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Climate Impact of Software Testing
The document discusses the climate impact of software testing, emphasizing the importance of minimizing the carbon footprint in testing practices while promoting green ICT principles. It highlights various methods for sustainable software testing, including resource optimization, test automation, and early defect detection. Additionally, it outlines the author's credentials and initiatives aimed at advancing the understanding of sustainable testing methodologies and their role in combating climate change.
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Climate Impact of Software Testing
- 1. Climate Impact ofSoftware Testing Kari Kakkonen https://www.linkedin.com/in/karikakkonen/ Dragons Out Oy & Knowit Solutions Oy SANAE BEER.EX Bratislava 8.11.2023 © Dragons Out Oy & Knowit Solutions Oy 1
- 2. ROLES • Knowit SolutionsOy, Director of Training and Competences, Lead Consultant, Trainer and Coach • Children’s and testing author at Dragons Out Oy • TMMi, Board of Directors • Treasurer of Finnish Software Testing Board (FiSTB) ACHIEVEMENTS • Tester of the Year in Finland 2021 • EuroSTAR Testing Excellence Award 2021 • Exemplary DevOps Instructor Award 2023 by DASA • ISTQB Executive Committee 2015-2021 • Influencing testing since 1996 • Ranked in 100 most influential IT persons in Finland (Tivi magazine) • Great number of presentations in Finnish and international conferences • TestausOSY/FAST founding member. • Co-author of Agile Testing Foundations book • Regular blogger in Tivi-magazine Kari Kakkonen, Lead Testing Consultant SERVICES • ISTQB Advanced, Foundation, Agile Testing, AI Testing • Knowit Quality Professional • DASA DevOps • Quality & Test process and organization development, Metrics, TMMi and other assessments • Agile testing, Scrum, Kanban, Lean • Leadership • Test automation, Mobile, Cloud, DevOps, AI • Quality, cost, benefits EDUCATION • ISTQB Expert Level Test Management & Advanced Full & Agile Tester certified • DASA DevOps, Scrum Master and SAFe certified • TMMi Professional, Assessor, Process Improver certified • SPICE provisionary assessor certified • M.Sc.(Eng), Helsinki University of Technology (present Aalto University), Otaniemi, Espoo • Marketing studies, University of Wisconsin-Madison, the USA. BUSINESS DOMAINS Wide spread of business domain knowledge: Embedded, industry, public, training, telecommunications, commerce, Insurance, banking, pension. 7.11.2023 2 twitter.com/kkakkonen dragonsout.com act2lead.net MORE INFORMATION linkedin.com/in/karikakkonen/ © Copyright Knowit Trainings 2023
- 3. A Nordic powerhouse fordigital solutions 4 400+ Experts 6 countries SE, NO, FI, DK, DE, PL 613 MEUR Combined turnover 2022 4 business areas Solutions, Experience, Connectivity and Insight Nordic ESG-ambassador Clear vision to accelerate the UN sustainability agenda
- 4. The book project”Dragons Out!” • Mission • “Software testing brought to children” • Book • Author Kari Kakkonen • Illustrator Adrienn Széll • Text and illustration rights Dragons Out Oy • In Finnish, English, Polish, French and growing • For ages of 10-99 • Free “Dragon lesson in software testing” presentation under Creative Commons –license • Translated to 20 languages! • More info: www.dragonsout.com • Also other books coming out 4
- 5. ISTQB GLOBAL PRESENCE •Number of exams administered: over 1,2 million • Number of certifications issued: 845,000 • In 130 countries
- 6. TMMi for testimprovement in all kinds of testing, including agile and DevOps
- 7. Agenda • Green ICT •Green Testing • Testing measures carbon footprint • Minimize carbon footprint of test environments • Minimize carbon footprint of testing • What next? © Dragons Out Oy & Knowit Solutions Oy 7
- 8. Green ICT © DragonsOut Oy & Knowit Solutions Oy 8
- 9. Climate change • Climatechange has been a major topic in political debate in recent years. • The Paris climate conference (COP21) in 2015 set a target of limiting global warming to below 1.5°C compared to pre-industrial levels. © Dragons Out Oy 9
- 10. United Nations SustainableDevelopment Goals
- 11. Green ICT “Green ICTis the study and practice of using computing resources efficiently and effectively with minimal or no impact on the environment.” Handbook of Research on Green ICT, B. Unhelkar “To combat climate change, all viable avenues must be explored, and the ICT industry must also play a role.” Green Code, Janne Kalliola © Dragons Out Oy 11
- 12. Carbon footprint andhandprint “A carbon footprint is the total amount of greenhouse gases (including carbon dioxide and methane) that are generated by our actions.” Nature.org “A carbon handprint is the opposite of a footprint. It recognises the actions you take to have a positive impact on the climate, over and above reducing your own carbon footprint if you do enough of these they might even outweigh the size of your carbon footprint.” Go-positive.co.uk © Dragons Out Oy 12
- 13. Towards carbon handprint ©Dragons Out Oy & Knowit Solutions Oy 13 Carbon footprint Minimize carbon footprint Carbon handprint
- 14. IT has clearcarbon handprint • All too often we in IT are content that we can help other industries reduce their carbon footprint • Let’s move your servers to the cloud • Let’s create a paperless process • Let’s streamline how your business process works with this software • That’s great, but… • IT also has a carbon footprint – so let’s minimize it! © Dragons Out Oy & Knowit Solutions Oy 14
- 15. Green Testing © DragonsOut Oy & Knowit Solutions Oy 15
- 16. Green Testing canhelp • Testing can’t change the world of ICT on its own • But • Testing can measure the climate impact of ICT • Testing can choose to be as green as it can in its own practices • Find the green aspect in the testing practices © Dragons Out Oy 16
- 17. Sustainable Software Testing •Optimising Resource Utilisation • Test Automation • Performance Testing and Optimisation • Defect Prevention and Early Detection • Test Environment Efficiency • Green Testing Techniques • Collaboration and Knowledge Sharing © Dragons Out Oy 17 https://www.experimentus.com/sustainable-software-testing
- 18. Testing measures carbon footprint ©Dragons Out Oy & Knowit Solutions Oy 18
- 19. ISO 25010 qualityattributes, expanded by Climate Impact Climate impact
- 20. Sustainability in qualitycriteria • Rikard Edgren at the TestEye http://thetesteye.com/posters/TheTestEye_SoftwareQualityCharacteristics.pdf • Sogeti at TMap https://www.tmap.net/wiki/quality-characteristic-sustainability © Dragons Out Oy 20
- 21. Quality costs PAFF-model(Feigenbaum) 21 Quality costs are all the costs that would disappear if everything was done right the first time. Prevention costs Costs that aim to prevent the creation of defects. • Quality systems • Methodologies • Training • Understanding customer expectations • Code reviews Appraisal costs Costs that aim to maintain the company quality level. • Test planning and execution • Test management • Test environments and tools Failure costs (internal) Costs to fix defects that are found before delivering the software to customer and its users. • Debugging • Defect fixes • Retesting Failure costs (external) Costs that occur when defects are found in the software that the customer has already taken into production usage. . • Guarantee costs • Penalties • Price reductions • Product call-backs and disposals • Image, PR Investments Costs and penalties PAFF = Prevention costs, Appraisal costs, Failure costs (internal), Failure costs (external)
- 22. Quality costs PAFF-model(Feigenbaum) with climate impact 22 Quality costs are all the costs that would disappear if everything was done right the first time. Prevention costs Costs that aim to prevent the creation of defects. • Quality systems, incl. climate impact of code • Methodologies • Training • Understanding customer expectations • Code reviews Appraisal costs Costs that aim to maintain the company quality level. • Test planning and execution • Test management • Test environments and tools • Measurement of climate impact of code Failure costs (internal) Costs to fix defects that are found before delivering the software to customer and its users. • Debugging • Defect fixes • Retesting • Testing time and environments Failure costs (external) Costs that occur when defects are found in the software that the customer has already taken into production usage. . • Guarantee costs • Penalties, climate sanctions, CO2 compensation • Price reductions • Product call-backs and disposals • Image, PR Investments Costs and penalties PAFF = Prevention costs, Appraisal costs, Failure costs (internal), Failure costs (external)
- 23. When to applythe climate impact criterion • In the Definition of Done • In test planning and design • In reviews • In coding and testing © Dragons Out Oy 23
- 24. Minimize carbon footprint of testenvironments © Dragons Out Oy & Knowit Solutions Oy 24
- 25. Later is moreexpensive © Dragons Out Oy & Knowit Solutions Oy 25 https://reqtest.com/general/a-bug-goes-skateboarding-on-boehms-curve/ More time More test environments Larger environments Bigger carbon footprint
- 26. Smaller test environmentsearly © Dragons Out Oy & Knowit Solutions Oy 26 https://reqtest.com/general/a-bug-goes-skateboarding-on-boehms-curve/ Smaller environment early Smaller carbon footprint
- 27. • Virtualization •Serverless/FaaS On-demand test environments in the cloud Shared machine Less carbon footprint © Dragons Out Oy & Knowit Solutions Oy
- 28. • Virtualization •Serverless/FaaS Automated test environments Faster environment setup Smaller carbon footprint © Dragons Out Oy & Knowit Solutions Oy
- 29. Cheap, affordable testenvironments give feedback to the team faster Faster feedback Smaller carbon footprint © Dragons Out Oy & Knowit Solutions Oy
- 30. Minimize carbon footprint of testing ©Dragons Out Oy & Knowit Solutions Oy 30
- 31. Product Vision RequirementsTest Design Coding & Testing Test Automation in CI/CD pipeline Monitoring in production Minimizing carbon footprint in the value stream © Dragons Out Oy & Knowit Solutions Oy https://tieke.fi/en/projects/green-ict-project/ workshops 2022 Shift Left
- 32. • Target forcarbon handprint with the software • Include sustainability of coding and testing in the product vision • Require sustainability in requests for proposals of systems development • Include energy efficiency in the concept of quality Climate impact in the product vision Sustainable big picture Smaller carbon footprint © Dragons Out Oy & Knowit Solutions Oy https://tieke.fi/en/projects/green-ict-project/ workshops 2022
- 33. • Define requirementswell enough • Require energy-efficient code, done with energy-efficient tools • Consider static data design over dynamic polling • Minimize the number of features in the product, is MVP enough? • Review for • Climate impact • Testability • Test automation Reviewed requirements mean easier tests Easier tests Smaller carbon footprint © Dragons Out Oy & Knowit Solutions Oy https://tieke.fi/en/projects/green-ict-project/ workshops 2022
- 34. • Remove duplicatecoverage in the test suite • Remove unnecessary tests • Prioritize tests to find defects faster • Do it for first-time tests and regression tests • Use • Test techniques • Risk analysis • AI models Optimized test suite means less tests Less tests Smaller carbon footprint © Dragons Out Oy & Knowit Solutions Oy https://tieke.fi/en/projects/green-ict-project/ workshops 2022
- 35. • Run easy,fast tests first • Use earlier test results for smarter tests • Test critical things first, run only needed tests • Simulate first (APIs, models), only then use real environments • Use on-demand test environments Optimized test execution Smarter tests Smaller carbon footprint © Dragons Out Oy & Knowit Solutions Oy https://tieke.fi/en/projects/green-ict-project/ workshops 2022
- 36. • Smaller environments •Test automation is developed in smaller environments • Test automation should run first in smaller environments, then in larger ones • Test automation executes faster than manual tests, resulting in resource efficiency • Automate test data creation Use test automation © Dragons Out Oy & Knowit Solutions Oy 36 Faster tests Smaller carbon footprint https://tieke.fi/en/projects/green-ict-project/ workshops 2022
- 37. • Continue testingin production • Monitor performance, and tune it • Observe user experience, and tune it • Measure energy usage of use, compare to energy use of development Monitor production © Dragons Out Oy & Knowit Solutions Oy 37 Production monitoring Smaller carbon footprint https://tieke.fi/en/projects/green-ict-project/ workshops 2022
- 38. • Shift leftmeans testing earlier, resulting in less rework in coding and testing • Early feedback saves time and resources Use Agile and DevOps © Dragons Out Oy & Knowit Solutions Oy 38 Less rework Smaller carbon footprint https://tieke.fi/en/projects/green-ict-project/ workshops 2022
- 39. What next? © DragonsOut Oy & Knowit Solutions Oy 39
- 40. What next • Learnmore about Green ICT and Green Testing • Check how green your testing is – luckily sustainability often goes hand in hand with good testing • Testing early • Agile • DevOps • Optimizing test • Test automation • Adjust your testing to be greener! © Dragons Out Oy 40
- 41. • https://www.knowit.eu/sustainability/ • https://www.exove.com/green-code/ •https://julkaisut.valtioneuvosto.fi/handle/10024/162912 (ICT Climate strategy) • https://www.experimentus.com/sustainable-software-testing • https://www.infoq.com/articles/fight-climate-change-software-engineer/ • https://principles.green/ • https://greensoftware.foundation/manifesto • https://labs.sogeti.com/how-sustainability-testing-helps-reduce-the-carbon-footprint-of-your-it- landscape/ • https://www.functionize.com/blog/how-green-is-your-testing-softwares-dirty-secret-revealed • https://www.austriantestingboard.at/aspects-of-sustainable-test-processes/ • https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-08581-4_8 Additional reading
- 42. Any questions? Follow andshare the Kari’s testing book projects: • https://www.dragonsout.com Social media • Knowit https://www.facebook.com/KnowitOy • Kari https://www.linkedin.com/in/karikakkonen/ • Dragons Out https://www.facebook.com/DragonsOutOy Ask questions: kari.kakkonen@dragonsout.com © Dragons Out Oy & Knowit Solutions Oy 42