2. Settlement – Site and Situation Gap Wet Point Dry Point Route Centre Hill Foot What do these words mean?
3. Urban Structure Describe the location of each land use… and give one reason why each is located where it is.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8. Industry – Industrial Location Deciding factors for the location of a new factory Suitable site, flat etc. Suitable labour force Links with other firms… for raw materials etc Transport links Government assistance, e.g. Enterprise Zones Market, access to customers Raw materials
9.
10.
11. Effects of Industry Complete the table by choosing whether these problems are of a Social, Economic or Environmental nature. New industries unwilling to set up in area Polluted land and rivers left behind Rise in crime rates Loss of jobs Houses left empty are vandalised Closure of services Depression Break up of families People have less money to spend Large areas of waste-land Answer Consequence of Decline
12.
13. Possible answers include: Too much pollution (1) Traffic congestion (1) Shortage of land (1) High crime rate (1) Unemployment caused by shop closures (1) due to out of town shopping centres (1). 3 KU Model Answer (Foundation, 2007, Q.5b) Name three problems for businesses and workers in the Central Business District (CBD) (3).
14. Describe the methods used to limit the growth of large urban areas such as Greater Manchester (4). Model Answer (General, 2000, Q.5b) Possible answers include: ‘ Green Belt’ designed to limit the amount of development allowed around the city (1). Regeneration in the city centre – encourage development on Brownfield sites (1). Increase Council Tax in the suburban areas (encouraging people to stay put within the city if prices are lower there) (1). Government incentives – money given to businesses choosing to locate within the existing city boundaries (1). 4KU
15. Answer must explain changes! Shopping centres under cover so provide more pleasant shopping environment (1) and easier for shoppers if all shops are in a compact area rather than spread out along a street (1). Shops are closing down due to more out-of-town shopping centres (1) which are more accessible by car and convenient to get to (1). The buildings left are used for other purposes – usually entertainment (1). High parking charges to discourage motorists from taking cars into the CBD (1), so reducing traffic congestion (1). One way streets to allow traffic to flow more freely (1). Pedestrianised areas to increase safety for shoppers and reduce air pollution (2). New buildings are often multi-storey because there is a high demand for land in CBD and no room to expand sideways (2). 5 KU In recent years many changes have taken place in the Central Business Districts of British cities. Give reasons for these changes (5). Model Answer (Credit, 2007, Q.5)
