In recent years, advanced soft computation techniques such as Multi-Criteria Decision Making and Geographical Information Systems have been widely used to solve water resource development problems. Hydroinformatics (Hydro means Hydrus or water, and informatics means information science) is a branch of science concerned with the application of advanced soft computation techniques and information and communication technologies (ICTs) to water-related problems. The following are five hydro informatics project topics that can be applied to groundwater problems. Idea 1: Development of a Groundwater Vulnerability Index with the help of MCDM and GIS Groundwater becomes vulnerable when the level of water falls beyond the supply water table or even it may raise above also. In both cases, the groundwater can cause harm. When the groundwater level(GWL) is below flood level then it indicates water scarcity and on the other hand, when the GWL is more than Flood Level it becomes Flood. Both floods and droughts can cause severe impacts. That is why it is important to know about groundwater vulnerability in addition to surface water vulnerability while analyzing the Vulnerability of a watershed. Interesting research can be conducted to develop a Groundwater Vulnerability Index(GVI) to represent the status of the watershed with respect to groundwater. GVI can be determined with the help of a weighted average of the product of the magnitude of the selected inputs and their corresponding weights. This weightage can be approximated with the help of MCDM techniques. Idea 2: Development of Groundwater Vulnerability Maps with the help of MCDM and GIS After creating the GVI, the same concept can be used to create vulnerability maps using GIS. In this case, the MapWindow software can be used. Whereas the GVI can be placed on the Z axis, latitude and longitude can be placed on the X and Y axes, respectively. The maps will assist readers in identifying vulnerable areas of the watershed that must be avoided during harvesting seasons. Idea 3: Identification of Groundwater Recharge Zone with the help of MCDM and GIS Multiple parameters can identify Groundwater Recharge Zone or GRZ. However, not all parameters are equally important. Some are highly significant some other parameters are not so much important. After collecting accurate and satisfactory data, MCDM techniques can be utilized to find the significance of each parameter with respect to its ability to identify GRZ. Instead of assigning equal weightage to all the parameters are given a weightage as per the objective methods of MCDM. After GRZ is identified, logistical maps can be developed with the help of GIS then it will be easy to identify the GRZ from the minimum amount of data and the maps. The complete article is available at https://hydrogeek.substack.com

1. Five project ideas on "Hydroinformatics in
Groundwater"
• Idea 1: Development of a Groundwater Vulnerability Index with the
help of MCDM and GIS
• Idea 2: Development of Groundwater Vulnerability Maps with the help
of MCDM and GIS
• Idea 3: Identification of Groundwater Recharge Zone with the help of
MCDM and GIS
• Idea 4: Impact of Climate Change on Ground Water Table
• Idea 5: Identification of the Most Significant Factor for Groundwater
Replenishment Time