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1. T r a d i t i o n a l s y s t e m o f m e d i c i n e
Pharmacognosy Chapter 7

2. 01
02
03
Ayurveda system of medicine
Siddha system of medicine
Unani system of medicine
Conten
t

3. 01
The term "Ayurveda" combines the Sanskrit word ayur (life) and veda (science or knowledge)
Ayurveda, a natural system of medicine, originated in India more than 3,000 years ago.According to Ayurvedic theory,
everyone is made of a combination of five elements: air, water, fire, earth, and space. These elements combine in the
body to form three energies or life forces, called doshas: vata, kapha, and pitta. Although there is a unique mix of the three
dosha.
Ayurveda system of medicine

4. Those with the vata dosha are usually described as slim, energetic, and creative. They’re known for
thinking outside the box but can become easily distracted. What’s more, their mood is highly
dependent on the weather, people around them, and foods they eat.
Vata
Strengths: learn quickly, highly creative, multitasker, kind-hearted, flexible, “on the go,”
naturally slim
Weaknesses: forgetful, anxious, unstable mood, can get overwhelmed easily, highly sensitive
to the cold, has trouble sleeping, irregular appetite and eating patterns, prone to digestive
issues and gas, poor circulation.

5. People with pitta are said to usually have a muscular build, be very athletic, and serve as strong
leaders. They’re highly motivated, goal-oriented, and competitive. Still, their aggressive and
tenacious nature can be off-putting to some people, which can lead to conflictThose
Pitta
Strengths: intelligent, purposeful, learns quickly, self-determined, masters skills easily, strong desire for
success, strong, natural leaders, quick metabolism, good circulation, healthy skin and hair
Weaknesses: impatient, prone to conflict, always hungry, mood swings when hungry, prone to acne and
inflammation, sensitive to hot temperatures

6. People with this dosha are described as strong, thick-boned, and caring. They’re known for keeping
things together and being a support system for others. Kapha-dominant people rarely get upset,
think before acting, and go through life in a slow, deliberate manner
Kapha
Strengths: empathetic, caring, trusting, patient, calm, wise, happy, romantic, strong bones and
joints, healthy immune system
Weaknesses: prone to weight gain, slow metabolism, sluggishness, over-sleeping, breathing
issues (i.e., asthma, allergies), higher risk of heart disease, mucus buildup, susceptible to
depression, needs regular motivation and encouragementStrengths

7. Methods of Diagnosis in Ayurveda
An Ayurvedic clinical examination includes three diagnostic methods
(trividhapariksha):
1. Inspection (Darshana): Involves observation of the body parts, for example,
skin, hair, eyes, and tongue.
2. Palpation (Sparsana): Includes pulse & palpation of body parts (wrist pulse,
abdominal palpation etc.).
3. Questioning (Prasna): Understanding the medical history, symptoms, mental
and physical state of the patient are covered during the questioning stage.People

8. 02 Siddha system of medicine
Siddha medicine is a traditional medicine originating in South India.. it is one of the oldest
systems of medicine in India.
Practitioners of Siddha medicine are known as siddhars (or siddhas). According to Tamil
tradition, there initially were 18 siddhars; these individuals often are portrayed as having
received their knowledge of the Siddha system indirectly from the deity Shiva.
Siddhars possessed ashtama siddhi, the eight great supernatural powers
Agastyar, also known as Agasthya, is thought to be the founder of the Siddha medical system.

9. History of Siddha
The legend goes that Lord Shiva himself passed down the knowledge of Siddha to Agastya. And
Agastya, who is also thought to be the creator of the Tamil language, wrote books on medicine and
surgery that are still being used by Siddha practitioners today.
"Principles of Siddha
The Siddha system of medicine sees the individual as a microcosm of the universe, which is
made up of the five natural elements: earth, fire, air, water and space; and three humours:
vatham (movement), pitham (digestion or metabolism) and kapham.

10. "According to Siddha, seven different elements of the human body—in different permutations and
combinations—make up the physiological and psychological functioning of an individual:
Saram: Plasma that is behind the growth of a human body and its development and nourishment
Cheneer: Blood, that flows to different parts of the body to nourish, purify and rejuvenate them
Ooun: Muscles, that form the shape of the human body

11. Kollzuppu: Fatty tissue, which lubricates the joints and protects them
wear
Enbu: Bone, which gives the human body its structure and posture th
enables its movement
Moolai: Nerves, which give the body its strength
Sukila: Semen, which is responsible for reproduction"

12. "Basics of Siddha
To diagnose an illness under the Siddha system of medicine, the Siddha
practitioner will analyse the patient's pulse, skin, tongue, complexion,
speech, eye, stool and urine, also known as the eight types of examinati
with pulse assuming the highest importance while providing a diagnosis.

13. "The drugs are classified into three categories:
Thaavaram: Made of herbal products
Thaathu: Made of inorganic substances
Jangamam: Made of animal products"
"Siddha medicines are also broken up based on five different properties:
Suvai (taste) Veerya (potency)
Pirivu (class) Guna (character)
Mahimai (action)

14. Treatment in Siddha medicine
Treatment under the Siddha branch of medicine focuses on three different
categories:
Deva maruthuvam, or the divine method, which focuses on the use of medicines
derived from metals and minerals such as mercury and sulphur.
Maanida maruthuvam, or the rational method, which uses medicines made of
herbs.
Asura maruthuvam, or the surgical method, which looks at performing incisions,
applying heat, the application of leeches or bloodletting.

15. 03 Unani system of medicine
Unani medicine, also called Unani tibb, Arabian medicine.Aesculapius is
credited as originator of this system. Buqrat (better known as Hippocrates,
460-377 BC) is said to be a descendent of Aesculapius and recognised as
‘father of Unani medicine'.
Unani medicine developed in the four time periods each in a
different geographical belt:
Greek period Spanish period
Arab-Persian period Indian period

16. The history of Unani medicine can be characterized by the work of its
practitioners, or hakims, who relied on natural healing based on
principles of harmony and balance, uniting the physical, mental, and
spiritual realms.
Basics of unani medicine
Health is based on six essential elements:
1.Air
2.Drinks and food
3.Sleep and wakefulness
4.Excretion and retention
5.Physical activity and retention
6.Mental activity and rest

17. Diagnosis
Classical diagnosis in Unani system is based on examination of pulse,
stool and urine in addition to routine physical checkup.
Modes of treatment
There are three modes of treatment in Unani system:
Regimental therapy (Ilajbil tadbeer) – Use of exercise, climate change
massage, venesection, leaching, cupping, diet therapy etc.
Pharmacotherapy (Ilajbil dava) – use of drugs of plant, animal and
mineral origin, either alone or in combination.
Surgery (Ilajbil Yad) – Surgical intervention in treatment as last resort.

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