1.1 land transport.pptx shows how land transpor is good
1.
2. Innovative and efficient transportation from
one place to another has been the
inspiration for inventions and new
technologies for hundreds of years.
3. Land transportation is used
for the movement of
people, animals, and goods
from one location to
another. For centuries,
people have relied on land
transportation to trade
goods, to travel from place
to place and to stay
connected with one
another.
4. Transportation is important because it allows trade between
people, which helps promote interstate commerce and
globalization. Walking and swimming were the first ways humans
traveled across land. The domestication of animals introduced a
new way to transport goods, allowing heavier loads to be hauled,
and gave humans the ability to ride the animals for quicker and
for longer distances.
5. Inventions such as the
wheel and sled soon
helped make animal
transport more efficient as
goods could be transported
with their use. Water
transport, including rowed
and sailed vessels, dates
back to the times of the
ancient caveman, and was
the easiest way to transport
large amounts of goods
over large distances before
the Industrial Revolution.
6. Types of Land transportation
Transportation can be broken up into three main categories:
vehicles, infrastructure, and operations. Vehicles are any
machine capable of carrying people and objects from one place
to another.
7. The success of the Industrial Revolution depended on the
ability to transport raw materials and finished goods over long
distances. There were three main types of transportation that
increased during the Industrial Revolution: waterways, roads,
and railroads.
9. Operations include the day-to-
day management and long term
planning that make
transportation. These operations
can include the employees who
run or manage public
transportation each day or those
responsible for timing and
planning stop lights at
intersections.
Operations
10. The investment in public
transportation options like buses
and subways vary from country
to country. Often, people who
live in rural communities with
smaller populations do not have
access to the commuter rail
services and other forms of
public transportation that help
individuals reach and move
within bigger cities.
11. Currently, more than three-fourths of
the world’s vehicles rely on fossil
fuels, or naturally occurring fuels
formed by the decomposition of
organisms over time. Scientists think
the 800 billion barrels of oil that are
left under ground will only last about
fifteen more years if fossil fuels
continue to be used at the same rate.
Because of this, the future of land
transportation will heavily depend on
how alternative energy sources can
be utilized.
12. Alternative
Energy
The alternative energy needed for
transportation will increasingly
come from electricity, hydrogen
and biofuels and naturally
occurring elements like wind and
solar power. Land transportation
will also be shaped by the
availability of more sustainable
vehicles that are lighter, powered
by smaller engines or alternative
means of propulsion.
13. The introduction of hybrid
vehicles, which are vehicles
that contain both an electric
motor and a gasoline
engine, are also options
becoming popular means of
transportation. Typically,
the act of braking is used to
help recharge the battery of
the electric motor.
14. . Another type of vehicle used more in the future will be the electric
vehicle or EV. The EV is a vehicle, which uses one or more
electric or traction motors for propulsion. In 1900, 34% of the cars
in Boston, Chicago, and New York were electric and almost half
had steam engines. Today, less than 1% of vehicles on American
roads are electric.
15. However, there is significant
concern about the energy
efficiency of hybrid vehicles.
Recent studies indicate that the
energy needed to produce and
charge an electric vehicle is
more environmentally
damaging than the use of
traditional internal combustion
engines. As such, a split may
emerge between short-range
urban cars and long-range
highway vehicles.
16. Since the creation of the first car, automobile ownership has allowed
humans to commute to better jobs, travel to exciting places, impress
others, and cover distances more quickly than ever before. In 2002,
there were 590 million automobiles in the world. By 2050 the United
Nations predicts there will be more than 9 billion people resulting in
nearly 4 billion vehicles on the roads. With more vehicles on the road
than ever before, the freedom of mobility once afforded to those who
owned cars is quickly deteriorating.
17. First Cycle Superhighway
Each year, more than 4.2 billion hours are lost
in traffic congestion, resulting in the waste of
2.8 billion gallons of fuel. Because
transportation in and around cities is becoming
more time consuming and environmentally
damaging, governments are investing in better
infrastructure to the use of public transportation
and cycling. The world’s first “cycle
superhighway” in Denmark is made up of 11
miles of smoothly paved paths, complete with
air pumps at each mile.
18. As an alternative to single person
rides, services that promote
carpooling or ridesharing are
becoming increasingly popular.
Zipcar, a membership-based car
sharing company, helps provide
automobile reservations to
members, with a fleet of self-service
vehicles.
19. At the same time new websites and
apps are trying to help individuals
connect and share rides. In efforts to
decrease traffic congestion, control fuel
usage and create a greener
environment, some governments have
turned to stricter regulations on single-
occupant drives, and vehicle fuel
emissions.
20. Autonomous vehicles, also known
as robot cars or driverless cars, are
being developed around the world.
Driverless cars will give people the
freedom to take their eyes off the
road to eat, read, talk on the phone
and more. With vehicle-to-vehicle
communication and vehicle-to-
vehicle infrastructure cars are able
to monitor their environments and
“talk” to one another as they travel.
These driverless vehicles are a
safe, stable option for those who
are unable to drive safely.
21.
22. In 2011, Nevada was the first state
in the U.S. to legalize driverless
vehicles on their roads. Smart cars
will also have the ability to form
road trains, which is also known as
"platooning" where vehicles form a
line one after another and rely on
the first, or front, car to navigate.
23. In Australia road trains are already
replacing railways as a means of
transporting goods on routes throughout
the center of the country. Soon, the visual
elements people rely on to drive like
speedometers, steering wheels, and rear-
view-mirrors may be eliminated from cars
entirely since they will not be needed.
Systems are also envisioned for driverless
cars that are guided by magnetic rails and
other forms of enhanced highways. By
2040 experts predict 75% of the cars on the
road may be driverless. These cars could
reduce car crashes by as much as 14%.
24. People continue to be fascinated with using new, innovative
ideas for vehicles and alternative transportation methods. Each
year car designs and inventions make people want to buy the
fastest, sleekest and most unique vehicles on the road.
However, more and more experts insist that there is a need to
completely rethink how and why people use transportation to
develop and inspire completely new ways travel by land.
25. As society becomes increasingly mobile-driven, even food
vendors and libraries have transitioned to wheels. Where will
the future of transportation take us? What are innovative
ideas already being tested?
26. What is the future of Land Transportation?
Are hybrids and fuel-efficient
vehicles the answer for the
future of transportation or
will regional air travel be a
cheaper, quicker, safer, and
more environmentally
friendly alternative to in the
years to come?