3. UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL AND
HORTICULTURAL SCIENCES, SHIVAMOGGA
COLLEGEOFHORTICULTURE , HIRIYUR
SUBMITED TO ,
THE COURSE TEACHER
ASST. PROFESSOR
OF FRUIT BREEDING SUBMITED BY,
kiran .S. M
BH4TAE021
3rd BSC(HORT)
7. A plum is a stone fruit tree in the genus Prunus,
subgenus Prunus. The subgenus is distinguished from
other subgenera (peaches, cherries, bird cherries, etc).
Dried plum fruits are called dried plums or prunes.
European plums have a much better and more
interesting range of flavours than the 'Japanese' plums
usually found in supermarkets.
8. Mature plum fruit may have a dusty-white coating that
gives them a glaucous appearance; this is easily rubbed
off.
9. Grafted plum trees are capable of bearing large crops from
1 year after planting. They make delightful ornamental
trees due to their mass display of white blossoms during
August.
Most garden plum trees in Northern Europe are of this
species, and they are well suited to temperate climates,
being hardier than the Japanese varieties and flowering
later.
While European plums do not store particularly well, the
fruit usually ripens over a 1-2 week period, during which
time the tree can be picked daily to ensure a steady supply
of fruit.
10. 1. European plums - Prunus domestica
Worldwide, this is one of the main species grown. Fruit
are generally oval, smaller, and more variable in color than
Japanese plums. In the USA, P. domestica is used for
prunes or fruit cocktail or other products, and rarely eaten
fresh.
2. Japanese plums - P. salicina Lindl and hybrids.
These are the most common fresh eating plums in the
USA.They are larger, rounder (or heart shaped), and firmer
than European plums and are primarily grown for fresh
market.
11. Flowers are similar in morphology to peach, but white,
smaller, and have longer pedicels.
Flowers are borne mostly in umbel-like clusters of 2-3
individuals on short spurs, and solitary or 2-3 in axils
of 1-yr-old wood.
European plums bloom much later than Japanese
types, and are therefore less frost prone.
Both self-pollinating and cross-pollinating varieties
are available and exhibit very different characteristics.
12.
13. Many plum varietes are self-fertile or partially self-
fertile and do not need a pollination partner.
For plum varieties that are not self-fertile, another
plum tree of a different variety, flowering at the same
time is usually planted all that is necessary to ensure
good pollination and heavy crops.
14. The main objective of plum is….
Improvement programmer for subtropical regions are
the early maturity cultivar with low chilling
requirement.
Tolerant to high temperature and drafting root stocks
tolerant to saline.
Large fruited, free stone, juice with proper TSS/Acid
ratio suitable for processing.
Resistant /tolerant to insect, pest & disease.
Salable fruit of plum must be attractive in colour,
adequate size & acceptable flavor and texture.
15. Introduction & Selection :
A large number of plum varieties have been
introduced from different countries. Of these, Santa
Rosa, Sutlej Purple are important commercial cultivars
found suitable for mid hills of North Western
Himalayas.
Other methods of breeding are not yet followed in
this crop in India.
17. Plum germplasm consist primarily of local selection and
cultivars, plus a small amount of wild accessions.
Because most of the plum breeding programs are for
cultiver development and use primarily adopted, improved
parents, it is little evolution of wild peach germplasm.
P.salicina, major collection from China.
Several European institutions have large collection of
European Plum .
Most of the wild germplasm of plum have been collected
form National Clonal Gemplasm Repository,Davis
California, U.S.A
