3. Focus Questions
What basic understandings of environment and
technology did post-classical traders need
to conduct their business?
What were the environmental effects of
migration in the post-classical era?
What were the linguistic effects of migration in
the post-classical era?
4. Vikings
● North Atlantic
● Used longships to
travel in the Ocean
and into riverways,
however shallow
● Raided villages and
cities with switch
retreat
5. Arabs / Berbers
● Sahara
● Used camel
caravan to
navigate the
Trans-Saharan
routes
6. Nomads
● Central Asia
● Pastoralists used
horses to travel
the steppe
● Mongols, Huns
(formally Xiongnu)
7. Focus Question
What were the
environmental effects
of migration in the
post-classical era?
The migration of Bantuspeaking peoples who
facilitated transmission of iron
technologies and agricultural
techniques in Sub-Saharan
Africa.
The maritime migrations of the
Polynesian peoples who
cultivated transplanted foods
and domesticated animals as
they moved to new islands
8. Some migrations had a significant
environmental impact: Bantu
● Originally from
West Africa
● Farmed along
rivers in rainforest
● Moved south as
population grew
● Others settled in
grassy west coast
of southern Africa
where the land was
suitable for herding
sheep, goats, cattle
10. Focus Question
What were the
linguistic effects of
migration in the postclassical era?
Some migrations and
commercial contacts led to
the diffusion oflanguages
(spread of Bantu languages
including Swahili, Spread of
Turkic and Arabic
languages) throughout a
new region or the
emergence of new
languages.
11. Some contacts led to the diffusion of
languages
Swahili
Zanzibar
Mixture of
Bantu
languages and
Arab language
Turkic
Central Asia
Between 6th
and 11th CE,
Turks moved
west and
south into
Anatolia and
the “Stans”
Arabic
Arabia
Spread with
Muslim
conquests
during 7th CE
