◉ Regulations for installations in areas at risk of explosion
◉ Certifications: ATEX, IECEX, TR CU 012
◉ Classifications of areas
◉ The LAUMAS compliant products
◉ Product selection guide
◉ Application examples
2. What is ATEX?
2
• From French “ATmosphère EXplosible”
• Protecting people in places where an explosive atmosphere
may occur
• Cause: gas or dust
• European «equipment» directive 2014/34/EU
• European «workplace» directive 99/92/EC
3. 3
What is IECEx?
• IECEx System is an international and voluntary
certification promoted by IEC (International
Electrotechnical Commission, basically the ones who
make the standards), sharing with ATEX the same
technical regulations.
• IECEx and ATEX aims are in fact the same, but the first
one is extended also to non-EU markets.
• It can be converted into any national certificate if
recognized by the country
4. 4
IECEx participant countries
• Accepting ExTR (reports) for national certifications:
Brazil, Canada, China, India, Israel, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Norway,
Russia, South Africa, Switzerland, Turkey, United Arab Emirates, USA,
most EU countries
• Legally accepting IECEx:
Australia, New Zealand, Singapore
• There are currently 59 Accepted Certification Bodies (ExCBs) in 28
countries
5. 5
Schema IECEx
Equipment Scheme
Certificate of Conformity
Component Certificate
Unit Verification
Services Scheme
Certification of service providers
Certified Persons Scheme
Certification of competences
Certificate of
Conformity
QAR
Quality
Assessment
Report
ExTR
Assessment and
Test Report
Certification process
6. 6
What is EAC Ex?
• It is basically ATEX for EACU (EurAsian Customs Union) countries:
Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia
• Same technical standards as ATEX and IECEx: IEC 60079 family
• The local harmonized standard is TR CU 012
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Eurasian_Economic_Union_(orthographic_projection)_-_Crimea_disputed.svg#/media/File:Eurasian_Economic_Union_(orthographic_projection)_-_Crimea_disputed.svg
7. 7
What is HazLoc?
• Regulation equivalent to ATEX for USA and Canada
• The standard is NEC 500 (a chapter of the main American regulation for electrical
sector, the NFPA 70)
• Technically different from ATEX and IECEx; ex.:
o Not 3 zones, but 2 divisions
o Fibers besides Gas and Dusts
• Certification markings are American main laboratories’ brands: FM, UL, ETL
8. 8
HazLoc vs IECEx
• In the USA there is also NEC 505 (another chapter of NFPA 70)
• In fact, it is IECEx!
• Formally IECEx is accepted in the USA (convertible in a NEC 505 certificate), but
in practice the market usually requires traditional NEC 500
• We foresee to obtain HazLoc for our IECEx products in 2021
9. 9
Hazardous places: from 99/92 EC
GAS
Explosive atmosphere present continuously or for
long periods or frequently
Explosive atmosphere present occasionally in normal
operation
explosive atmosphere not likely and for a short
period only
DUST
ZONE
0
ZONE
1
ZONE
2
ZONE
20
ZONE
21
ZONE
22
11. 11
Categories, protection level and zones
• A device valid for zone 0 is also valid for zones 1 and 2, and so on…
• Zones classification: it must be done by skilled personnel, according to EN
60079-10
ATEX category
IECEx instruments
protection level
Installation zone
1G / 1D Ga / Da 0 / 20
2G / 2D Gb / Db 1 / 21
3G / 3D Gc / Dc 2 / 22
12. 12
ATEX and IECEx devices
• be suitable for the zone
• bear a marking:
All electric devices, and some mechanical ones, installed in hazardous areas must:
ATEX II Ex ia IIC
T6
2 G
Equipment group
(II for surface equipment)
Category
Environment
IECEx Ex ia IIC
T6
14. 14
Our protection modes: Ex i
• The circuit is designed such that cannot trigger an explosion
• Most of the signal and control instruments for telecommunications
• General rule: if a device is Ex i, the barrier is required!
• LAUMAS products: load cells, junction boxes (only gas)
Intrinsically safe
15. 15
Our protection modes : Ex i
Intrinsically safe: BARRIERS
• Intrinsic devices work correctly if they don’t receive too much power.
• Barriers (associated equipment) are usually placed in a safe zone (they are not
protected against explosions, unless they are kept in an ATEX case), but they
protect other components connected to them (junction boxes or load cells).
• We usually have to use Zener barriers between an indicator and a load cell:
Safe zone Hazardous zone
16. 16
Our protection modes : Ex i
Intrinsically safe: SYSTEM
• While composing an I.S. system (including load cells and barriers) it is
necessary to have “coordinating calculations” performed.
• Our barriers are always working with our load cells, but the installers must
have an official document with calculations.
• If they cannot, LAUMAS offers the EXCERT certificate, including the entire
weighing systems composed as following: instrument + barriers in safe zone
and junction box + load cells in hazardous zone.
17. 17
Our protection modes : Ex i
Intrinsically safe: EXEMPTION FROM BARRIERS
• Both LAUMAS instruments and load cells in zone 2 / 22: no barriers!
• It is proved that the component powering the load cells is already sufficient to
limit the power and works as a «barrier» integrated in the instrument.
ATEX instrument in safe
zone or zone 2/22 Zone 2 / 22
18. 18
Our protection modes : Ex t
Protection by enclosure (dust)
• It is based mostly on the enclosure, similar to an IP protection, but mantaining
it also over time.
• The enclosure does not allow dust to enter and the surface temperature cannot
trigger ignition.
• Junction boxes (dust)
• Electronics (dust)
19. 19
Our protection modes : Ex nR
Restricted breathing (gas)
• «Simplified» mode, only for zone 2
• The enclosure is restricting the ingress of explosive gases.
• Elettronics (gas)
20. 20
Our protection modes : Ex d
Explosion proof
• The enclosure contains the possible blast and avoids that it spreads outside
• ADPE products
31. 31
Other Indicators and Transmitters Zone 2/22
CASTLATEX CASTLTASTATEX
Zone 2/22
TLS, TLS485, TLU, TLL, THFPROFI, TLE
Zone 2/22
W200BOX (IP67)
Zona 22
W200BOX-EC (IP64)
32. 32
Cables
ATEX cables don’t exist!
• No marking is foreseen for ATEX / IECEx cables, but they must be compact (in
order to prevent the gas to enter and expand inside).
• They must be properly protected by the risk of mechanical damaging (usually
armoured cable or protective tube).
• Barriers are necessary only for cables going to an I.S. device!
• I.S. cables must stay separate from the non-I.S. ones.
• Generally, it is forbidden to connect and disconnect connectors under tension,
unless exceptions indicated in the documents provided together with the
connector.
33. 33
ATEX / IECEx / EAC Ex installation types
Hazardous area installations that we meet the most frequently are:
• Entire weighing system to be installed in zone 2-22
• Entire weighing system to be installed in zone 1-21
• Load cells and junction box to be installed in zone 1/21 or 2/22 with
electronic instruments to be installed in safe zone.
34. 34
Zone 2/22 – LAUMAS solutions
In this case all components must be certified based on area classification and the
weighing systems composition will be the following one:
• ATEX / IECEx / EAC Ex certified load cells
• ATEX / IECEx / EAC Ex certified junction box (if necessary)
• ATEX / IECEx / EAC Ex certified weighing indicator or transmitter for zone 2/22
The use of intrinsically safe barriers is not necessary.
35. 35
Zone 1/21 – LAUMAS solutions
In this case all components must be certified based on area classification and the
weighing systems composition will be the following one:
• ATEX / IECEx / EAC Ex certified load cells
• ATEX / IECEx / EAC Ex certified junction box (if necessary)
• ATEX / IECEx / EAC Ex certified weight indicator or transmitter for zone 1/21,
placed inside an explosion proof enclosure, together with intrinsically safe
barriers.
36. 36
Zone 2/22 + Safe Zone – LAUMAS solutions
In this case it is not necessary to have all the components certified and
we usually have:
In Hazardous Zone:
• ATEX / IECEx / EAC Ex certified load cells
• ATEX / IECEx / EAC Ex certified junction box (if necessary)
In Safe Zone:
• Weight indicator / transmitter
If:
o The weight indicator / transmitter is certified ATEX for zone 2/22, even if in
safe zone, intrinsically safe barriers are not required
o The weight indicator / transmitter is not certified ATEX for zone 2/22,
intrinsically safe barriers are required
37. 37
Zone 1/21 + SafeZone – LAUMAS solutions
In this case it is not necessary to have all the components certified and
we usually have:
In Hazardous Zone :
• ATEX / IECEx / EAC Ex certified load cells
• ATEX / IECEx / EAC Ex certified junction box (if necessary)
In Safe Zone:
• Wight indicator or transmitter always along with intrinsically safe barriers
38. 38
Comparative table for ATEX – IECEx – EAC Ex
IN ACCORDANCE
WITH ATEX/IECEx
WEIGHING
PLATFORMS
AND
MODULES
LOAD
CELL
CUSTOM
LOAD
CELL
JUNCTION
BOXES
WEIGHT
INDICATOR with
EXPLOSION
PROOF BOX
WEIGHT
INDICATORS
ATEX only
WEIGHT
INDICATORS
ZENER
BARRIER
S
CE41ATEX
CE81ATEX
CE41PATEX
ADPEW200
WDESK
CASTLATEX
CASTLTASTATEX
WINOX
W200BOX
W200BOXE
C
Ex ia Ex ia Ex ia Ex ia
Ex ta
Ex d
Ex td
Ex nR
Ex tc
Ex nR
Ex tc
Ex tc
EAC Ex
[Ex ia]
EAC Ex EAC Ex EAC Ex EAC Ex EAC Ex
G
A
S
ZONE 0 - - - - 1
ZONE 1 - - - 1
ZONE 2
- 1
D
U
S
T
ZONE 20
- - - - 1
ZONE 21
- - - 1
ZONE 22 1
RISK ANALYSIS AND ZONE CLASSIFICATION IS CUSTOMER’S RESPONSIBILITY
1) Barriers must be installed in safe areas and interfaced with load cells installed in 0, 1, 2, 20, 21, 22 classified zones (for instruments series W100, W200, WDESK, WDESKLIGHT, WINOX,
WTAB, TLB, TLS, THFPROFI, TLE, TLL and TLU, the barriers are optional in the zone 2 and 22).
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Editor's Notes
1.
Scrivere in chat il messaggio di benvenuto da prendere dal file “messaggio benvenuto” in V:WEBINARS
Good morning and welcome to our Webinar!
We are going to start in a few minutes.
In the meantime, please make sure you join in listen-only mode, so that your microphones and webcams are off, in order to avoid unpleasant background noise. During the session you can send your questions via chat, which will be answered during the Question Time at the end of the presentation.
In case of technical issues, please send an e-mail to webinar(at)laumas.it
If in the meantime you want to introduce yourself to the other participants, it would be a great way to start knowing each other. Thank you
Good afternoon, or good morning, and welcome to our third webinar of the season.
My name is Cristiano Campanini and I am part of Laumas sales department.
Today we are going to talk about potentially explosive environments and Laumas’ instruments allowed to work in such areas.
First, I would like to remind you some simple rules that we will have to follow during the event.
Please keep your microphones off during the entire presentation in order to avoid disturbing other participants, also keep off your camera for privacy reasons, but also to avoid slowing down your connection.
Second, submit your questions only through the chat, Do not the microphone for this or other purposes.
At the end of the presentation there will be a specific Q&A time where my colleague, eng. Davide Vescovi from R&D, and I will answer your questions.
Third, in case of technical problems please use Cisco (the program we are using) technical assistance or send us an email to webinar@laumas.it, but do not use the chat which must be used only to submit questions related to the presentation.
Please note that we are recording this webinar is and both video and pdf slides will be available on our website in a few weeks as well as other recent webinars.
At the end of the session we will give you an email address to request the participation certificate in case anyone of you need.
Finally, we kindly ask you to fill the satisfaction questionnaire that you will receive at the end of the webinar in order to collect your suggestions and improve our service.
Now that you know all the rules, we can finally start our presentation.
What’s ATEX? The ATEX regulation is conceived to allow the free trade of equipment and protective systems for explosive atmosphere within the EU by removing the need for separate testing and documentation for each member state.
ATEX regulation is made of two directives… The «workplace» one and the new «equipment» one, which replaced the old directive since last year.
This new regulation aligns 10 directives including Electromagnetic Compatibility Directive (EMC) and Low Voltage Directive (LVD) as well as Non-automatic Weighing Instruments Directive (2009/23/EC) and it is called New legislative framework.
The regulation applies to all electrical or mechanical equipment intended to work in potentially explosive atmosphere in order to guarantee the protection of people.
And what’s IECEx? This system is an international and voluntary certification based on the same technical regulations as ATEX.
One of the main differences is that IECEx is conceived to be accepted everywhere, so also out of European markets, being converted into national certificates if a country recognizes its validity.
There are different countries in the world that accept IECEx report (ExTR) as a standard so that it can be converted into national certifications and three countries that don’t require any conversion legally accepting IECEx itself (Australia, New Zealand and Singapore).
Many other countries are endowed /ɪnˈdaʊd/ of Certification bodies allowed to issue certifications (ExCBs) or are member States of the international commissions. The ExCBs are authorized to operate within the IECEx Certified Equipment Scheme and to issue related reports and conformity certificates.
/ski:m/
Another difference with ATEX is that IECEx certification can be referred to a product (and in particular to instruments, single components or «UNA-TANTUM» whole lines); to service facilities like repair workshops; or to personnell competencies.
*******
IECEx main documents consist of:
Test report of the tests carried out on the product
Assessment of manufacturers Quality System
Certificate of Conformity issued in consequence of the first two
What’s EAC Ex?
1) EAC Ex is a certification valid for countries of the Euro-Asian Union members, including Russia and other countries.
2) Technical standards are the same for ATEX and IECEx since the IEC 60079 is a “family” of technical regulations recognized worldwide including several “sub-families” like -0 for basic rules, -11 for intrinsic safety, and so on. Most of the countries (notably, USA are an exception) implement these regulations.
3) The name of the EAC (equivalente to an EU directive) is TR CU 012, while EAC Ex is actually the name and brand of the certification.
7.
Despite what we have just said, also the USA accede to the IECEx standard, but in practice it is common use to require local approvals.
The HazLoc certification refers to American and Canadian markets and its technical regulation is NEC500, contained in the wider NFPA70.
NEC500 only foresees 2 zones called divisions (one for very low risk and another for medium-high risk) and three categories: gas, dust and fibers.
Certification mark depends on the laboratory that performed the tests. Some may be well-known and so required more than others, but the result won’t change.
In the USA we also have another regulation called NEC505 that corresponds to IECEx. So if you already have IECEx you can ask for convertion to NEC505, but due to habits and praxis, the customer may ask specifically for the NEC500.
We expect to get the HazLoc certification in 2021 for our IECEx products.
Now let’s deepen the ATEX and IECEx.
The hazardous areas classification depends on the likelihood of an explosive atmosphere occurring and its persistence.
Three areas are identified for gas:
Zone 0 where explosive atmosphere is present continuously or for long and frequent periods
Zone 1 where explosive atmosphere is present occasionally
Zone 2 where explosive atmosphere is present only for short periods
And same thing in case of explosive dusts: three areas identified by number 2 followed by 0, 1 or 2.
Here you have a real life example of hazardous zones: the underground tank and the inside of the tank truck for fuel are classified as area «0», the areas around fuel pumps are classified as area «1» and the entire area of the service station is classified as area «2».
By category and environment you know in which zones the device can operate: G identifies gas environment while D dust environment;For ATEX 1, 2 and 3 correspond respectively to zones 0, 1 and 2.
Any device valid for area 0 is also valid for areas 1 and 2, any device valid for area 1 is valid for area 2 but not for 0 and finally, no device valid for area 2 can be used in areas 0 and 1.
Talking about the hazardous zones, IECEx presents (similarly to ATEX) two different codes for Gas and for Dust and three different installation zones identified by letters (a, b, c).
You should always remind your customers that they must not determine on their own the classification area: only skilled people is authorized.
Any ATEX approved device must bear a marking like this one, composed by:
The standard CE mark
The ATEX yellow hexagon
A roman number identifying the application area for the equipment (in our case II for surface industry application, but I for mining equipment, for ex.)
A number identifying the category
A letter identifying the kind of environment, gas or dust
And several other details that will be shown in next slides, like protection type, product type, working temperatures and so on.
The marking is basically the same for ATEX and IECEx: the ATEX only adds the prefix we have seen, before the ‘technical’ marking for IECEx
This is a full ATEX or IECEx marking.
The first line, as we have just seen, is typical only for ATEX.
The second line is an example of gas-environment marking, while the third line is an example of dust-environment marking.
Marking like the 2nd and 3rd lines are common to both ATEX and IECEx.
Both starts with “Ex” indicating that this is an explosion protection device.
The second information is about the type of protection used in the instrument.
Now let’s see these different ways of protection.
[D]
“i” stands for intrinsic safety.
It means that the circuit design cannot trigger an explosion and this is the case of signal and control equipment for telecommunications.
Laumas’ products that adopt this kind of protection are load cells and junction boxes (these ones for gas environments).
It’s important to notice that intrinsic safety implies the use of barriers.
/zi:ner ˈbæriə(r)/
And talking about barriers, let’s see what Zener barriers are: they consist of a device installed in a safe area which limits the amount of energy that could appear in an electrical circuit passing through a hazardous area, in order to respect a safe level and avoiding to ignite the explosive atmosphere.
While composing an intrinsically safe system (including both load cells and barriers) it is necessary to have “coordinating calculations” performed.
Our barriers match with our load cells, but the installers must have an official document with calculations.
Expert staff can do it on their behalf: Laumas can provide a certificate (EXCERT) for ensemble certificate if we are talking about a simple plant complete of weighing system (junction box and load cells) in hazardous area and barriers and electronic device in safe area.
Barriers are not necessary when the load cells is located in an ATEX zone classified as 2/22 and the indicator is in the same hazardous area or even safe area, since our devices already embed an energy-limiting system, provided they are ATEX version.
Another type of protection is “t” that stands for protection by an enclosure box.
This one is valid for dust environments and LAUMAS’ products using it are junction boxes and electronic equipment.
It works as an IP protection, but keeping the same protection level over time and avoiding temperatures that may trigger explosions.
The third type of protection is “nR” that stands for restricted breathing.
It works only for zone 2 (gas) and it means that the enclosure is reducing the exchange and entry of hazardous atmosphere within the enclosure itself.
It has been adopted for our electronics.
The last type of protection we offer is “d”, which means explosion proof.
The enclosure will contain the explosion that may occur inside and avoid it to spread outside.
All of LAUMAS products adopting this protection are identified by the code ADPE.
Going back to the typical ATEX / IECEx marking, after the type of protection we meet the gas or dust group.
If we are talking about gas environments, always have II followed by a letter: A for methane, gasoline, fuel; B for ethylene and alcohol; C for hydrogen.
If the environment is dust, we have III followed by a letter: A for fibres (volatile combustible compunds), B for non-conductive dusts, C for conductive dusts.
After that, we read the temperature class included in a range from T6 (the lowest) to T1 (the highest, maximum 450°C).
This value is the maximum superficial temperature that may be reached by the device. The higher is the temperature, the higher is the risk of explosion triggering.
The same rules is valid for dust environments, the only difference is that the marking in this case provides also the temperature that the device may reach considering no deposits of dusts on its surface.
Each type of dust has a different ignition temperature when it’s in layers or when it’s in its stirred form (cloud).
Which Laumas’ products can fit in a specific ATEX zone is shown in this simple scheme:
Load cells and junction boxes are approved for all areas, from the most to the least [li:st] dangerous zone
Indicators and transmitters, depending on the model and version, can be approved for both areas 2/22 and 1/21 or only for area 2/22.
While asking for a quotation for ATEX products, you should always be informed about the zone where the instrument will be installed by verifying with competent personnel.
All ATEX products will come along with aproper labels and declaration of conformity.
As we have just seen, all of our load cells have also approved versions for all the ATEX, IECEx and EAC Ex zones.
Another great service we can provide to our customers are customized load cells.
We can produce load cells with specific characteristics, for example dimensions, high or low working temperatures, material, etc. and we can also provide ATEX and IECEx certification.
We are very proud of that as really few companies can offer such service to their customers.
In this slide you can see our three models of junction boxes approved for all zones. Among these, the first and the second ones are also offering shock protection, while the third one is smaller in size.
The three are available with ATEX, IECEx and EAC Ex certifications.
ADPE are flameproof enclosures and are available for two models of indicators, allowing them to be used for zones 1/21:
The enclosure for W200 is complete of five external buttons having the same functions of the original W200 keypad, while W100RIP doesn’t need external buttons, since it’s working as a pure remote display and not as an indicator.
We have also introduced this kind of enclosure for a 24V power supply (ADPEALIM).
ADPE W200 is ATEX, IECEx and EAC Ex certificed, while ADPE W100RIP and ADPEALIM are ATEX and IECEx certified.
Talking about the indicators approved for zone 2/22, we have WINOX indicators, having stainless steel enclosure and a back panel complete of certified cable glands.
The WINOX is available with bracket (wall version but that can be also used for desk), desk version, with column mounting and panel mounting.
Internal battery for WINOX is also available but in order to recharge the instrument it is compulsory to move it out of the hazardous zone to a safe area, so we really suggest you to set the connection through a certified cable instead of relocating the indicator every time you need to recharge it.
WINOX is certified for ATEX, IECEx and EAC Ex.
Also the W-DESK series of indicators is available in a certified version for zone 2/22.
It comes with an IP67 protection degree complete of 6 approved cable glands and it is available in desk version, wall mounting version, column mounting version and panel mounting version.
WDESK is ATEX certified.
The W200 indicator is also available in two different ‘autonomous’ enclosure boxes, having protection degrees IP64 or IP67, thus being approved for use respectively for dust environments (area 22) or for both dust and gas environments (2/22).
The IP64 version comes with external selector switch for setpoint groups or formulas selection.
For both versions the other buttons are the same as the original W200 without protective box.
The BOX versions of the W200 are certified ATEX, IECEx and EAC Ex.
Another kind of enclosure box is available for part of the TL- transmitters, making them suitable for ATEX installations in zones 2/22.
Such box can be provided in two different versions, of those one complete of external buttons and one without buttons but transparent cover.
Sometimes it happens that our customers ask for certified cables.
Actually there are no ATEX / IECEx cables, but there are some prescriptions.
The cable must not allow gas to enter and expand inside; they must be protected by mechanical damages for the same reason (that’s why usually armoured cables or protective tubes are used).
You will be required to use barriers only for cables connecting a device which is intrinsically safe, but pay attention and keep the cables not connecting intrinsically safe devices separate!
Another important rule is that it is forbidden to disconnect or connect the connector under tension, unless expressly indicated in the technical instructions of the connector itself.
Based on our experience, the kind of installations in hazardous areas are the following ones:
A complete weighing system in zone 2/22
A complete weighing system in zone 1/21
Load cells and junction box in hazardous area (1/21 or 2/22) and other electronic components in safe area
In case we have the entire system in zone 2/22, each component shall be certified for the zone and composition of the system will be the following:
Certified load cells
Certified junction box (if necessary)
Weighing indicator or transmitter, also duly certified
The use of barriers is not necessary as the entire system is in the same hazardous area.
Also in case that the entire system is located in zone 1/21, each component must be certified for the zone and the composition of the system will be made of:
certified load cells
Certified junction box (if necessary)
Weighing indicator or transmitter duly certified and within an explosion-proof enclosure (ADPE) together with intrinsic safety barriers.
This third case is a mixed situation, when load cells and the junction box (if any) are in zone 2/22 and the indicator and/or transmitter are in safe area.
Obviously load cells and junction box will have to come in a proper certified version, while talking about the transmitter and indicator, if they are already certified for zone 2/22, they won’t need intrinsically safe barriers.
Otherwise, if they are not certified, you’ll have to add the barriers to the system.
We can have also load cells and junction box in zone 1/21, with indicator and/or transmitter in safe area.
In this case there is no choice and the indicator and transmitter must always come with intrinsically safe barrier. Naturally load cells and junction box, if any, must be certified.
Here you can see a detailed table of the products approved for ATEX, IECEx and EAC Ex use, that could be useful to identify an approved product for installation in hazardous area. After the webinar will be released on the website, along with its pdf version, you will have access to this table.
Now that we are done with the presentation, feel free to submit your questions and doubts by using the chat – please use the general chat and don’t send private messages.
We remind you that the webinar will be available in a few weeks on our website and that in the same section you can already find other past webinars and tutorials that you can consult in any moment.
In the future, the same section will be also updated with new events.
To ask for further information or require the participation certificate, you can send a message to sales@laumas.it .
Once again, please remember to fill and answer to the satisfaction questionnaire that you will receive via email after the end of the session.
On behalf of Laumas, thanks to all of you for your attention and interest and see you at next webinars.