anatomy of male reproductive system

3. Testis
The testes (plural for testis) are the two oval-shaped male
internal genital organs that produce sperm and the
hormone testosterone, and lies within the scrotum. The
left testis lies slightly lower than the right.
Each testis is made of tightly coiled structures called
seminiferous tubules, to which, there are adjacent cells
called Leydig cells or interstitial cells of Leydig and these
interstitial cells produce testosterone in the presence of
luteinizing hormone (LH).
sertoli cells that produce sperms. The seminiferous
tubules open into a series of channels called the rete
testis.
Covering the testis is a thick fibrous tissue, the tunica
albuginea.

5. Epididymis
The epididymis is a firm single tube of about 7 meters long,
highly coiled and packed together by fibrous tissue.
It is attached behind the testis with the efferent ductules to
its medial side. The epididymis acts as a site for maturation
and storage of spermatozoa.
The three parts are the head, body, and tail.
The vas deferens is continuous with the epididymis at the tail.

6. Vas (ductus) deferens
The ductus deferens is the continuation of the duct of the
epididymis. The vas deferens has a relatively thick
muscular wall and a minute lumen.
It begins at the tail of the epididymis, at the level of the
inferior pole of the testis and ascends posterior to the
testis, medial to the epididymis.
It forms the primary component of the spermatic cord.
The vas deferens runs further upwards and enlarges to
form the ampulla of ductus deferens before
terminating by joining the duct of the seminal gland to
form the ejaculatory duct.

7. Seminal glands (seminal vesicles)
The seminal vesicle is an elongated structure
aproximately 5cm long, and lies between the fundus of
the bladder and the rectum
. The seminal glands are obliquely placed superior to the
prostate and do not store sperm, but rather, they
secrete a thick alkaline fluid with fructose (an energy
source for sperm), and a coagulating agent that mixes
with the sperms as they pass into the ejaculatory ducts
and urethra.
The superior ends of the seminal vesicles are covered
with peritoneum. The duct of the seminal gland joins
the ductus deferens to form the ejaculatory duct.

9. Ejaculatory ducts
These structures are slender tubes that arise by
the union of the ducts of the vas deferens and
seminal vesicle.
It is about 2.5cm long and arises near the neck
of the bladder. The ejaculatory ducts run to
pierce the prostate and empty into the
urethra that runs through the prostate gland.

10. Prostate (prostate gland)
• The prostate gland is about 3cm long, 4cm wide and 2cm in
anteroposterior (AP) depth, and it is the largest accessory gland of
the male reproductive system.
• The prostate can be divided in two ways: by zone, or by lobe.
• Zones
• Peripheral zone (PZ) - It is from this portion of the gland that ~70–
80% of prostatic cancers originate.present at periphery.
• Central zone (CZ) - This zone surrounds the ejaculatory ducts.
• Transition zone (TZ) - The transition zone surrounds the proximal
urethra and is the region of the prostate gland that grows
throughout life and is responsible for the disease of benign
prostatic enlargement.
• Anterior fibro-muscular zone (or stroma) - This zone is usually
devoid of glandular components, and composed only, as its name
suggests, of muscle and fibrous tissue.

13. • Lobes
• Anterior lobe (or isthmus)-roughly corresponds to part of transitional
zone
• Posterior lobe-roughly corresponds to peripheral zone
• Lateral lobes-spans all zones
• Median lobe (or middle lobe)-roughly corresponds to part of central zone
The prostate is surrounded by a capsule, the fibrous capsule of the prostate,
which contains the blood vessels and nerves of the prostate.
This fibrous capsule is, in turn, surrounded by the visceral layer of the pelvic
fascia, forming a fibrous prostatic sheath.
The prostate mainly functions to secrete a milky fluid that adds about 20% to
the volume of semen. This milky fluid also plays a role in the activation of
spermatozoa.
The prostatic ducts, which are about 20-30 in number, open mainly into the
prostatic sinuses that lie on either sides of the seminal colliculus on the
posterior wall of the prostatic urethra.

16. Bulbo-urethral glands
These are the third accessory glands of the male
reproductive system, and they are also called the
Cowper glands.
They are small round structures about 1cm long,
that lie posterolateral to the intermediate part of
the urethra.
They empty directly into the urethra and secrete
slippery fluids that lubricate the glans penis when
the penis is erect.

17. Penis
This is the male copulatory organ. It has a long shaft or body
and an enlarged bulbous-shaped tip called the glans penis,
which is prolonged by a foreskin called the prepuce in
uncircumcised males.
The penis consists of an attached root (radix) (consisting of
the bulb of the penis with a cruras on each side) in the
perineum and a free, body (corpus or shaft) which is
completely covered with skin
It contains spongy tissues that becomes turgid and erect
when filled with blood. Erectile tissues of the penis include
the corpus spongiosum and corpora cavernosa.

21. Scrotum
The scrotum is the pouch-like structure formed
from the lower part of the abdominal wall and
hangs behind the penis. It houses and protects
the testes and spermatic cords, and keeps the
testes at a temperature of about 2-4°C lower
than the body temperature

22. Part of sacrotum sac