2) By the mid-1950s, there was an increases study inFixed asset m.pdf

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2) By the mid-1950s, there was an increases study in: Fixed asset management: capital budgeting. Efficient utilization of current assets. Capital structure composition. Dividend policy How was this related to the study of finance? Solution Finance is a link between accounting, economics, and other related fields ofstudy.A financial manager must understand the Federal Reserve System, thecommercial banking system, and the interrelationships between various sectorsof the economy.BThe financial manager must know how to interpret and use financial statementsin assessing the firm’s performance and allocating the firm’s financial resourcesto generate the best return possible in the long run.C.The demand for financial management skills exists in many sectors of oursociety including corporate management, financial institutions, and consulting..Evolution of the Field of FinanceA.The field of finance is closely tied to economics and accounting but achievedrecognition as a separate field of study in response to the mergers, acquisitionsand growth of corporations in the early 1900s.B.As a result of the Great Depression, emphasis shifted from raising capital, tocapital preservation, maintenance of liquidity, and increased governmentintervention in the financial aspects of businesses.C.By the mid-1950s the field of finance had become more decision oriented withan emphasis on the analysis of resource utilization within the firm. Thisdecision- making focus was manifested in the increased study of:1.Fixed asset management:capital budgeting.2.Efficient utilization of current assets.3.Capital structure composition..

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Assignment 1: Discussion Question The management of current assets and current liabilities in the short run can lead to several challenges for the financial manager. What are some of the more common challenges or problems encountered by the firm in this regard, and what are the possible solutions? Explain your answers. Assignment 2: Discussion Question Financial mangers make decisions today that will affect the firm in the future. The dollars used for investment expenditures made today are different from the cash flows to be realized in the future. What are these differences? What are some of the techniques that can be used to adjust for these differences? Assignment 3: Discussion Question Valuation of a firm’s financial assets is said to be based on what is expected in the future, in terms of the future performance of the firm, the industry, and the economy. What types of value would you consider when assigning “value” to a firm’s stock or bond? What is the significance of each of the different types of value in the valuation process? Use examples to support your response. Assignment 4: Discussion Question The finance department of a large corporation has evaluated a possible capital project using the NPV method, the Payback Method, and the IRR method. The analysts are puzzled, since the NPV indicated rejection, but the IRR and Payback methods both indicated acceptance. Explain why this conflicting situation might occur and what conclusions the analyst should accept, indicating the shortcomings and the advantages of each method. Assuming the data is correct, which method will most likely provide the most accurate decisions and why? Course Overview (1 of 3) Defining Finance Broadly defined, finance is the study of how people manage scarce resources in general, and money and other financial resources in particular. There are two important features that distinguish financial decisions from other types of decisions. The benefits and costs of financial decisions are spread out over time and usually shrouded in uncertainty. These decisions are made in a financial environment that includes the financial system, institutions, markets, and participants such as individual households, businesses, and governments. It is important to note that a well developed and properly functioning financial system enables the economy to operate efficiently and contributes to the economic growth and development of the country. Brief History of Finance Finance emerged as a separate field of study in the U.S. in the early 1900s. At that time finance was taught primarily as a descriptive subject using anecdotes and rules of thumb. The focus at that time was on the formation of new firms, the various types of securities firms can issue to raise funds and the legal aspects of mergers and acquisitions. This continued to be the focus all through the 1920s. However, during the 1930s the focus shifted to the study of bankruptcy and reorganization, corporate liqu ...

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1. GLOBAL IMBALANCES 1.1 Cheap But Flighty: How Global Imbalances Create Financial Fragility by Toni Ahnert and Enrico Perotti Bank of Canada Working Paper 2015-33 https://www.bankofcanada.ca/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/wp2015-33.pdf August 2015 How a wealth shift to emerging countries may lead to instability in developed countries. Investors exposed to expropriation risk are willing to pay a safety premium to invest in countries with good property rights. Domestic intermediaries compete for such cheap funding by carving out safe claims, which requires demandable debt. While foreign inflows allow countries to expand their domestic credit, risk-intolerant foreign investors withdraw even under minimal uncertainty. We show that more foreign funding causes larger and more frequent runs. Beyond some scale, even risk-tolerant domestic investors are induced to withdraw to avoid dilution. As excess liquidation causes social losses, a domestic planner may seek prudential measures on the scale of foreign inflows. Topics to study: · Investment / risk - relationship · Global Imbalances · Factors to attract foreign investment · Safety-seeking foreign funding 1. An increasing scale of foreign funding may induce runs even by risk-tolerant investors since they seek to avoid dilution. 2. Result supports a mandate for introducing a macroprudential regulator to oversee the nature of foreign inflows because the socially preferred funding structure would involve less credit volume and more stability than the private choice. 3. Global imbalances shaped the credit boom and, ultimately, the financial crisis 4. The accumulation of wealth in countries with a weak protection of property rights creates a demand for absolute safety provided by intermediaries in developed countries. 5. The safety-seeking nature of foreign flows creates risk. 1.2 Global Imbalances and the Financial Crisis: Products of Common Causes Maurice Obstfeld and Kenneth Rogoff University of California, Berkeley, and Harvard University. Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/rogoff/files/global_imbalances_and_financial_crisis_0.pdf November 2009 This paper makes a case that the global imbalances of the 2000s and the recent global financial crisis are intimately connected. Both have their origins in economic policies followed in a number of countries in the 2000s and in distortions that influenced the transmission of these policies through U.S. and ultimately through global financial markets. In the U.S., the interaction among the Fed’s monetary stance, global real interest rates, credit market distortions, and financial innovation created the toxic mix of conditions making the U.S. the epicenter of the global financial crisis. Outside the U.S., exchange rate and other economic policies followed by emerging markets such as China contributed to the United States’ ability to borrow cheaply abroad and thereby finance its unsustainable housing bubble. Topics to st ...

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I need help with this two methods in java. Here are the guidelines. The methods private int stringHash(String s) and private int RabinKarpHashes(String s, int[] hashes, int pos, int length). EmployeeManager EmployeeManager - employees : Employee[] - employeeMax : final int = 10 -currentEmployees : int <> EmployeeManager + addEmployee( type : int, fn : String, ln : String, m : char, g : char, en : int, ft : boolean, amount : double) + removeEmployee( index : int) + listAll() + listHourly() + listSalary() + listCommision() + resetWeek() + calculatePayout() : double + getIndex( empNum : int ) : int + annualRaises() + holidayBonuses() : double + increaseHours( index : int, amount : double) + increaseSales( index : int, amount : double) + findAllBySubstring(find : String) : Employee[] - RabinKarp(name : String, find : String) : int - stringHash(s : String) : int - charNumericValue(c : char) : int - RabinKarpHashes(s : String, hashes : int[], pos : int, length : int) : int - linearSearchRecursive(nameHashes : int[], findHash : int, pos : int) : int public EmployeeManager() Constructor, creates the Employee array, sets currentEmployees to 0. public void addEmployee(int, String, String, char, char, int, Boolean, double) Takes an int representing the type of Employee to be added (1 – Hourly, 2 – Salary, 3 – Commission) as well as the required data to create that Employee. If one of these values is not passed output the line, “Invalid Employee Type, None Added”, and exit the method. If an Employee with the given Employee Number already exists do not add the Employee and output the line, “Duplicate Not Added”, and exit the method. If the array is at maximum capacity do not add the new Employee, and output the line, \"Cannot add more Employees\". public void removeEmployee(int) Removes an Employee located at the given index from the Employee array. public void listAll() Lists all the current Employees. Outputs there are none if there are none. public void listHourly() Lists all the current HourlyEmployees. Outputs there are none if there are none. public void listSalary() Lists all the current SalaryEmployees. Outputs there are none if there are none. public void listCommission() Lists all the current CommissionEmployees. Outputs there are none if there are none. public void resetWeek() Resets the week for all Employees. public double calculatePayout() Returns the total weekly payout for all Employees. public int getIndex(int) Given an Employee Number, returns the index of that Employee in the array, if the Employee doesn’t exist retuns -1. public void annualRaises() Applies annual raise to all current Employees. public double holidayBonuses() Outputs and returns the total holiday bonus of all Employees. public void increaseHours(int, double) Increase the hours worked of the Employee at the given index by the given double amount. public void increaseSales(int, double) Increase the sales of the Employee at the given index by the given double amount. publi.

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How would you design an experiment to test whether M-CSF growth factor receptor signaling is dependent on dimerization of the receptor? Solution Answer: M-CSF growth factor receptor is a member of a family of homodimeric cytokines that share some sequence and structural similarity. Binding of its cognate bivalent ligands by this class of receptors stabilizes their non-covalent dimerization, permitting receptor activation and trans- tyrosine phosphorylation of one ICD (Intra-cellular domain) by the other. Once the growth factor has bound to and activated the receptor, newly phosphorylated tyrosine residues on the intracellular carboxy terminus of the receptor serve as binding sites for cytosolic or membrane-associated proteins that contain phosphotyrosine-binding domains. The best characterized of these domains are the rc-omology 2 (SH2) domains that share characteristic features first described in the phosphotyrosine-binding region of the cytosolic tyrosine kinase. Mona/Gads is a Grb2-related, Src homology 3 (SH3) and SH2 domain-containing adapter protein whose expression is restricted to cells of hematopoietic lineage. It is known to interact with the phosphorylated Y697 site of the M-CSFR. A simple experment to test that M-CSF growth factor receptor signaling is dependent on dimerization of the receptor is as follows: 1. Preparation of a WT (which can dimerize) and mutant version of M-CSF receptor such that it cannot dimerize. This can be done through over expression of the protein in insect cells (Sf9 cells) with FLAG-tag and judging for the oligomeric state through size exclusion chromatography (FPLC). (The insect cells sholud be co-infected with the kinase baculovirus as well, if the insect cells doesn\'t contain the same. This would facilitate phosphorylation of ICD) 2. Both the receptors can be purified and a Co-Immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) experiment can be performed with purified Mona/Gads or with cell extracts expressing the same. 3. After elution, a western blot can be performed and probed for the FLAG-tagged receptors. The dimerized WT receptor should bind to Mona/Gads and appear as bands in the western blot after developing, whereas the monomeric form should not show up in the blot. This would prove that Mana/Gads binds to dimeric receptor as compared to the monomeric form and facilitate the downstream signaling cascades. Similar experiments can be performed in-vivo, such as in HEK293 or HeLa cells by overexpressing tagged receptor and Mona/Gads and probing for the binding through western blot..

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Ethidium homodimer is responsible for the red color observed. How is it able to cross an intact plasma membrane? a. binds to calcein b. it can\'t c. esterase d. binds to flippase Solution 1. Calcein, is a green membrane permeable flourescent dye that is hydrolyzed by esterase, causing it to become negatively charged and be retained in the cytoplasm, along with ethidium homodimer, a positively charged flourecent nucleic acid stain that cannot cross intact cell membranes..

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BMP signaling can be fine-tuned at the level of Smad1/5/8 linker phosphorylation. Discuss Briefly describe the Spemann Organizer graft experiment and outcomes. Solution A). Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) are a group of signalling molecules that belongs to the transforming growth factors.These proteins are important in embryogenesis& development,also in maintenance of adult tissue homeostasis.BMP signalling pathway components resulting in embryonic lethality or marked defects is shown by \"MOUSE KNOCKOUT\" model.BMPs signal via canonical pathways or non- canonical pathway(Smad- dependent pathway).In canonical pathway, BMPs are initiated by signal transduction cascade binding to typeI or typeII serine/threonine kinase receptors and thus form heterotetrameric complex.Consitutively,active type II receptor transphosphorylates the type I receptor & then typeI receptor phosphorylates the receptor-regulated Smads (R-Smads 1//5/8).R-Smads associates with smad4 and further associates with coactivators or core pressers to regulate gene expression.Smad1 linker phosphorylation acts as interdependent inputs to control BMP signalling.The interplay between linker phosphorylation,ubiquitination& nucleoporin exclusion enables regulation of BMP action by diverse signals.Secreted proteins that trap BMPs to modulate their interaction with membrane receptors & specific protease a that control the activity of these BMP traps establish a fine-tuning of BMP activity in developing tissues. B) Spemann Organizer Graft Experiment with outcomes- Experiment was performed in 1942. Mangold with Spemann used salamander eggs of species that differed in their pigmentation.They demonstrated that the graft became notochord yet induced neighbouring cells to change fates because the fate of transplanted cells could be traced during development.The neighbouring cella adopted differentiation pathways that were more dorsal & produced tissues such as central nervous system,somites& kidneys.The transplanted cells organize a perfect dorsal-ventral & anterior-posterior pattern in induced tissues.Their experiment established the key importance of cell -cell inductions during animal development..

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Collected from flower of mountain laurel (Kalmia latifolia) plant. The local media features the work of your team on their nightly news. During a live interview the reporter asks you to explain this organism\'s development. How would you respond? Solution Kalmialatifolia, commonly known as Mountain laurels\', a broad leaved evergreen shrub found in the eastern united states. Field Classification of Kalmia latifolia: Domain: Eukaryote Kingdom: Plantae (Plants) Phylum: Anthophyta Class: Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledons).

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