#scapula #bone #education #BHMS #BAMS #MBBS #ANATOMY #STUDY

1. RAJASTHAN VIDYAPEETH HOMOEOPATHIC MEDICAL COLLEGE AND HOSPITAL
J.R.N.RAJASTHAN VIDYAPEETH (DEEMED TO BE UNIVERSITY)
UDAIPUR (RAJ.)
Session – 2022-2023
Department of Anatomy
Topic: INTRODUCTION OF SCAPULA

2. 16 SEP 2022 BATCH B1
Sr. no. NAME OF STUDENTS SEMINAR TOPIC
1.
KULDEEP
JINGAR
INTRODUCTION OF SCAPULA
(SIDE DETERMINATION,SURFACESS,BORDERS,ANGLES,PROCESSES)
2.
KESARI SHAKIL SCAPULAR REGION JOINTS
(STERNOCLAVICULAR,ACROMIOCLAVICULAR,SCAPULOTHORACIC,GLEN
OHUMERAL JOINTS.)
3.
JYOTI SONI ANASTOMOSIS AROUND THE SCAPULA [SHOULDER JOINT]
4.
Kriti Chordia MUSCLES OF SCAPULA REGION [DELTIOD
,SUPRASPINATUS,INFRASPINATUS ]
5.
KHUSHWANT
SHARMA
MUSCLES OF SCAPULA REGION [TERES MAJOR ;SUBSCAPULARIS ,TERES
MINOR ]

3. THE SCAPULA

4. SACAPULA :-
Scapula is a thin bone and large triangular bones placed on the posterolateral aspect of the
thoracic cage.
The scapula has two surfaces, three borders, three angles and three processes
Each overlies the 2nd – 7th ribs
SIDEDETERMINATION
The lateral or (glenoid angles) is large and bear the
glenoid cavity
Dorsal surface is convex and divided by triangular spine
in to the supraspinatus and infraspinatus fossa
The thickest lateral border runs from the glenoid cavity
above to the inferior angle below

5. SURFACESS
•Costal surface ->
The costal surface is concave and is directed
medially and forword
•Dorsal surface ->
The dorsal surface gives attachment to the
spine of scapula

6. Dorsal surface Costal surface

7. BORDERS
Superior border – thin and shorter
Lateral Border – thick
Medial border- thin

8. ANGLES
• Superior angle:- coverd by trapezius
• Inferior angle :- coverd by latissimus dorsi
• Lateral :- lateral angle is broad and bears the
glenoid cavity of fossa

9. PROCESSES
• SPINUS PROCESS:- triangular plate of bone with three border and two
surfaces
• ACROMINE PROCESS:- two border lateral and midial two surfaces superior
and inferior
• CORACOID PROCESS:- finger like structure

11. Muscles of scapular region are
1. Deltoid
2. Supraspinatus
3. Infraspinatus
4. Teres minor
5. Subscapularis
6. Teres major

12. DELTOID MUSCLE
Shape – Delta like or
triangular.
Origin ~
Anterior surface and lateral one-third
of the clavicle.
Lateral border of the Acromion process.
Lower lip of the crest of spine of scapula.

13. Insertion ~
Deltoid tuberosity of humerus.
Nerve Supply ~
Axillary nerve (C5,C6)
Action ~
Anterior part: Flexes and internally rotates arm.
Posterior part: Extends and externally rotates
arm.
Middle part: Abducts the arm.

14. •Bones : Upper end of Humerus and Coracoid
Process.
•Muscles :
Insertion of –
1. Coracoid process - Pectoralis minor
2. Greater tubercle - Supraspinatus,
Infraspinatus and Teres minor
3. Lesser tubercle - Subscapularis
4. Intertubercular sulcus - Pectoralis major, Teres
major and Latissimus dorsi

15. Origin of –
1. Coracoid process - Coracobrachialis and short
head of Biceps brachii
2. Supraglenoid tubercle - Long head of Biceps
brachii
3. Infraglenoid tubercle - Long head of Triceps
brachii
4. Humerus - Lateral head of Triceps brachii
•Vessels : Anterior and posterior Circumflex
humeral.

16. •Nerve : Axillary nerve (C5 & C6).
•Joints : Shoulder joint and Musculotendinous
cuff joint.
•Ligament : Coracoacromial ligament.
•Bursae : Subscapular, Infraspinatus,
Subacromial or Subdeltoid bursa.

17. •Origin : Medial two-thirds of
Supraspinous fossa of Scapula.
•Insertion : Upper impression on
the Greater tubercle
of humerus.
•Nerve supply : Suprascapular nerve (C5,C6)
•Actions : It is attached to upper head of
humerus , along with Deltoid it
abducts arm (at shoulder joint).

18. •Origin : Medial two-third of
the Infraspinous fossa.
•Insertion : Middle impression
of the Greater tubercle
of humerus.
•Nerve supply : Suprascapular nerve (C5,C6).
•Action : Lateral rotator of arm (at shoulder
joint)

19. •Origin : Upper two-third of
the Dorsal surface of lateral
border of the scapula.
•Insertion : Lowest impression
on the Greater tubercle of the Humerus.
•Nerve supply : Axillary nerve (C5,C6).
•Action : Lateral rotator of arm(at shoulder
joint).

20. •Origin : Medial two-third
of the subscapular fossa.
•Insertion : Lesser tubercle
of the humerus.
•Nerve supply : Upper & lower Subscapular
nerves (C5,C6).
•Actions : Medial rotator and adductor of arm.

21. •Origin : Lower one-third of
dorsal surface, lateral border
& inferior angle of Scapula.
•Insertion : Medial lip of Bicipital
groove of humerus.
•Nerve supply : Lower Subscapular nerve
(C5,C6).
•Action : Medial rotator, adductor & extensor of
arm.

22. ~ Intramuscular injections are given into Deltoid
muscle.
~ Deltoid muscle is tested by abducting the arm
against resistance.
~ Axillary nerve may get damaged due to
Shoulder dislocation or fracture in Surgical
neck of humerus.
EFFECTS-
a. Rounded contour of shoulder is lost, greater tubercle
become prominent.
b. Deltoid is paralyzed, abduction power is lost up to
90˚ at shoulder.

23. Musculotendinous Cuff of the Shoulder
~Also called as Rotator Cuff.
~It is a fibrous sheath formed by four flattened
tendons.
~Subscapularis, Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus &
~Teres minor form Rotator Cuff.
Subacromial Bursa
~It is the largest Bursa of body.
~Situation: below Coracoacromial arch and
Deltoid muscle.

24. SCAPULAR REGION JOINTS

25. .INTRODUCTION
1 .ENTHRORADIAL OR BALL AND SOCKET JOINT
2.BONES INVOLVE
-Globular head of humerus
-Glenoid cavity of scapula
3.Protect against displacement by the tendons and by atmospheric pressure
4.Ligaments around the joint limits the joint movement
-capsular
-coracohumeral
-transverse humeral
-glenoid ligament

26. ARTICULATING SURFACE
• The glenohumeral joint is the main articulation of the shoulder joint.it
is the multitaxial ball and socket joint synovial joint formed by the
articular surfaces of the glenoid cavity and the head of the humerus.
• This articulation is called glenohumeral articulation.
• The articular surface is by hyaline articular cartilage.

29. JOINTS OF THE SCAPULA
• Shoulder girdle is composed of the clavicle and the scapula ,which
articulate with the humerus .
• There are four joints are present in the shoulder
1 Sternoclavicular
2 Acromioclavicular
3 Scapulothoracic joints
4 Glenohumeral joint

30. STERNOCLAVICULAR JOINT
• Sternoclavicular joint is formed from the articulation of the three
bones :
• Manubrium , clavicle , first rib costal cartilage .
•JOINT CAPSULE
• The sternoclavicularjoint capsule is fairly strong but dependent on the
ligaments for the majority of its support.

31. •Ligaments
• Anterior sternoclavicular ligament
• Posterior sternoclavicular ligament
• Costoclavicular ligament
• Interclavicular ligament
•MUSCLES ATTACH
• Deltoid
• Pectoralis major
• Trapezius
• Sternocleidomastoid
• Subclavius

32. ACROMIOCLAVICULAR JOINT
• It is articulate with the lateral end of the clavicle with the acromion process
of the scapula .acromial clavicular joint is surrounded by a capsule and
lined by synovial membrane .
• Three main ligament are stablize the joint . The superior and posterior
ligament are the strongest and it mainly serves to provide horizontal
stability .
•BLOOD SUPPLY
• Branches from the suprascapular artery ,which originates from the
subclavian artery and thoracoacromial arteries ,which originates from 2
main blood vessels that provide vascular supply to the acromialclavicular
joint .

33. •NERVES
• Acromioclavicularjoint is innervated by articular branches of the
subscapular,axillary,and lateral pectoral nerve arises from the brachial
plexus.
•CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
• Sprains or dislocation are common.
•MUSCLES ATTACH
• Pectoralis major
• Sternocleidomastoid
• Deltoid
• Trapezius

34. Scapulothoracic joint
• It is formed by the convex surface of the posterior thoracic cage and
the concave surface of the anterior scapula .it is not a true anatomic
joint as it has none of the ususal joint characterstic .
• It is an articulation of the scapula with the thorax which depends on
the integrity of the anatomic acromioclavicular and sternoclavicular
joints .
•FUNCTION
• AVAIBALITY OF MOTION ..
• The wide range of motion available to the shoulder joint is due to the
large movement available at scapulothoracicjoint

35. MUSCLES ATTACH
• Trapizeus muscles
• Serratus anterior muscles
• Subscapularis muscle
• Deltoid muscle

36. GLENOHUMERAL JOINT
• It is a type of ball and socket joint that include a complex ,dynamic
,articulation between the glenoid of the scapula and the proximal
humerus. specifically ,it is the head of the humerus that contacts the
glenoid cavity of the scapula .
•MUSCLES ATTACH
• Supraspinatus
• Infraspinatus
• Teres minor
• subscapularis

37. BURSAE AND LIGAMENT
• Subacromial bursa
• Subcoracoid bursa
• Subscapular bursa
• Glenohumeral ligament
• Coracoclavicular ligament
• Coracohumeral ligament .

38. ANASTOMOSIS AROUND THE
SCAPULA

39. OUTCOMES :
• Anastomosis around the shoulder joint .
• Arteries involved in the anastomosis of shoulder joint .
• Imoprtance of anatomosis around shoulder joint .

40. WHAT IS ANASTOMOSIS ?
• Communication between the neighbouring vessesls .circulation
through anastomosis is called collater circulation .
• The scapular anastomosis is a system connecting certain subclavian
artery and their corresponding axillary artery forming a circulatory
anastomosis around the scapula it is allow blood to flow past the joint
in case of occlusion ,damage ,or pinching of the following scapular
arteries :transverse cervical artery .

41. ANASTOMOSIS AROUND SHOULDER
JOINT
• There are three anastomosis around shoulder joint :
• 1 SCAPULAR ANASTOMOSIS
• 2 ACROMIAL ANASTOMOSIS
• 3 ANASTOMOSIS AROUND SURGICAL NECK OF HUMERUS

42. THE SCAPULAR ANASTOMOSIS
• Occur in three fossa : subscapular , supraspinous and infraspinous
• Between the first part of subclavian artery and the third part of the axillary
artery and decending thoracic aorta
• SUBCLAVIAN ARTERY BRANCHES
• - The deep branch of transverse cervical artery
• (A) arises from the thyrocervical trunk.
• (B) Descends along medial border of scapula to reach the inferior angle .
• - Suprascapular artery
• (A) Arises from thyrocervical trunk
• (B) passes above the suprascapular ligament to reach supraspinous fossa
• (C) through the supraglenoid notch to reach infraspinous fossa

43. BRANCHES FROM THE DECENDING
THORACIC AORTA:
• -Posterior intercoastal arteries
• Importance of anastomosis around shoulder joint
• Secures blood supply to the upper limb in case of obstruction of the artery.
• The shoulder joint has a wide range of movement .
• If , due to any reason ,the axillary supply to the shoulder region is interrupted
• The subclavian supply to the region will compensate the interuption or
blockage
• It’s the important clinical co –relation of anastomosis.
•
THANKYOU

44. AXILLARY ARTERY BRANCHES
(A) Subscapular artery
-give circumference scapular artery
-descends along the lateral border of the scapula
(B ) Anterior circumflex humeral artery
(C ) Posterior circumflex humeral artery

45. Anastomosis around scapula [arteries]