UN humanitarian overview: West Bank, Jerusalem, december 2010

1. UNITED NATIONS
Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
occupied Palestinian territory
HUMANITARIAN OVERVIEW December 2010
West Bank including East Jerusalem
Humanitarian Overview, June 2010

2. UNITED NATIONS
Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
occupied Palestinian territory
HUMANITARIAN OVERVIEW December 2010
West Bank Key Issues
Shrinking Space for Palestinians
• Restricted access in Area C and East Jerusalem
 House Demolition, SettlerViolence
• Access and Movement Restrictions and recent
movement easings
• Fragmentation of the West Bank

3. UNITED NATIONS
Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
occupied Palestinian territory
HUMANITARIAN OVERVIEW December 2010
West Bank Overview
Greenline
West Bank: 5,600 km2
Palestinian Built-up
areas
Population: 2,350,583
PCBS Census 2007
Israeli settlements
approx. 149 settlements,100
outposts
Population: Approx. 500,000
Oslo A & B
WEST BANK
Area C

4. UNITED NATIONS
Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
occupied Palestinian territory
HUMANITARIAN OVERVIEW December 2010December 2009Restricting Space: The Planning Regime Applied by Israel in Area C of the West Bank
Restricting space in area C of the West Bank
• Area C: 60% of West Bank
• Land Reserves for Urban
Expansion and Infrastructure.
• Palestinian construction
prohibited in 70% of Area C
and restricted in 29%
• Only 1% of Area C planned
for Palestinian development
• Population: est. 150,000

5. UNITED NATIONS
Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
occupied Palestinian territory
HUMANITARIAN OVERVIEW December 2010
House Demolitions
Area C:
• 200 demolitions a year (av.)
• > 3,000 pending orders
East Jerusalem
• 100 demolitions a year (av.)
• > 1,500 pending orders
• > 60,000 vulnerable

6. UNITED NATIONS
Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
occupied Palestinian territory
HUMANITARIAN OVERVIEW December 2010
19872005
Jerusalem – Restricted space BARRIER
Constructed
Under
construction
Planned
E1 project
Palestinian
built-up area
Settlement

7. UNITED NATIONS
Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
occupied Palestinian territory
HUMANITARIAN OVERVIEW December 2010
Shrinking Space for Palestinians in E. Jerusalem
• Restrictive planning
• Restrictive permit regime
• Shortfall of about
1,100 HU/year

8. UNITED NATIONS
Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
occupied Palestinian territory
HUMANITARIAN OVERVIEW December 2010
East Jerusalem,
Silwan-Al Bustan

9. UNITED NATIONS
Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
occupied Palestinian territory
HUMANITARIAN OVERVIEW December 2010
East Jerusalem, Sheikh Jarrah
• Settler attempts to take over land
for expansion/ new settlements.
• Land/property expropriated by court
order, in contravention of
international law.
• Plans to build over 540 residential
units and public/commercial buildings
for settlers.
• About 70 Palestinian residents were
so far forcibly evicted (2009-2010)
• Estimated 500 at risk of
displacement
Al-Kurd
Ghawi
OCHA Office
Hannoun
Kubbania Um
Haroun

10. UNITED NATIONS
Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
occupied Palestinian territory
HUMANITARIAN OVERVIEW December 2010
East Jerusalem

11. UNITED NATIONS
Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
occupied Palestinian territory
HUMANITARIAN OVERVIEW December 2010
Displacement in 2009 & 2010
2009 Adults Children Total
East
Jerusalem
151 149 300
*Eviction from Sheikh Jarrah 53
Area C 152 167 319
303 316 673
January–December 2010:
2010 Adults Children Total
East
Jerusalem
28 34 62
*Eviction from Sheikh Jarrah 14
Area C 191 202 393
219 236 569

12. UNITED NATIONS
Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
occupied Palestinian territory
HUMANITARIAN OVERVIEW December 2010
Settler Violence
“Price tag” strategy since 2007
• Jan-Nov. 2010: Incidents leading to
casualties & property damage:
up 450 from 320 in the same
period in 2009
Impunity: lack of law enforcement
• 92% of 600 cases monitored byYesh
Din between 2005- 4/2010 closed
Susiya South Hebron/ BTselem

13. UNITED NATIONS
Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
occupied Palestinian territory
HUMANITARIAN OVERVIEW December 2010
Settler related violence incidents trend
182
243
395
352
450
15.2 20.3 32.9 29.3 40.9
0
100
200
300
400
500
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Year
MonthlyAverage
117%
Increase since 2006
Last update: December 2010

14. UNITED NATIONS
Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
occupied Palestinian territory
HUMANITARIAN OVERVIEW December 2010
2009 Settler related
incidents by governorate
Three governorates represent 75% of
incidents

15. UNITED NATIONS
Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
occupied Palestinian territory
HUMANITARIAN OVERVIEW December 2010
South HebronShattered tombstone in Awarta, January 2010. photo: B'TselemHawara Mosque, April 14, 2010Jinsafout, 16.04.2010 /AP
Intimidation & harassmentPhysical AssaultProperty DamageMosque VandalismCemetery Vandalism Settler Violence

16. UNITED NATIONS
Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
occupied Palestinian territory
HUMANITARIAN OVERVIEW December 2010
Access and Movement:
Multi-layered system of restrictions
• Checkpoints & roadblocks
• Barrier and ‘Seam Zone’
• Restricted roads
• Closed military areas (Firing Zones)
• Nature reserves
• Israeli settlements
• Administrative restrictions
Shrinking Space, Displacement

17. UNITED NATIONS
Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
occupied Palestinian territory
HUMANITARIAN OVERVIEW December 2010
Closures in
the West Bank
Greenline
CheckpointsTrenches / EarthwallsRoad BarrierRoad GatesRoadblocksEarthmounds
Roads
WEST BANK
PARTIAL
CHECKPOINT
An established checkpoint
operating periodically.
CHECKPOINTS
A barrier manned by IDF
and/or Border Police.
ROAD GATES
A metal gate, often manned
by IDF, to control
movement along roads.
ROAD BLOCKS
A series of 1 metre high
concrete blocks used to
obstruct vehicle access.
EARTHMOUNDS
A mound of rubble, dirt
and/or rocks used to
obstruct vehicle access.
TRENCHES
A ditch used to prevent
vehicle crossing.
Total of 33.6 km
ROAD BARRIERS
Road barriers alongside
major roads to prevent
movement across the roads.
Total of 125 km
D D D
EARTH WALLS
A continuous wall or series
of earth mounds.
DDDD
CheckpointsTrenches / EarthwallsEarthmoundsRoad BarrierRoadblocksRoad Gates

18. UNITED NATIONS
Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
occupied Palestinian territory
HUMANITARIAN OVERVIEW December 2010
Number of Closures
CHECKPOINTS
A barrier manned by IDF and/or
Border Police.
PARTIAL CHECKPOINTS
An established checkpoint operating
periodically.
ROAD GATES
A metal gate, often manned by IDF,
to control movement along roads.
ROADBLOCKS
A series of 1 metre high concrete
blocks used to obstruct vehicle access.
EARTHMOUNDS
A mound of rubble, dirt and/or rocks
used to obstruct vehicle access.
65
23
115
70
164
TRENCHES
A ditch used to prevent vehicle crossing.
ROAD BARRIERS
Road barriers placed alongside major roads
prevent movement across the roads.
EARTH WALLS
A continuous wall or series of earth
mounds used to restrict access.
10
46
20
In total 513 closures
As of 1 December 2010
Flying Checkpoints
Average:
2009 65
2010 91
DDDD
D D D
As of December 2010

19. UNITED NATIONS
Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
occupied Palestinian territory
HUMANITARIAN OVERVIEW December 2010
Closure Trend
Number of West Bank Closures
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
376
533
AMA
A 36%
increase
since AMA
was signed
471
625
533
561 569
396
Disengagement
Palestinian
Elections Annapolis
614
Hamas
Take-over
Aug 05 Nov 05 Jan 06 Oct 06 Oct 07 Jan 08 March 09 June 09 Feb ’10 Dec ‘10
550
513
18 %
decrease since
March 09

20. UNITED NATIONS
Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
occupied Palestinian territory
HUMANITARIAN OVERVIEW December 2010
Other Closures
• 123 obstacles in Hebron City (H2)
• 64 Barrier gates
• 8 Green Line checkpoints
* Not included in OCHA closure count (Dec. 2010)

21. UNITED NATIONS
Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
occupied Palestinian territory
HUMANITARIAN OVERVIEW December 2010
Easing of movement between urban centers
• Removal of obstacles
• Shifting permanent checkpoints into partial
• Ad hoc checks
• Lifting some permit requirements
Yet - Key routes remain blocked

22. UNITED NATIONS
Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
occupied Palestinian territory
HUMANITARIAN OVERVIEW December 2010
Movements and Access Easings since 2009
Atara became a partial Checkpoint, 1 July 2009

23. UNITED NATIONS
Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
occupied Palestinian territory
HUMANITARIAN OVERVIEW December 2010
Easing of movement between urban centers
Removal of obstacles
Dismantled Earthmound in Sinjil - RamallahDismantled Partial checkpoint Nwemeh- Jericho
Ad hoc checks at staffed checkpoints• Lifting/easing some permit requirementsYet - Key routes remain blocked
Bet El Checkpoint - Ramallah
Tunnels checkpoint on road 60
Atara Checkpoint, 1 July 2009
• Shifting permanent checkpoints into partial
Huwara April 2010

24. UNITED NATIONS
Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
occupied Palestinian territory
HUMANITARIAN OVERVIEW December 2010
Alternative roads: Biddu sunken road

25. UNITED NATIONS
Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
occupied Palestinian territory
HUMANITARIAN OVERVIEW December 2010
Tunnel – Entry to Sunken road

26. UNITED NATIONS
Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
occupied Palestinian territory
HUMANITARIAN OVERVIEW December 2010
Expanded Enav checkpoint

27. UNITED NATIONS
Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
occupied Palestinian territory
HUMANITARIAN OVERVIEW December 2010
Western Ramallah Fragmentation

28. UNITED NATIONS
Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
occupied Palestinian territory
HUMANITARIAN OVERVIEW December 2010
No improvement in access to
• Areas isolated by the Barrier (inc. East
Jerusalem)
• The Jordan Valley
• Land in the vicinity of settlements

29. UNITED NATIONS
Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
occupied Palestinian territory
HUMANITARIAN OVERVIEW December 2010
The Jordan Valley
Access to, and land
use within the
eastern strip
remained restricted

30. UNITED NATIONS
Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
occupied Palestinian territory
HUMANITARIAN OVERVIEW December 2010
YitavYitav
Ma’aleh EfraimMa’aleh Efraim
HamraHamra
TayyasirTayyasir
The Jordan Valley
• Access tightly controlled by
checkpoints
• Entry of private vehicles
restricted

31. UNITED NATIONS
Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
occupied Palestinian territory
HUMANITARIAN OVERVIEW December 2010
Access to land in the vicinity
of Israeli settlements
remained limited
South Hebron

32. UNITED NATIONS
Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
occupied Palestinian territory
HUMANITARIAN OVERVIEW December 2010
Construction of Barrier in the West Bank
Started in June 2002
after an escalation of
suicide bombings-
issue is the route

33. UNITED NATIONS
Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
occupied Palestinian territory
HUMANITARIAN OVERVIEW December 2010
The Barrier
WEST BANK
Constructed
61.4% (434 km)
Under Construction
8.4% (60 km)
Planned
30.2% (213 km)
Green Line
Total Length: 707
km
Within the West Bank 85%

34. UNITED NATIONS
Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
occupied Palestinian territory
HUMANITARIAN OVERVIEW December 2010
Closed Area Communities
• 7,800 people in closed areas
• “Permanent Resident”
Permits
When route completed:
• 85% of the completed route
will be in the WB
• 33,200 will live in closed
areas”
• 125,000 surrounded / 3 sides
Access problems

35. UNITED NATIONS
Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
occupied Palestinian territory
HUMANITARIAN OVERVIEW December 2010
Qalqilia Jayyous
Miles
0 21
55
ACTIVATE
LAYERS
Habla Tunnel
Road 55
Jayyus’ Land
Water wells
Green Line
West Bank Barrier
Constructed
Planned
Dismantled
Palestinian
Built-up
Israeli
Settlements
Barrier Gates

36. UNITED NATIONS
Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
occupied Palestinian territory
HUMANITARIAN OVERVIEW December 2010
Barrier related:
• Access to services
• Communities & land “dislocated” by Barrier
In addition:
• Evictions, Demolitions
• Residency rights
• Poor living conditions
Displacement
East Jerusalem: Key Humanitarian Concerns

37. UNITED NATIONS
Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
occupied Palestinian territory
HUMANITARIAN OVERVIEW December 2010
East Jerusalem Access
Qalandiya
Olives
Gilo

38. UNITED NATIONS
Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
occupied Palestinian territory
HUMANITARIAN OVERVIEW December 2010
Restricted Access
Al-Ram/East Jerusalem – Formal commercial area

39. UNITED NATIONS
Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
occupied Palestinian territory
HUMANITARIAN OVERVIEW December 2010
•All Jerusalem ID holders / West Bank and Gaza
residents
•Permits & access for West Bank patients, staff &
ambulances to East Jerusalem hospitals
•Problems of access for Jerusalem residents who live
outside Barrier
•Access problems within East Jerusalem due to
ambulance escorts (ICRC/PRCS/MADA agreement)
•Access to West Bank/Jerusalem hospitals for
dislocated communities

40. UNITED NATIONS
Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
occupied Palestinian territory
HUMANITARIAN OVERVIEW December 2010
Access to Education
•Permits & access for West Bank
teachers /students to Jerusalem
•Classroom shortage in Municipal system /
Demolition / sealing of Al Waqf schools
•Estimated 5-10,000 pupils not enrolled /
high dropout rate
•Access to West Bank/Jerusalem schools
for dislocated communities

41. UNITED NATIONS
Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
occupied Palestinian territory
HUMANITARIAN OVERVIEW December 2010
Residency rights
•Revocation of social benefits &
Jerusalem ID cards
•Family reunification
•Registration of children
•Municipal boundary vs. Barrier boundary

42. UNITED NATIONS
Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
occupied Palestinian territory
HUMANITARIAN OVERVIEW December 2010
‘Dislocated’ communities & isolated land
• West Bank Palestinian communities on
‘Jerusalem’ side of Barrier
• East Jerusalem communities on ‘West Bank’
side of the Barrier
• West Bank communities severed from their
previously close ties to Jerusalem
• West Bank land isolated on ‘Jerusalem side’
of Barrier

43. UNITED NATIONS
Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
occupied Palestinian territory
HUMANITARIAN OVERVIEW December 2010
Areas A and B (Oslo Accords)
Areas C
149 Israeli settlements,
100 outposts and land cultivated by Israelis
Israeli military closed areas (Fire Zones) and 48 military bases
Nature Reserves
West Bank Barrier and Areas between the Barrier and the
Green Line
Restricted Roads
Closures and Checkpoints
The effect of the closures and the road system
Fragmentation of the West Bank
Tunnels
(As of September 2008)

44. UNITED NATIONS
Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
occupied Palestinian territory
HUMANITARIAN OVERVIEW December 2010
Israeli annexation
into Jerusalem
IDF closure of Dead
Sea coast line (32 Km)
Israeli settlements (19),
Israeli pop. 86,000
Area C (66%) – full
Israeli control
Israeli military closed
areas (40% of the
governorate and 60% of Area C)
Nature Reserves (19.4%)
Bypass roads
Israeli settlement outposts (16)
Barrier – constructed &
under construction
Barrier - Planned
Closures : checkpoints and
obstacles (29)
Settlement expansion
The Shrinking Space of Bethlehem Governorate
Governorate comprised of approximately 658 square KmPotential sites for development of Bethlehem tourism if Israeli measures lifted
Mar Saba
Dead SeaHusanBedouin Life

45. UNITED NATIONS
Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
occupied Palestinian territory
HUMANITARIAN OVERVIEW December 2010
Conclusions
For Humanitarian and/or full
economic recovery there
is a need to:
• Lift Access restrictions
• Establish Palestinian
Control over Space &
Resources.
• Barrier on 1967 Green
Line
Bethlehem Barrier Crossing 2008