How To Write An Essay Abstract

Synthesis of Aspirin Lab Report
Abstract:
The goal of this experiment was to synthesize aspirin. In this experiment aspirin, also known as
acetylsalicylic acid, was synthesized from salicylic acid and acetic anhydride. In the reaction the
hydroxyl group on the benzene ring in salicylic acid reacted with acetic anhydride to form an ester
functional group. This method of forming acetylsalicylic acid is an esterification reaction. Since this
esterification reaction is not spontaneous, sulfuric acid was used as a catalyst to initiate the reaction.
After the reaction was complete some unreacted acetic anhydride and salicylic acid was still be
present in the solution as well as some sulfuric acid, aspirin, and acetic acid. Crystallization, which
uses the principle of...show more content...
Hofmann worked for Bayer, which then named acetylsalicylic acid compound aspirin. Aspirin
became commercially available in 1899 and today it is estimated that over a trillion aspirin tablets
have been consumed by those in need of its curative effects.
In this experiment aspirin was synthesized from salicylic acid and acetic anhydride.
Salicylic acid was esterfied using acetic acid and sulfuric acid acting as a catalyst to produce
acetylsalicylic acid and acetic acid. The phenol group that will attack the carbonyl carbon of the
acetic anhydride is the –OH group that is directly attached to the benzene since it is more basic than
the –OH group attached to the carbonyl group. This method of forming acetylsalicylic acid is an
esterification reaction. Since this esterification reaction is not spontaneous, sulfuric acid was used
as a catalyst to initiate the reaction. Sulfuric acid serves as the acid catalyst since its conjugate
base is a strong deprotonating group that is necessary in order for this reaction to be reversible.
The need for the strong conjugate base is the reason why other strong acids such as HCl is not used
since its conjugate base Cl– is very weak compared to HSO3–. After the reaction was complete some
unreacted acetic anhydride and salicylic acid was still be present in
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Abstract Noun Thesis
1.For our first paper, I didn't find anything too difficult. The topic of using an abstract noun, such as
fear or love, left an open opportunity to choose something that engraved a memory into our mind.
So when I began to write about a fearful night of mine, I had no problem because the memory was
quite vivid. Without much effort, the words began to flow out easily as I recalled the memory. I
think what people might find difficult is all about how they don't like the topic which showed
though to their writing or not choosing a vivid memory but instead something that was "easy." If
student's wanted to excel at writing even when they think they cannot be good writers, I'd
recommend prewriting the topic, the thesis, and the main idea points.

Abstract On Water Pollution
Abstract Water pollution is one of most rapidly growing problems occurring today. It is responsible
for more than million deaths worldwide. The Industrial Revolution was the catalyst that sparked
several types of pollution, air, water, and noise, to become more apparent in our society because of
the developments of factories, trains, and cars. Rivers were getting polluted by sewage and the air
by carbon monoxide and lead. This pushed the government to take affirmative action against
pollution by creating the Pollution Prevention Act and 1972 Clean water Act. Several other acts
were made to help clean the environment. Simple solutions to combat water pollution includes,
carpooling, ending the use of pesticides and fertilizers, and stop littering.
3 "Water and air, the two essential fluids on which all life depends, have become global garbage
cans." вЂ• Jacques–Yves Cousteau Over the years this statement has become very true. Today,
developing countries like India use their rivers to dump their sewage waste not realizing the
last–longing effects. This research paper will go into depth in water pollution, detailing the history,
types, and sources of water pollution as well as the possible solutions to how to combat this problem
and what governments around the world are doing to fix this issue.
Pollution comes

Nine Patterns Of Writing An Essay
I have decided to do my topic on the nine essay types that we have studied throughout this semester.
The thesis of my essay is stated in the first paragraph. It reads, "Over the past semester we have
learned the different definitions and meanings of all nine patterns of development." The purpose of
my essay is to inform new writers about the nine essay types they can use. Not only that, but how
they can properly use these patterns in your writing. Readers are typically students who want to learn
the definitions or how to write using the nine patterns of development. The tone is formal, for it is
giving straight–forward definitions and techniques on writing. When defining all nine patterns, I
used facts, examples, meanings, and how to uses the strategies when writing a essay on the
particular pattern....show more content...
Not only description, but, exemplification is used in the last sentence of the description category
when I say, "An example of description would be, "As I slowly pet the black Labrador puppy, I
noticed it had big, brown eyes with hair as soft as velvet." Throughout the whole paper I used
Division–classification. The title and how it is organized is in division–classification form.
Compare and contrast is used in the second paragraph when I compare objective and subjective
description. In addition, I uses compare–contrast in the division and classification section when I
compare the definition of "division" to the definition of "classification". Compare–contrast is used
again in the compare–contrast section when I compare the definition of "compare" to the definition
of "contrast". The definition of "persuasion" and the definition "argumentation" is also compared in
the Persuasion–Argumentation

School Management System
SCHOOL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
ABSTRACT
School Management System is a large database system which can be used for managing your
school's day to day business. School Management System allows users to store almost all of their
school's information electronically, including information on students, properties, teaching
meteorites etc. Most importantly, this information can be easily shared with authorized users,
records can be easily searched, and reports can be easily generated.
School Management System is software which is helpful for students as well as the school
authorities. In the current system all the activities are done manually. It is very time consuming and
costly. Our School Management System deals with the various...show more content...
An efficient Student Management Solution that, enables in maintaining and give the promotions
and remarks for the student in the School management system.
Overview of PHP language
SCHOOL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
ABSTRACT
School Management System is a large database system which can be used for managing your
school's day to day business. School Management System allows users to store almost all of their
school's information electronically, including information on students, properties, teaching
meteorites etc. Most importantly, this information can be easily shared with authorized users,
records can be easily searched, and reports can be easily generated.
School Management System is software which is helpful for students as well as the school
authorities. In the current system all the activities are done manually. It is very time consuming and
costly. Our School Management System deals with the various activities related to the students.
There are mainly 3 modules in this software Admin module Student Module Teacher module In the
Software we can register as a user and user has of two types, student and Administrator.
Administrator has the power to add new user and can edit and delete a user. A student can register
as user and can add edit and delete his profile. A personal authority of admin to send a sms to all the
users. The

Abstract or Outline
The Abstract or Outline for the Research Paper
Organizing Your Paper and Writing the Abstract or Outline If you have chosen to do an MLA paper
you will do an outline for your paper. This will be the second page of the paper. If you are doing an
APA paper, you will do an abstract of your final paper. This will page two. Consult Little Brown
Brief, pp. 510–517or examples of what a properly formatted paper looks like. IF YOU DO NOT
HAVE THIS TEXT, A GOOD SAMPLE CAN BE FOUND AT: www.dianahacker.com/resdoc At this
point you should have completed the majority of your research.
Writing the Abstract and/or Outline will confirm whether or not you are ready to begin composing
your paper.
Although the format for abstract and...show more content...
After scrutinizing the available information one is led to think otherwise. No amount of Spokane
River fish can be 'safely' eaten. The fish themselves are not safe. Toxic and poisonous chemicals
such as mercury, arsenic, lead and PCB's (polychlorinated–biphenyl) have been found in the tissues
and bones of all fish studied in the Spokane River. The fish's food sources and even the beach sand
along the riverbank have been found to contain harmful levels of these chemicals. Studies on the
effects of PCB's on human memory loss and learning disabilities have been conducted by four
universities around Lake Michigan over a 9 year period showing a direct link between PCB levels
in adults and their lower scores on learning tests. People who eat a certain amount of either
commercially available fish or sports fish have sometimes as high as four times in parts per million
the amounts of mercury and lead that the FDA would approve. The sources of these pollutants are
industrial waste and some naturally occurring elements. Mining in Idaho has historically been the
prime factor in the declining water quality of the Spokane River in Washington State and has been
the focus of our national Superfund clean–up

The Importance Of Abstract Alphabet
Picture books can be very influential for younger readers as well as many others. Authors' shapes,
colors, and context can create different types of emotions and feelings to be presented. These
types of books appeal to the younger reader because of these types of illustrations can cause the
words of the book come to life. This can be said for the book titled Abstract Alphabet. This book
was written and illustrated by former Caldecott Honor recipient Stephen T. Johnson. It is the perfect
picture book for teaching children the alphabet as well as providing unique and colorful pictures to
represent them. Each picture also provides a unique characteristic that can be appealing for the older
reader and the younger student. Abstract Alphabet is an effective children's picture book because of
the color of the illustrations, the uniqueness of the illustrations, and the text. To begin, the aspect
that is of at most importance in pictures books are clearly the type of illustrations. Effective
illustrations set the tone for the type of book that it will be. To not get misunderstood, the text is
essential as well. However when it comes to young readers, the pictures are what are going to the
most impactful. In Abstract Alphabet, each page provides a colorful visual of the lower and upper
case version of each letter. The letters on each page are also fairly large so it can be easily seen.
This is important because this book for children attempting to actually learn the alphabet. It

Abstract On Depression
Depression have become a major problem in our society today. People who haven't experience
depression will not understand how it feel and what it can do to a person. Many people also doesn't
understand what depression is, or how it can related to suicidal ideation. In fact, studies have
documented that the majority of young suicide victims had depression at the time of death and most
suicide survivors were diagnosed with symptoms of clinical depression at the time of their
attempt (Mojs, Biederman, GЕ‚owacka, Strzelecki, Ziemska, Samborski 2015). It can affect
anyone, from young adolescents to college students to the elderly people. There are many reasons
that can make someone have major depression. Such as financial problems, family problems,
social problems, school, work, etc. These stressors in our daily life can cause anxiety which can
increase our stress level significantly, which then can lead to depression. A research said that
anxiety disorder have a high comorbidity with depression and that anxiety occur prior to the onset
of depressive disorders in many individuals (Batterham, Christensen, Calear 2013). People who
experience depression must find way to cope with depression and know how to get help in order to
prevent suicidal ideation. The people surroundings, friends and family, must also find ways to
recognize the symptoms of depression, and show understandings in order to help those suffering.
This research project will help people understand more about

Writing An Abstract Analysis
There are many major parts of a research project, each part is important because each part build
from the previous part of the research project. The abstract is just the basic summary of the
project. The abstract tell what the project is about. Abstract is not a long drawn out process, the
abstract should not be no more 300 words. The abstract would point the major aspect of the
project and prescribe each aspect in the order the paper would talk about the aspect. Abstract will
include the overall of the study and state the research problem. Next the abstract will design the
study. Third thing the abstract will discuss the major finding and or tends that was found as a
result to my analysis. Lastly the abstract will give a brief summary my interpretations and my
conclusion. I feel that my abstract was straight to the point, I stated what my study was about, and
I stated the aspect of my paper. I also stated what the problem and what I feel what cause the
problem. I feel my abstract was strong but I could have made some improvement and the weak spot
was not include the other theories I have discuss in my paper. I could add that I was going to briefly
describe other theories that is associated with crime and why I feel my theory fit better than the other
theory. Introduction builds from the abstract. The...show more content...
I also had studies that back up my claim why I felt that social learning theory was the most
influence theory on young. My literature review explain why I felt that social learning theory
had a major influence on our young youth. I explain how I apply my theory and why I thought it
was the best. Only weak spot I found in this section I could explain how all the theory tie up
together because it all have to do with some type of crime. This section was rough for me , I want
to make sure I had everything I want talk about , and I want make sure I had studies to back up my
claim

Wireless Network Security : Abstract
Wireless Network Security
Abstract
This is the study over the wireless network security. As the wireless communication has the different
way of physical transport compared to wire environment of communication thus we have to use
different measure to secure a network in wireless environment. Wireless networking has more
security threats and vulnerabilities and we must have an effective management of it compare with
wired technology which is more a management issue.
Wireless networking has very important features as it offer firm and user's flexibility, and portability
with in the budget. It allow the users to get access to the network without the physical wired tied
between them. It uses high frequency radio waves to communicate between devices.
Introduction
Wireless network has extended their user satisfaction capabilities as it is developing rapidly. It is
open within the transmission range. To become the user choice of communication the wireless
technology is successful because of its flexibility and easy to excess at any time anywhere by using
their hand device. In wireless network it is difficult to limit the range of the radio transmission.
Wireless network is unknown about the connected network the user can only view of the network
from associated Access point. As there is more

Double Major Research Paper
After high school I have strong intentions on moving forward with my education by going to
college. By going to college I attend to further expand my knowledge in a field that I am interested
in pursuing, so that I can
The colleges I am considering are Purdue University, University of Illinois, University of Missouri,
Xavier University, and Louisiana State University. I am not certain on what major I am going to
pursue. However, majors that I am considering are law, criminology, athletic training, sports
management, and allied health. I also have intentions to minor in either African American studies
or English since I possibly could pursue a law degree. I am attending to double major. I believe that I
have a good chance in double majoring because I will enter college with at least six college credits
from being a part of the High School Scholars program at Lewis University, which allows me to
take one college course each semester to earn credits that could be transferred. For the fall semester
I took Culture and Civilization I and earned he grade of an A–. Currently, I am taking Culture and
Civilization II for...show more content...
I am a huge sports fan and baseball is my favorite sport and it would be a dream for me to become
a major league baseball executive. Since this dream is a long shot another career that I was
pondering on is becoming a civil rights activist, community organizer, or a parole officer. I am
also considering a career in athletic training, as a backup plan since the medical field is a
constant growing industry. My future goal in life is to have a career that will contribute to the
greater good in society. Additionally, I hope to have a career that will be able to support me and
my family in which the income would reflect the hard work that I have spent my entire life in
preparing for a job in the

Abstract On Artificial Intelligence
Abstract :Artificial intelligence(AI) is a science that involves simulation of intelligent behaviours in
machineries, like visual perception, decision making, speech recognition and so on. While the rate
of progress in AI has been patchy and unpredictable, there have been significant advances. In this
paper we discuss about one of the upcoming field in artificial intelligence which is automatic speech
recognition from neural signals. Nowadays speech interfaces are becoming more common and
popular becoming a part of daily lives. Speech interfaces have the ability to produce intelligible
speech in cases where it is not possible for speech production. (ie, in the case of locked in
syndrome,Lou Gehrig's disease patients). For such reasons it is desirable to not speak but to simply
envision oneself to say words or sentences. Introduction :
Speech driven services like Siri and Google voice search are used by millions of people in their
everyday lives. These speech interfaces allow natural interaction with electronic devices and enable
faster communication.Brain–computer interface(BCI), also called as mind machine interface
(MMI), direct neural interface (DNI) isa collaboration between a brain and an external component
or device that facilitates brain signals to manipulate or control some activity of that device. This
provides direct communication pathway between the brain and the component to be controlled.
BCI's usage is limited. This is partly due to the unnatural paradigms that are used to give commands
and texts to the BCI's like motion of hands etc. This is slow and unnatural. On the other hand if
speech was used as a paradigm then it would be faster and more natural.But only the concept of
thought to speech would enable severely disabled persons (i.e., locked–in syndrome, Lou Gehrig's
syndrome) to communicate with the outside world.
ASR:
Automatic speech recognition involves methods and techniques for speech recognition and
translation. It can be based on various inputs like neural signals, text input etc.
Brain Imaging Techniques:
Potential of neural signals that are used for recognizing speech are decided by using brain imaging
techniques. The major techniques are as follows:
FMRI:
Functional

Abstract Paper On Stress
Abstract Stress is not always a short–lived. Some negative effects on a person's body, such as
memory issues and a slower learning pace, are long–term. Long–term stress issues include nervous
system issues; High Blood Pressure (HBP). Because your body is tired you are more likely to get
sick and may have a higher chance of becoming ill; Skin problems can be a side effect of stress.
Diabetes is a risk from chronic stress due to the immune system fighting and affecting insulin
cells. While stress will not make a person infertile, if it is a stressful time such as holiday, major
family illness, or major life event the ability to become, pregnant may decrease. Research shows
certain stages of life are more susceptible to stress such as prenatal, adolescence, and elderly, this
can result in reduced hippocampal size, which can also lead to depression later in life. A person is
more likely to have a reduced immunity to contagious disease. Treatment plans may involve
medication, Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), exercise, focused deep breathing, rest, there are
alternative treatments such as acupuncture, reflexology, essential oil use, diet changes, keeping a
journal, or adding a multivitamin to your daily routine may help cope with stress. Key words:
Stress, HBP, Diabetes, hippocampal, treatments Stress is one of the most common emotions many
times we don't even realize we are stressed; this can be hard to explain because stress isn't an
emotion that we visibly express.

Abstract For Theory Paper
Emily Dutton
ENGL 4481
March 7, 2018
Abstract for Theory Paper
Different events in people's lives directly shape their inner–thoughts and ways of thinking. In turn,
these events impact how these individuals act in the world around them. According to Maslow's
hierarchy of needs, the ability to communicate in one form or another is essential to a human's
positive developmental growth. The most fundamental way that people express themselves is
through various forms of language whether that language is written, spoken, or conveyed through
the body. Because of the inter–connectivity of individuals' thoughts and language, many discourse
analysts attempt to analyze how individuals' psychology impacts the types of discourse they use.
This is also

Essay on Abstract Post-traumatic Stress
Post –Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)Melissa DiMichele
Psychology 100
June 10, 2011
Abstract
Post–Traumatic Stress Disorder also known as PTSD is an emotional condition that can develop
following a terrifying or traumatic event.
Post–Traumatic Stress Disorder also known as PTSD is an emotional condition that can develop
following a traumatic or terrifying event. PTSD has only been recognized as a diagnosis since
1980. This emotional disorder was brought to public attention after soldiers would return home and
often referred to as "shell shock or combat fatigue".
This Disorder can occur at any age and affects approximately eight percent of the adult population.
...show more content...
First, 2000). Some people may even try to block out part of the events that occurred all together. A
similar disorder in symptoms is known as Acute Stress Disorder. The difference between these two
diagnoses is that acute stress disorder only last two days to four weeks and requires less symptoms
to make a diagnosis.
Research has indicated that people who have experienced and extreme amount of stress or
traumatic event sometimes have a smaller hippocampus region of the brain in adults with chronic
PTSD and early childhood trauma. This is the part of the brain that is responsible for memory. The
reduction in size may be caused by a combination of the environment and genetics (NARSAD.com).
People who are diagnosed with this disorder are more likely to have trouble with relationships,
smoke cigarettes, abuse drugs and or alcohol use. If PTSD is left untreated it can have devastating
lasting effects.
PTSD is not easily treated. Sometimes people can not only suffer mentally but have physical
impairments from the event as well. This can make it hard for them to obtain the treatment they
need. A combination of medications andpsychotherapy is usually recommended and is the most
effect form of treatment for PTSD. The earlier a person seeks treatment for this disorder the better
the outcome will be. The medications are used to help people cope with their emotions while the
psychotherapy will help

Abstract On Environmental Pollution
Abstract
Environmental pollution is anything that can cause harm to the environment. Pollution is any
undesired alteration of the environment and is often caused by human activities (Mader, 2016, pg.
552). Types of human pollution would be air, water, soil, radioactive, thermal, noise, and light. Each
of these forms of pollution has been known to cause the enormous amount of concern for the
environment. There are laws in place now that are limiting pollution and to help control the issue.
Environmental pollution is a serious problem we are facing globally. It is the debate concerning
pollution, which we have been pondering for the past century. Prior to the industrial revolution,
scientists thought that the atmosphere was untouched by man–made pollutants until they found air
bubbles hidden in the core of Greenland's ice shelf (Stromberg). After finding this essential
development, scientist began to reconsider the initial cause of pollution and how to decrease the
lasting effects of it. With this discovery, pollution was traced back to Ancient Rome and it was
decided that globally we needed a new approach for dealing with this problem. There are numerous
types of pollution and they each have a devastating effect on the global climate. A scientist has been
working on ways to re–direct the negative effects of pollution and at the same time encourage
people to try to find ways to do that part to help with this effort. We all can find some way to
improve the world and decrease pollution.
The problems with air pollution seem to be one of the largest most discussed situations. The Natural
Resource Defense Council (NRDC) air pollution is the release of pollutants into the air that is
damaging human health and world. There are many forms of air pollution and smog and soot are
two of them. These two are discussed more when dissecting this problem due to them being the
most common forms of air position, which are also the most detrimental of them all. When the
sunlight and emissions from fossil fuels interact that is how smog is created. The creation of soot
formed from smoke, dust, allergens and other particles are spread throughout the air in gas or solid
form. Methane is also a huge component of the

Abstract On The Death Penalty
Abstract
The issue of capital punishment is a difficult one and the opinions are as diverse as the people
giving them. The death penalty exists in 38 states and those that have it spend enormous amounts
of tax payer dollars to engage the justice system in what is a long and drawn out series of court
dates and appeals that are lasting years. In addition, the trials and appeals of those on Death Row
will have attorneys, prosecutors, experts and judges with more experience creating a major strain
on the budget and manpower of the state. Nationally there is no study identifying the cost
associated with the Death Penalty, but each state uses their state laws and pay scales in
determining the cost of the Death Penalty. Prior to the Death Penalty being abolished New York
has spent millions of dollars on Death Penalty cases and the result was there were no executions.
Those in favor of the death penalty believe that the cost associated with incarcerating an
individual for life will far outweigh those associated with the Death Penalty, due to old age,
medical issues, food and other essentials needed to keep one alive. This would be true if the Death
Penalty was a swift method of justice. The monies spent on Death Penalty cases could be far better
spent on local budgets and programs that are evidenced based and proven to provide needed
services, such as law enforcement, drug treatment and youth programs.
Beginning

Analyzing And Evaluating Abstract Analysis
SLO1
The artefact that I presented is from one of my subject Australian Vertebrate Fauna. In this
assessment, I had to write an abstract of 250 words on an unpublished paper. It consisted of
analysing the paper critically and reflecting it in the abstract. It was a difficult task considering that
it was my first assessment of the semester and I had no experience of writing an abstract. The more
difficult part was that the paper consisted of 30 pages and we had to read through everything and
write an abstract highlighting only the key aspects of the paper. The paper was not yet published
and the information was placed in a crude manner. I did not know how to write an abstract and what
all to include in it. We also had to write a title which...show more content...
Many ethical norms in research, such as copyright and patenting policies, authorship guidelines,
policies for data sharing, and confidentiality rules in peer review, are designed to protect
intellectual property interests. Every member of a research group has an ethical responsibility for
ensuring the credibility of the project. Ethical lapses in research like fabricating data in a clinical
trial can significantly harm human or might even kill them. If proper research techniques are not
followed it might lead to the death of several patients and also an embarrassment to the field of
science and to the person himself. In the second workshop, we received a poster about the different
types of plagiarism which one of the ethics to be followed. In class, we discussed the problems
arising due to plagiarizing without even knowing that you

The Pros And Cons Of An Attract
Additionally, abstracts are important since they affect the readers' decision making about whether
the accompanying article is worth reading. Accordingly, Swales (1990) proposes that abstract is an
advance indicator of the content and structure and a representation of an article. On the other hand,
despite sharing some common features of the RA, the abstract constitutes a genre in its own right
and it differs in its rhetorical structure (LorГ©s, 2004). Accordingly , abstracts have been the
concern of applied linguists for quite a long time. Since Borko and Chatman (1963), the abstract has
been understood as being just a plain paragraph, referred to as an 'acceptable abstract', with an
internal structure which included the

How To Write An Essay Abstract

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