pharmacology: Essentials for Health Professionals,
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Diabetes in ChildrenChronic pathological conditions resulting
from diabetes mellitus in children include:
Diabetic neuropathy
Retinopathy
Nephropathy
Stroke
Coronary artery disease
Infection
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Diabetes and ObesityObesity: major cause of type 2
diabetesType 2 diabetes usually affects people older than age
40.African-Americans have highest rates of obesity and diabetes
compared to other racial/ethnic groups.30 minutes of moderate
physical activity most days are recommended to treat obesity.
*

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Table 25-4 Classifications of Insulin
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Table 25-4 (continued) Classifications of Insulin
*
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Insulin Video
Click on the screenshot to view a video on the topic of insulin.
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*

16. Focus on Pharmacology: Essentials for Health Professionals,
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Insulin TherapyInsulin controls the level of blood glucose.It
does not cure diabetes.Insulin therapy is required long term.
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Rapid-acting InsulinUses: treatment of type 2 diabetesAdverse
effects: hypoglycemiaContraindications: cautious use in
hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism, renal or hepatic
impairment, lactation and pregnancy, and older adultsPatient
information: instruct patients in proper diet and symptoms of
hypoglycemia
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Short-acting InsulinsUses: emergency treatment of diabetic
ketoacidosis or coma, to initiate therapy in type 1 diabetes, and
in combination with other insulinsAdverse effects:

17. hypoglycemic reactionsContraindications: cautious use in
pregnancy and lactation, in patients with kidney or liver
impairment
*
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Intermediate-acting InsulinsUses: to control
hyperglycemiaAdverse effects: rareContraindications: during
hypoglycemia; cautious in insulin-resistant patients,
hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism, renal or hepatic
impairment, pregnancy or lactation, older adults, children
younger than 3 years
*
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Intermediate-acting InsulinsPatient information: teach patients
to check blood glucose levels and maintain well-balanced diet
*

18. Focus on Pharmacology: Essentials for Health Professionals,
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Long-acting InsulinUses: type 1 and 2 diabetesAdverse effects:
hypoglycemia and hypokalemiaContraindications: cautious use
in patient with renal or hepatic impairment, during pregnancy or
lactation, and in children younger than 6 years
*
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Long-acting InsulinPatient information: advise patients to carry
source of glucose
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Insulin in Zinc SuspensionUses: type 1 diabetesAdverse effects:
similar to those of rapid-actingContraindications:
hypoglycemiaPatient information: instruct patients about
hypoglycemic symptoms and to use orange juice and sugar-
containing foods to treat hypoglycemic reactions

19. *
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Table 25-5 Common Oral Antidiabetic Drugs
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Table 25-5 (continued) Common Oral Antidiabetic Drugs
*
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SulfonylureasUses: treatment of mild to moderate type 2

20. diabetesAdverse effects: hypoglycemia, fainting, confusion,
blurred vision, bone-marrow depressionContraindications:
severe infections; acidosis; severe renal, hepatic, or thyroid
dysfunction
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SulfonylureasPatient information: teach patients to avoid
alcohol
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BiguanidesUses: type 2 diabetes when no response to
sulfonylureas occursAdverse effects: anorexia, GI upset, lactic
acidosisContraindications: renal disease, alcoholism, hepatic
disease, chronic cardiopulmonary dysfunction
*

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ThiazolidinedionesUses: adjuncts to treatment of type 2
diabetesAdverse effects: edema, anemia, headache, back pain,
fatigue, weight gain, hypoglycemiaContraindications: active
liver impairment, pregnancy, lactation, in children younger than
18 years
*
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ThiazolidinedionesPatient information: advise patients to report
symptoms of hepatic dysfunction
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22. Alpha-glucosidase InhibitorsUses: monotherapy or combination
therapy for type 2 diabetesAdverse effects: GI effects,
hypoglycemiaContraindications: inflammatory bowel disease or
other GI conditions, renal impairment
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Alpha-glucosidase InhibitorsPatient information: instruct
patients that insulin may be needed in times of infection, stress,
or surgery
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Table 25-6 Adrenocortical Hormones and Their Effects
*

23. Focus on Pharmacology: Essentials for Health Professionals,
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Table 25-7 Major Adrenal Corticosteroids (Glucocorticoids)
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GlucocorticoidsUses: replacement therapy in adrenal
insufficiency; rheumatic, inflammatory, allergic, neoplastic, and
other disordersAdverse effects: insomnia, behavioral changes,
acute peptic ulcer disease
*
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GlucocorticoidsContraindications: peptic ulcer, heart disease,
hypertension infectious illnesses, psychoses, diabetes,
osteoporosis, glaucomaPatient information: advise patients not
to stop abruptly, to not have immunizations, and to take drugs

24. with food
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MineralocorticoidsUses: primary and secondary adrenocortical
deficiencyAdverse effects: edema, hypertension, heart failure,
hypokalemia, muscular weakness, headacheContraindications:
patients with systemic fungal infections; cautious use in
Addison’s disease, pregnancy, and lactation
*
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MineralocorticoidsPatient information: advise patients to
maintain a low-sodium, high-potassium diet, and to recognize
symptoms of edema, hypertension, and heart failure
*

25. ITS 832 CHAPTER 8
VALUE SENSITIVE DESIGN OF COMPLEX PRODUCT
SYSTEMS
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN A GLOBAL ECONOMY
DR. JORDON SHAW
INTRODUCTION
• Complex Technology
• Smart Meters in the Netherlands
• Smart Meters as Complex Products
• Values in the Design of Technical Artifacts
• Conclusion
COMPLEX TECHNOLOGY
• Common in today’s society
• Many basic service infrastructures
• Collection of many smaller systems
• Technology is more than hardware and software
• Implementing technology always has impact

26. • To the surrounding environment
• Many stakeholders
• Tech development driven by stakeholder needs
• Value sensitive design (VSD)
• Incorporates impact on stakeholders
SMART METERS IN THE NETHERLANDS
SMART METERS IN THE NETHERLANDS
• Early smart meters were developed in the 1980s and 1990s
• The Netherlands identified benefits
• Energy savings
• Lower utility bills
• Consumers were not included in research
• Consumer concerns were not taken into account
• Public resistance led to a long delay
• Required modification and marketing
SMART METERS AS COMPLEX PRODUCTS
• Complex system characteristics
• Systematic
• Multiple interactions
• Nondecomposable

27. • Competing standards
• Actor or Stakeholder analysis
• Networks of stakeholders
• Standards organizations
VALUES IN THE DESIGN OF TECHNICAL ARTIFACTS
• Smart meters and Home Energy Management Systems (HEMS)
• Overlapping technologies
• Some shared development milestones
• Value drives development and acceptance
• Value sensitive design (VSD)
• Focus is moral and political implications
• VSD in Smart meter design
SUMMARY
• Complex systems
• Implementation impacts society
• Stakeholders are often unable to appreciate full impact
• Ignoring all stakeholders can delay implementation
• Smart meters in the Netherlands is a classic example
ITS 832 CHAPTER 7

28. COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF TOOLS AND
TECHNOLOGIES FOR POLICY MAKING
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN A GLOBAL ECONOMY
DR. JORDON SHAW
INTRODUCTION
• Policy making
• Assessment methodology
• Tools summary
• Conclusion
POLICY MAKING
• Political visions -> programs and actions
• Purpose is to change the real world
• Multidisciplinary field
• ICT offers opportunities to modernize policy making
• Goals
• Better understand reality
• Increase stakeholder engagement
• Respond within tighter timeframes
• Provide higher quality deliverables
ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY

29. • Identification
• Initial search - targeted
• Expanded search - general
• Select and read scholarly papers
• Follow references from scholarly papers
• Categorization
• 11 logical groups
• Comparative analysis
• Conceptualization
TOOLS CATEGORIES
• Visualization
• Argumentation
• eParticipation
• Opinion mining
• Simulation
• Serious games
• Tools specifically designed for policy makers
• Persuasive
• Social network analysis (SNA)
• Big data analytics
• Semantics and linked data
SUMMARY
• Examined 75 tools grouped into 11 categories
• Focus on 3 main areas of policy making
• Main activities

30. • Stage of the policy cycle
• Stakeholder types
• Appendix
• Links to many tools discussed in the paper
• Takeaway
• Research methods employed
You have to write a short research paper for a peer-reviewed
research paper that pertains to the week’s assigned reading
(Chapters 7 & 8). This will be a detailed summary of the
research paper and what you gained from the research. If you
have a difficult time, Google Scholar is a wonderful location to
find these types of articles:
https://scholar.google.com/
Once you find the article, you will simply read it and then write
a review of it. Think of it as an article review where you
submit a short overview of the article.
Chapter 7 and 8 attached in the attachments.
Chapter 7 - Tools for Policy Making (pdf)
Chapter 8 - Value Sensitive Design (pdf)
Deliverability:
Pages – 1 (350 words)
Please provide a substantive response to the above question
API Format.
No Plagiarism. .
As a reminder, you must list every reference that you used to
build your response then cite every reference within every
sentence that you used it with a properly APA formatted
citation (ABC, 2019).
Must check Citation years in the discussion as well in the
reference too. (They should match)