Different Cultures in sociology

1. Laraib kiran
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2. Content
• Enculturation
• Acculturation
• Subculture
• Cultural relativism
• High and popular culture
• Diversity of Culture
• Ethnocentrism &
Xenocentrism

3. Enculturation
• Is the process by which a person adopt the behavior patterns of
culture he lives in.
• Reinforce basic cultural values and norms
• Essential requirement for Survival
• Product of learning
• Dynamic process not static

4. Acculturation
• A cultural unit(an idea ,value or pattern of behavior) is passed
from one person to another while retaining their own culture
• Adoptions of behavior patterns of surrounding culture
• Imposed on minorities by the fact of being minority
• Unidirectional process
• Medium for acculturation
• In person contact
• Contact through
• Art
• literature
• Media

5. Subculture
• Culture patterns that sets apart some segments of a societies
population
• Members are identified through their distinctive and symbolic use
of style including fashion ,mannerism and language
• Kalash culture
• Subculture can be perceived as negative due
their criticism to the dominant societal standard

6. Cultural relativism
• Is the views that all belief the customs and ethics are relative to
individual with his own social context
• For example =child labor
• Different cultures have different moral codes.
• There is no objective “truth” in morality. Right and wrong are only
matters of opinion, and opinions vary from culture to culture.

7. High and Popular culture
High culture:
• Culture pattern of elite
• Differentiate themselves through their traits and patterns
• Lifestyle
Popular culture:
• That are wide spread among a society’s population
Who influences pop culture?
• Film
• Television
• News Media
• Music publishing
• Internet /Social Media

8. Diversity of Culture
• The existence of variety of Cultural group in a
society
• Quality of different culture
• Cultural diversity includes (but not limited to):
• Language
• Religion
• Ethnicity
• Dress
• Values
• Social community responsibilities(ethically,
economically, legally)
• Family & family responsibilities

9. Benefits & challenges
Benefits:
• National solidarity
• inspire creativity and drive innovation
• a broader and more adaptable range of products
and services
• Diverse teams are more productive and perform
better

10. Challenges
• Cultures may be less likely to let their voices be heard
• Integration across multicultural teams can be difficult in
the face of prejudice or negative cultural stereotypes
• Professional communication can be misinterpreted or
difficult to understand across languages and cultures
• Different understandings of cultural etiquette
• Conflicting against opinions

11. Ethnocentrism & Xenocentrism
Belief that particular culture is superior to all other cultures and
groups
• Creates group loyalty
• Believing that u are better than others

12. Xenocentrism
• Coined as the antonym of ethnocentrism
• Prefer the styles and ideas of someone else culture
• Thinking that something foreign is better than anything your
culture can produce
Example
japan is the only country for best machinery