Ridouani Western Representation

Ridouani Western Representation
The seventh grade was my first year back in the U.S after living overseas for three years. I looked
forward to going to school again in the states; however, I encountered my first bullies on the bus.
They made fun of me for wearing the hijab (headscarf) all the time; they even threatened me. All I
did was cry after they got off the bus. I suspect that the reason why those boys did that to me was
because they grew up with a negative connotation towards Muslims and Arabs. Why does the media
use Muslims as a centerpiece in many of their over exaggerated stories? Being a Muslim teenager
myself, I therefore know what is true and what is not in regards to the religion I choose to follow.
So, I began to search for their motive behind doing so and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Ridouani states that the western representation of Muslims and Arabs is not a recent "fabrication",
but that it was deep–rooted into the West's conceptualism since the first contact with the Muslims
and the Arabs. (Ridouani). Ridouani seems to be very confident with this statement as he continues
to tie the rest of the evidence he finds in it. The author talks about the Disney movie Aladdin, and
how it began the 21st century stereotyped look that Arabs have. According to Ridouani, princess
Jasmine's original name is Badr Al Budur, however Disney has introduced her as Jasmine. Even if
Disney innocently changed her name for easy pronunciation, what they failed to realize is that they
have distorted the Arab identity in the western world. Once they changed her name, they also
changed her identity; and so with that they also changed her appearance. Ridouani believes that the
basis the media uses to actualize their targeted view of Arabs is to allocate them "in three B's:
'billionaire', 'bomber', and 'belly dancer"' (Ridouani). Those three words have led to what we
currently know as the
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

Alsulatny's Book Report
The main argument in Alsulatny's book chapter titled "Selling Multicultural American National
Identity Post–9/11: Representing Arab– and Muslim–Americans in Non–Profit Advertising" is that
the U.S. media attempted to combat the binary racial formation of "the citizen" and "the terrorist"
that was created after 9/11, by presenting a Multicultural America. Alsultany discusses how post
9/11, advertisements were made in direct response to the hate crimes against Arabs and Muslims,
cause by the terrorist stereotype they held at this time. These advertisements aimed to project the
idea of a "new Multicultural America" to the American audience. She explains that these
advertisements were ineffective, as they didn't include people wearing traditional ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
This book chapter also introduces surveys, examples and statistics that will help support my
argument and further my research. This book chapter differs from the article, "Framing Arab–
American and Muslims in the U.S. Media" because it explores the way that the U.S. media
attempted to aid in the destruction of the Arab and Muslims terrorist stereotype, but ultimately
failed. It provides an interesting contrast from the article, presenting a more positive way that the
media tried to portray Arab and Muslims after 9/11. This book chapter, although different than the
article, does reinforce the same idea that Arab and Muslims were ostracized following the events of
9/11 and felt they needed to prove themselves to the rest of American citizens as "good Americans".
The information in this book chapter is reliable because it has numerous cited examples and
statistics that reinforce the validity of the main idea. This book chapter helps perpetuate my research
as it gives me another perspective on the influence of the U.S. Media, and encourages me to
continue down this path of research, and I will now be looking for how the U.S. media have tried to
correct the terrorism stereotype they perpetuated against Arabs and

Arab and Muslim Americans
Arabs and Muslim Americans
Andrew J. Ayers
ETH/125
April 11, 2011
Teresa Edge
Arabs and Muslim Americans
What distinguishes African American Muslims from other practicing Muslims in the United States
today? * Arabs are an ethnic group. * Muslims are a religious group. * Islam is the faith, like
Christianity. * Muslim is a believer of that religion, like a Christian. * You cannot accurately
identify the Muslims by nationality alone. * Just because you are Arab does not define you as being
a follower of Islam.
African American Muslims; * Not tightly organized into a single religious fellowship. * Against
adultery and drinking alcohol. * Trace their roots to the teachings of W. Fard Muhammad. * ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Islam is more communal, encompassing all aspects of one's life. Some of the characteristics
associated with Muslim and Arab Americans come to be viewed as negatives, but when practiced by
Christian Whites are seen as positives would be blocking their efforts to build religious centers or
the building of mosques, not being able to have cultural symbols, but yet we can build churches
adorned with cultural symbols and that is fine. Having their efforts to publicly broadcast their call to
prayer over loudspeakers blocked, even when neighboring churches just as loudly ring their bells to
signal the start of worship. The Muslims and Arab Americans are given a hard time if they practice
their rituals and religious beliefs in public, where we can hold "church" anywhere that we please. In
order for mosques to maintain their tax–exempt status, we force them to incorporate boards and
bylaws, and the Imams (leader or spiritual guide of the mosques) are more likely in the United
States to take on a more pastoral instead of a religious role.
Sources http://www.arabbar.org/art Chicago Tribune, March 29, 2002
Axia Textbook, Immigration and the United States, Chapters 4,7,8 and

The Crusades As An Act Of Christian Aggression Against...
The Crusades are commonly classified as an act of Christian aggression against the weakened and
fractured Muslims. There are many mistakes with this view, the Crusades were not against Arabs
specifically, despite what is commonly believed. As mentioned in "Our Worlds Story" and some
others, the Arabs were under attack by a steppes horde from Asia called the Seljuk Turks. The Seljuk
and Arabs, despite both being Sunni Muslims had been in conflict against each other since the late
900's. The Seljuk Turks expanded swiftly through the Middle East and Anatolia, the heartland of the
East Romans, known as the Byzantines. Now, during the 1090's Constantinople, the capital of the
Byzantine Empire became under attack by the Seljuk, the Seljuk had also been treating Christians
and Jewish harshly which is a sharp contradiction from the Arabs, co–existing with Judaism and
Christianity due to their roots as Abrahamic religions. This is just the beginning of the Turkish reign
of terror throughout the Middle ages to the fall of the Ottomans, slaughtering, Greek Orthodox
Christians in Armenia, Georgia and parts of the Balkans, along with Arab Muslims, Shia Muslims,
Hindu Indians, and Zoroastrians, which were nearly wiped out (out of the top 3 countries India, the
United States, and Iran, with the highest Zoroastrian population, equals about 139,000 people,
despite being the dominant religion in Iran for a millennia.) (Cohen) With the Byzantine Empire
savagely being attacked, Alexius I was

Muslim Stereotypes Essay
Stereotypes often determine how we see people who are different from us. Stereotypes play such an
important role in our perceptions of others, but what exactly are they? A stereotype is a widely held
but fixed and oversimplified image or idea of a particular type of person or thing (Williams, 2013).
In essence, stereotypes are not limited to different races and ethnicities, but also include: genders,
social classes, cultures and even certain hobbies. In light of the increase of negative attention that
Muslims have been receiving in the media, the stereotypes discussed in this paper will be centered
on Muslims. Specifically, the stereotype that all Muslims are terrorists will be analyzed. Since Islam
is a religion that promotes peace and kindness, one could ask where the stereotype that all Muslims
are terrorists originated. Following the tragedies of September 11, 2001, Arabs and Muslims have
been presented as potential terrorists. This idea stemmed from the theory that, "media bias increases
when a specific ethnic, religious, or racial group is seen as a threat to national security." (Stiffler,
2013). Since the attacks on September 11, 2001 Muslims and Arabs have been "hyper–visible" in
the media as potential terrorists. Due to the negative media attention and failure of most media
platforms to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
After 9/11 and the subsequent increase in national security, many Muslims, or those who fit the
stereotype of Muslims, have been profiled and "randomly selected" for screening in airports.
Islamophobia, which is a result of Muslim stereotypes, has also caused many Muslims (and Arabs
that fit the Muslim stereotype) to be faced with racial slurs, threats, physical assault and even death.
This is because most people cannot dissociate the stereotype that Muslims are terrorists from reality.
As a result they lash out at anyone they believe fits the profile of being

The Science And Achievements Of The Islamic Golden Age
The Abbasid Empire began in 750 AD, ruling over Baghdad until the Mongols conquered and took
over in 1258. Although the period was brief, the influence of the Arabs was not only through
religion, but in math, the arts, and science. Many scientific and mathematical discoveries, as well as
architectural designs made in the 9th to 14th century stimulated research that might not be known
today. By creating armies to conquer neighboring lands, Islam spread their knowledge to other
countries, but also gained knowledge from those neighboring lands. The Islamic Empires had a
strong and welcoming attitude towards knowledge, and made some incredible achievements in the
arts and sciences.
The Islamic Golden Age was a time in which many inteculatal accomplishments and advancements
were made, and the Islamic Empire was at its most successful state.
The Islamic Golden Age started in the 13 century with the Abbasid family in control. During this
time, rulers and other people of high positions had merchants go out and search for writings from
other lands to bring back and add to Islam's knowledge of the world. As more and more text from all
different parts of the world began to come back to Islam, they were translated into Arabic, and were
kept at a "place for studying and keeping safe foreign texts", called the House of Wisdom. There,
scholars could read up on topics of science, mathematics, astronomy, philosophy, the arts and more.
Scholars studied and observed the new found

Arab and Muslims and Stereotypical labels in Movies
Movies are something that people of all color, religion and race watch. Directors of movies have a
big influence in the way they portray certain kind of people in films. It is obvious that these people
have a motive in bringing down a certain race or religion from the many accounts we see. Arab and
Muslims have been given stereotypical labels and have been looked upon as the monster for many
years even before the September 11th attacks. Film after film you see many incidents were there is
someone doing a terrorist act and people look at these and start to believe this is how things actually
are. The power the media has is unbelievable and over they years you can see they have used there
power to increase stereotypes of Arab Americans. Arabs are represented in Hollywood as the villain,
before and after 9/11 and this has contributed to the to the outlook of Arabs and Muslims in the
public sphere.
From the beginning of film making Arabs and Muslims were grouped as one by Hollywood. This is
one of first stereotypes they created. Only one fifth of Arabs in the world are Muslim, and there are
more then 20 million Christian Arabs in the world. It is obvious that Hollywood has a huge impact
on many people. In 2002 alone the total box office sales was more then 9 billion dollars according to
the U.S census. People are watching and people are becoming more and more brainwashed. Plato
once said, "The people who are telling the story also rule society". Media in all forms of ways

The Role Of Zakah And The Muslim Arab Community.the System
THE ROLE OF ZAKAH(ALMS GIVING) IN POVERTY ALLEVIATION IN NIGERIA
BY
DR. MUSTAPHA ISA QASIM,
DEPARTMENT OF ARTS AND SOCIAL SCIENCE EDUCATION,
(ISLAMIC STUDIES SECTION)
AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA.
ABSTRACT
The main objective of Zakah(Alms giving) is to alleviate poverty in the Muslim community .The
system is specifically designed to take care of the needs of the poor and the needy from the Muslim
Ummah. In this paper, a close look at this vital role of Zakah is made, indicating that the present
economic hardship in the Muslim Ummah could be easily solved through the institution of Zakah. It
was practiced during the time of the Prophet (S.A.W.) and his Companions, and subsequently in the
period of Umar ibn Abdul–Aziz. Therefore, the system of Zakah is strongly recommended to be
used for poverty alleviation in Nigerian Muslim communities.
Keyword: Role: Zakah: Poverty Alleviation: Nigeria
Introduction
Zakah is one of the five pillars of Islam. Muslims are obliged by the Shari`ah to take a portion of
their wealth and give to the poor as charity. This is called Zakah. It is designed to take care of the
basic economic needs of the poor people and alleviate the problem of poverty in society. Our society
today is pervaded with poverty, hunger and unemployment. The Government has failed in
discharging its responsibilities of providing basic employment for its citizens, many wealthy
Muslims have refused to take out Zakah from their wealth appropriately, and

Jack Shaheen's Investigation Of Arab Depiction In...
Another term utilized to portray separation, bias, and badgering against
Muslims is Islamophobia. It additionally indicates the non–announcing or non–divulgence of brutal
acts
submitted against Muslims, and the inability to introduce the genuine lessons of Islam. Shaheen
(2000: 22–42) looks at the generalizations and predispositions utilized as a part of the depiction of
Muslim Arabs in
American films and TV programs by portraying Muslim Arabs as rough
religious radicals which unjustifiably influence policymaking, energize loathe wrongdoings, and
advance
divisiveness by misrepresenting ethnic contrasts. Jack Shaheen (2003) presents a fantastic
investigation of Arab depiction in Hollywood films in light of his audit of around 900

Muslim Stereotypes
Americans believe that Muslim are terrorists because of the media's views. Also, The labor
Department to increase sensitivity to and combat instances of potential discrimination or harassment
against individuals who are or are perceived to be Muslim, Arab, Afghani, Middle Eastern, or South
Asian, EEOC charge statistics for workplace discrimination claims involving religion, ethnicity,
national origin, and citizenship indicate that the reported incidence of such conduct has continued to
increase" (Stan, 2014). "A qualified Soutn Asian man who wears a Sikh turban applies for a cashier
position at a retail store, but the company fears that such religjous attire will make customers
uncomfortable and drive them away, thus costing them business;

Arab And Muslim Arranged Marriages
Arab/Muslim Overview
Arab individuals are one of the fastest growing populations within the world. Many Arab people are
Muslim: followed by the religion of Islam. According to Al–Krenawi (2000), "Ethnic Arab societies
are highly diverse and consist of heterogeneous systems of social differentiation based on ethnic,
linguistic, sectarian, familial, tribal, regional, socioeconomic, and national identities" (pg 10). The
dynamic of Arab families
In Arab society, a women's status is contingent on being married and caring for her children. High
regard is placed on rearing male children. Marriages are arranged and women often spend the
majority of their time at home, rather then focusing on a career. Arranged marriages may not work;
however, a divorced ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Seeking mental health services can damage a women's prospect for marriage or be utilized a
leverage to obtain a second wife (Al–Krenawi, 2000). As a female counselor, it may be difficult for
an Arab male to accept direction or guidance. Furthermore, it is difficult to utilize self–disclosure,
client affect, and self–exploration because these techniques can challenge the family values. The
Arab and Muslim worlds share collectivism and Islamic values; however, each is directly influenced
by the exposure to Western civilization (Pendersen et al,

The Life Of An American Muslim Arab
May Elbassoussy
Suzan Flatt
WP1
18 Feb. 2016
The Life of an American Muslim Arab
Arabs in general are struggling all around the world, and currently the biggest concern is the Israeli
and Palestinian conflict. This conflict is quite a crazy conflict. The Israeli and Palestinian conflict
led to the billions of Palestinian refugees to flee to the United States in hope to find a better place
that they could or eventually call home. The American media does not appreciate that Arabs are in
America and are trying to make it hard on Muslims and Arabs to survive. Society has portrayed
Muslims as the enemy. No matter how hard Muslims try to fit in they simply just cannot due to the
lack of truth and humanity in American media, who the Americans blame for the horrible attacks of
September 11th. They blame the Muslims although there were Muslims in the building during the
attacks that died or got brutally injured. Muslims struggle due to the fact that Islam is not known as
well as other religions in the United States.
Muslims should not be judged upon the fake stories, lies and myths that are simply not accurate.
Muslims are not responsible for the attacks that have been stapled to their backs and foreheads: the
claims of being a terrorist just because they wear a head scarf or dress differently. Define terrorist.
What is terrorism? No the definition is not a Muslim. The definition of terrorism, taken from
dictionary.com is, "a person who terrorizes or frightens

Cultural Differences Between Arabs And Muslims In The...
Many people in the world today get confused on the differences between cultural and religious
terms, and while there are a lot of different terms, confusion comes in when people begin to define
these terms through stereotyping or the association fallacy. The association fallacy is a type of hasty
generalization used when a claim is made by associating something with an irrelevant element. For
example, stating because a person is both an Arab and Muslim, then all Arabs are Muslim is an
association fallacy. Ignorance of the true definitions of the terms Arabs and Muslims is hard for the
people who belong to those cultures or religions. In today's politically correct society, this is a major
problem for Muslims who are frequently called Arabs and vice versa leading to bigotry and hatred.
The differences between Arabs and Muslims is so large, in fact, it is mind–boggling so many
individuals confuse the two. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Arab world as we know it includes countries in the Arabian peninsula and northern Africa
where Arabic is the primary language. Among the most well known are Algeria, Djibouti, Egypt,
Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Libya, Morocco, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, Tunisia, the
United Arab Emirates, and many others. When talking population, this people group, encompasses
over 300 million people within these Arab countries. If someone is considered Arabic however, this
does not mean they are a certain race. There are people of many different races in Arab countries.
Additionally, there are many different ethnic cultures and people groups within these Arab countries
such as Kurds, Armenians, and the Berbers, just to name a

Effects Of Witch Hunts On Arab Americans
Witch–hunt: a campaign aimed against a person or group holding unpopular views. Since the
terrorist attacks against the United States, the fall of the twin towers on September 11, 2001, the
presence of islam phobia has increased dramatically, causing Arab–Americans to undergo bigotry,
prejudice, stereotypes which also extend into verbal and physical abuse. Arab–Americans are
verbally and physically attacked all the time and such incidents have increased since the attack of
September 11, 2001. Future witch–hunts of Arab–Americans can be avoided by educating people in
Islamic cultures. Islam phobia is demonstrated in Deepa Iyer's column for USA Today "Post–9/11
discrimination must end" in 2012 and presents many cases of Islam phobia in the ... Show more
This is clearly observed in Steven Greenhouse's 2010 article published in The New York Times
"Muslims Report Rising Discrimination at Work" where coworkers and employers do not consider
the harmful effects of their hateful actions towards their Muslim coworkers and employees.
Greenhouse describes that "a record number of Muslim workers are complaining of employment
discrimination, from co–workers calling them 'terrorist' or 'Osama' to employers barring them from
wearing head scarves or taking prayer breaks." No such enmity should exist in the workplace and
this issue needs to be confronted hopefully to urge employers and coworkers to stop and fix the
issue. Many people of Islam culture get discriminated against when applying and working in jobs
and this is caused by the 9/11 attacks and disregard of Muslim cultures. How is a person supposed to
do their job efficiently if they do not feel comfortable or safe in their work environment? In order to
prevent acrimony in the working environment, the consequences for these discriminating actions
need to be severe so it is known that this harsh harassment isn't taken with a grain of salt.

Summary Of Eat By Julia Clancy Smith
It is typical for Americans and the world in general to judge people from North Africa, particularly
Arabs. This they do without actually walking in their shoes and living their lives. In particular, after
the wave of terrorism that hit the United States and the world at large since the turn of the century,
there has been a negative perception towards North Africans and the Arab world at large. It is for
this reason that Julia Clancy–smith took a trip to Algeria and Tunisia in order to give the world an
unbiased view of the world in which North Africans live (Clancy–Smith 50). The author focused on
the political and religious actions of those considered the Muslim and their followers. Additionally,
she gives a detailed analysis of the accommodation and resistance to the colonial rule. She rejects
the popular position that Tunisians and Algerians were victims of colonial aggression from the west
and argued instead that Muslim notables actually understood the complications of the outside world
and were therefore, able to manipulate the changes that were taking place around them. This paper
is focused on reviewing this book in the context of the twenty first century. The book gives special
attention to specific Sufi leaders as well as their followers in Tunisia and Algeria which have
traditionally been linked ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Instead, she already had formed an opinion and therefore, decided to go to North Africa to find the
answers that she needed. She notes that French officials and Arab religious notables had often held
meetings in which they decided the fate of the people. She dwells on the rebellion in 1849 which
gives a rich policy dossier which ideally explored relationships that were not thought to be in
existence. For instance the relations between populist protest and provincial Sufi notables as well as
the relationship that migrant laborers had with politics at the

Hijab
The Fabric of Liberation or Oppression ? After learning about the hijab last year, I wanted to
incorporate it into fashion along with modest clothing some days, it was one of those days and I
posted a picture of myself on snapchat. Not shortly after I received a text from my boyfriend that
succinctly read, "What are you wearing." What am I wearing I repeated to myself offended and
shocked at his reaction to my outfit of choice. I retort back "Clothes". Why did what I chose to wear
matter to him, especially if I was dressed modestly?What was the problem? From there we entered a
conversation, about what I had decided to wear on my head that day stood for in American Society.
In recent discussions of Muslim American culture specifically the ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The hijab is a symbol of piety, patriotism,courage, and resistance not of terrorism, oppression,
fanaticism. The hijab is a choice and a movement. In the online magazine TIME, a article originally
from the online magazine xojane Mariam Gomaa an American Muslim graduate from Northwestern
University who experienced growing up in a post 9–11 environment declares a radically different
narrative choosing to wear the hijab as a sociopolitical statement. She counters American trepidation
by asserting her own civil rights articulating that, "My religion should not be shed for the sake of
someone else's comfort."She ties her sense of identity to the hijab crafting the fabric into one of
sociopolitical sentiments, describing it as the "American hijab, the antithesis and retaliation to
whiteness and the American media, and a nod of solidarity to other people of color."The hijab is a
form of resistance in America, a rejection of Western Influence. She uses the hijab to reclaim and
rewrite the western narrative of Muslim women and people as a whole. She takes on the role of
contributing and furthering American Islam as started by iconic Muslim figures like Malcolm X,
Muhammad Ali, and Kareem Abdul Jabbar by wearing the hijab as an act of defiance against social
convention by refusing to the terror and pressure to refuse her religious freedom for the sake of
appeasing the world. American Muslim Hijabis fight for social consciousness and social justice
advocating for cultural diffusion rather than letting a symbol of cultural identity be removed. She
concludes, "This more than a fabric its choosing to be different and a nonconformist and wearing it
with pride" This is an act of empowerment, and liberation from societal popular expectations in
regards to "beauty,identity,race, and culture". Women like Gomma exemplify the point of Mallak Al
Husban in

Social Work Culture
In the reading "The Work Culture of Latin Domestic Workers" By Pierrette Hondagnu–Sotelo it
discusses how the interaction between the domestic workers and the importance within a social
setting and how it impact the work culture. Often immigrants arriving to the United States have a
difficult time finding employment creating an environment of connection spreading through word of
mouth by friends and family to help seek opportunities. Women who did not have these connections
and attempting to find employment "unable to break into domestic work, or languished on the
margins of the occupation" Many workers having difficulties finding a job were able to find a
profession under subcontracting arrangements. This is where individuals subcontract their ... Show
Before September 11, national polls demonstrated that racial profiling was inefficient and unfair
many were against it. "There is now public consensus that racial profiling is a good thing, and in
fact necessary for survival" (Volpp, 604). Over hundreds of noncitizens have been put into detention
location and refuse to release information on these individuals, but a vast majority of them appear to
be Middle Eastern, Muslim or South Asian. The U.S. Department of Justice has engaged in racial
profiling of male that are noncitizen between the ages of 18 and 33 from Islamic countries without
having significant evidence involvement of terrorist group. Furthermore, airport officials and
airlines were also involved in racial profiling against individuals who are Middle Eastern, Arab or
Muslim. "Countless men have been kicked off airplanes, because airline staff and fellow passengers
have refused to fly with them board, despite U.S. Department of Transportation directives to protect
civil rights of passengers" (Volpp, 605). In the years prior to the terrorist attack, national identity
was considered both patriotic and multiracial, which represent Americans with cultural origins such
as African American, Irish American, and Asian American. Many Middle Eastern or Muslims
subject to potential profiling as a matter of safety and a way to demonstrate their loyalty towards the
United States. "Whites, African Americans, East Americans and Latinas/os are now deemed safe
and not required to prove their allegiance" (Volpp, 606). Racial profiling is clearly a statement
towards individuals that are not considered to be part of us. The unifying theme of this week's
readings seems to be how experiences or events could change the

Anti Arab And Anti Muslim Stereotyping
to 100 Years of Anti–Arab and Anti–Muslim stereotyping by Mazin B. Qumsiyeh "Arabs in TV and
movies are portrayed as either bombers, belly dancers, or billionaires in reference to Arab men
being portrayed as terrorist or as wealthy oilmen and Arab women being portrayed as sex
objects...these stereotypes don 't only cause psychological harm (culture, insult) but also helps feed
into actions that are physically harmful by dehumanizing a group first before attacking it."
Another example of negative stereotyping is the unfortunate stigma against mentally ill people.
When someone has a physical illness or injury people are very often completely understanding and
sympathetic, sometimes having gone through something similar or other incidences leave them
understanding about what the person is going through. Mental illness is less common and that seems
to leave people without the ability to be empathetic to others circumstances, leaving them to
stereotype mentally ill people as lazy or dangerous. With mental illness a common occurrence is that
people will do or say things like, 'Oh, maybe you you go out more and you will be less sad', 'it 's just
in your head', or 'Just stop doing those things even if you feel like you have to.', and lastly they seem
to think that just taking some drugs will solve all of your problems. What these people don't
understand is that depression is not just sadness, it is not there choice to be the way they are, OCD is
not something you can control and

The United States, Arab, Muslim, And Middle East
The United States has a long withstanding legacy of the racialization of ethnic communities as part
of the non–white "Other". As seen through the downward mobility of Arab, Muslim, and Middle–
Eastern Americans– who had originally been granted access to the privileges of whiteness– after
being identified collectively as a threat to the expansion and success of the US empire, Arab,
Muslim, and Middle–Eastern Americans began to be racialized as part of the non–white "Other"
even before 9/11. Media representations of Arab, Muslim, and Middle Eastern communities outside
the borders of the United States served to construct the "terrorist" identity, which resulted in the
collective racialization of Arab, Muslim, and Middle Easterners as terrorists. Through the conflation
of the racialization of the Arab, Muslim, and Middle–Eastern identity with the notions of terrorism
and risk, the aftermath of 9/11 led to an emergence of racially motivated government policies and
practices, such as anti–immigration measures and FBI raids on Muslim community centers, as well
as an increase in the level of hate–based crimes against Muslim, Arab, and Middle Eastern
Americans that contributed to an internalized sense of fear and insecurity for these individuals in
American society. Furthermore, this sense of internal internment within the Muslim, Arab, and
Middle Eastern community, coupled with the reality of discrimination and federal exclusion,
demonstrates how the racialization of Arab and

Different Cultures, Beliefs And Costumes
I think it is very important to be aware of other cultures, beliefs and costumes because as a future
social worker, I should be able to give my support and services to clients as individuals. I think that
every individual is unique; thus, I will take the time to validate their thoughts, feelings and
experiences. Some individual's feelings and experiences are originated from racial differences issues
that are occurring. Therefore, being sensitive to a client's need to express his or her feelings about
this matter could go a long way.
Racial Difference Awareness and Transition I was six years old when I first realized that racial
differences exist. It was a year after I my parents decided to it would be best if my siblings and I
lived in Jordan with my mother. My parents wanted my siblings and me to learn the Arab culture
and the Islamic faith while we were still young. Prior to moving to Jordan, we lived in LaSalle,
Illinois where all my friends were Caucasian. I never noticed being different because everyone
around me was Caucasian, and no one pointed out that I was different at that time. Once we moved
to Jordan, I began to notice that children and adults looked different, dressed different and even
spoke an unfamiliar language.
Although, I was a Muslim Arab just like them, I felt out of place and different than everyone else. I
spoke English and very little Arabic, dressed in untraditional clothing, and I was unfamiliar with the
traditions and customs of the Jordanian

Islam : An Abrahamic Monotheistic Religions
Islam is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion that believes that there is only one god, Allah. Today, it
is one of the fastest–growing major religions in the world with over 1.6 billion followers which
makes up 23% of the population. The great religion had a modest beginning and preserved to spread
and become the force that it is today. Most historians believe that Islam originated in Mecca and
Medina in the beginning of the 7th century. The religion was first established by the prophet
Muhammad whom the archangel Jibril (Gabriel) revealed the Qur'an to. During this time, there was
increasing conflict in Mecca between different social classes and Muhammad's message appealed to
those that were suffering and through this, Islam began to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
The first battle was during the conquests was the Battle of Qadisiyya during the year 637 that was
fought between the Muslim–Arabs and the Sasanian Persians. In 636, Caliph Umar sent roughly
8,000 men to Iraq, where they were met by the Persian forces and elephants under the command of
Rostam. Despite the size of the opposing Persian army, the "Arabs were inspired by the knowledge
that Allah was behind them and the preaching of Muhammad" and fought hard. The victor of the
Battle of Qadisiyya was largely decided by the arrival of Syrain reinforcements and the death of key
Persian figures such as Rostam. This victory was crucial to the conquest of Iraq and gave the
Muslim Arabs access to Sawad and Ctesiphon.
The next battle was in the year 642, Yazhgerd raised another army in Jebāl to fight off the Muslim
Arabs that were approaching the city of Nehavand. In response, Umar decided to combine the forces
in Kufan and Basran to fight against the Persian army. The full extent and progression of the battle
is hard to piece together because of anecdotal stories that have slipped into the records, but it is
generally believed to have lasted several days before a Muslim victory was declared.This victory
effectively ended the resistance in the Jebāl and gave the Muslims greater access to trade routes,
allowing them to grow and

Stereotypes In Hollywood Film Analysis
Although its positive influences are evident, the art of Hollywood films is still developing and
perpetuating racist stereotypes through the biased portrayal of Muslim characters which produces
adverse impact on Muslims in the United States. A survey report on The Arab Journal of Psychiatry
conducted by Dr. M. K. Hamza from Lamar University, Texas, showed the evidence of negative
impact of the media towards Muslims in particular areas. The data was based on the survey of
public perception on Muslims with a total of 90 respondents and collected from several Southeast
Texas cities with ninety–two percent of the respondents were Christian, the other 8% represented
other religions such as Buddhism, Hinduism, and Judaism with the exclusion of Muslims to ... Show
Furthermore, the controversial American Sniper film sparked protests and harsh criticisms from
Muslim Students Association (MSA) of George Mason (GMU) and Maryland University (MU) as it
is claimed to perpetuate misleading and negative stereotypes about Muslims, according to the report
from The Daily Caller News (Goldenberg, 2015). Asra Ahmad and Sara Mojarrad, the president and
vice president of GMU's Project Nur, the organization sponsoring the petition to ban the showing of
the film on campus, state that they are supportive to the United States armed services, however, they
are also concerned with the film creating backlash against the Muslim community in the future due
to the bigoted and offensive reactions against Muslims on social media shortly after the film was
released as shown in Figure 3 (Goldenberg,

The Arab Americans And Muslim Americans Essay
Introduction
More Than Muslim The current view of Arab–Americans and Muslim–Americans has been
misconstrued by the media leading to extreme contempt towards these groups of people. Most Arab
Americans have been generalized as Muslim extremists or refugees, when in fact this is not the case.
This paper will explain how these people became a "group of interest", depict what kind of people
make up the Arab American population, parallel refugees and terrorists to expose common
misconceptions of Arab–Americans, explain the sects of Muslim religion and its values, and finally
conclude with why this matters to the American education system and my own personal reflection
on my research.
Part One: Contemporary/Historical Issues
In contemporary American society Arab Americans are perceived as Muslim immigrants whose
intentions are tied to terrorist groups, when in fact 35% of Muslim Americans are native born here
in America, (Moule, 2012, p. 315). In addition, 60% convert to Islam later in life and only 40% are
born Muslim, (Moule, 2012, p. 315). The misconstrued view of Arab and Muslim Americans began
in part with the tragedy on September 11, 2001 when the Twin Towers collapsed. Following this
event the media exploited the Islamic culture and anyone tied to it. Tragedy continued with the Iraq
War in 2003, a civil war that continues to plague the country and its borders.
It is also important to understand the difference between Muslim Americans and Arab Americans.
Arab Americans can

Understanding Cultural Discourse Of Logic And Emotion
Emotions Versus Logic
Maybe the most sure way to understand cultural discourse of logic and emotions cultures. The
contrast in the middle of logic and emotion cultures relies on upon the amount of importance is
found in the context versus in the code. Emotions cultures, for example, the American society, have
a tendency to place additionally significance in the dialect code and almost no importance in the
context. Hence, correspondence has a tendency to be particular, unequivocal, and scientific
(Hofstede & Geert H, 1997).
In logic cultures, significance is implanted more in the context as opposed to the code. As Hall
states, "a large portion of the data is either in the physical context or disguised in the individual,
while next to no ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In low context cultures, the weight seems to fall on the speaker to precisely and completely pass on
the importance in her talked or composed message. For a more broad exchange of intercultural
contrasts in the middle of high and low context cultures (Cohen, 1997).
Arabs prefer subjectivity over objectivity.
The inquiry is who would we be able to trust to come clean about Islam? The answer you will get by
passing by conversing with Muslims has the point of preference that on the off chance that you pick
the right nation and the privilege Muslim, you will get the "right" reply. Be that as it may, in the
event that you ask the "wrong" Muslim (typically called a fanatic or radical Muslim) you will get
the answer you won 't care for. Is Saudi Arabia or Turkey the right nation to go to? Is a Wahabbi
imam or an Islamist researcher of Islam the perfect individual to inquire? Subjective Islam is a
surveying issue. Who you ask decides the answer you get. Theological rationalists for Islam ask the
"master" who gives them the answer they need Islam is sublime (Hall, 1982).
Target truth: in the event that it is in the Koran, Sira and Hadith, it is Islam. Islam is Allah and
Mohammed, no special cases. So skip asking a Muslim, heading off to a Muslim nation or asking a
teacher. For target answers, ask Mohammed and Allah. As such, read the Koran, Sira and Hadith.
The issue is that nobody

The Values Of Islam In The United States
In recent years, Muslims and Arab Americans have become hot topics of conversation in politics
and everyday life. Terrorist attacks and other cruel acts committed by individuals and groups who
claim Islam have become quite frequent in the United States and across the globe, even in countries
where Islam is the dominant faith. These acts have resulted in many people becoming cautious,
fearful, and prejudiced against all Muslims and Arabs. Many of these judgements are preconceived
and based off of misunderstandings and incorrect assumptions about the Islamic faith. In reality,
Islam and Christianity are not so different; many of the values of Christians and Muslims actually
coincide. Both Christians and Muslims believe in one true god, although Muslims use the Arabic
word, "Allah". There has been much debate over whether Allah is the same God that Christians
believe in and follow. Some believe that it is the same God, while others disagree. Regardless, both
follow one true God rather than many deities, as other religions do. Although both groups
acknowledge the life of Jesus, Muslims believe Jesus to have been a simple prophet and not the son
of God. This is arguably the Muslims and Christians also greatly value modesty, to different
degrees. Some branches of Christianity follow strict modesty codes while other branches are more
lenient. As is the case in Christianity, there are varying levels of modesty practiced by Muslims.
Many Muslims believe that women ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The judgments passed on Muslims and Arabs can be extremely hurtful and often leads to actions
that violate the basic human rights of these individuals. Acknowledging and respecting both the
similarities and differences between Christianity and Islam could help unite the two people groups
and reduce the amount of animosity towards Arabs and Muslims in the United

The Effect Of The Arab Spring On The Muslim Brotherhood
In this paper, I will be explaining the concept of revolution, its definition, and application in Egypt
and Tunisia. I will further discuss the achievement that took place since the revolutions in both
countries and finally will conclude by demonstrating the effect of the Arab spring on the Muslim
brotherhood.
'Revolution' tend to occur when the basic needs of a population are not met by its government, when
there is a violation of basic human rights, when there is no hope, when people are oppressed, when
people are at some sort of disadvantage.
According to Steven Pincus, in Rethinking Revolution: a New Tocquevillian Perspective, "
revolution can be defined as a rapid, judgmental and violent domestic change in the dominant values
and myths of a society, in its political institutions, social structures, leadership, and government
activities and policies". It is a fundamental change in power: a violent movement to overthrow an
existing regime that results in major changes in the society. Revolutions have occurred throughout
history, but its purpose, duration and method have varied from one country to the other.
No one would have ever thought that there would be an uprising in Egypt against autocratic rule, as
rulers of Egypt were smart dictators who knew well enough how to control their people. The regime
itself provided the calendar day for the "day of Rage", where all sectors of the society were
participating. It started on January 25th as a medium size demonstration but

Shrouded In Contradiction Summary
Wearing hijab
I have read the, "Shrouded in Contradiction' by Gelareh Asayesh. I really enjoyed reading the story,
and made me thought of the arab countries that i had lived before i moved to the united states. I used
to live in Saudi Arabia for almost three years and two years in Sudan.I have five years experience of
arab countries.Saudi arabia is one of the extremist muslim countries in the world. Womens in Saudi
arabia aren't allowed to go without hijab or "Abaya". Abaya is a black colored dress that cover a
woman's body from neck to her legs and wear hijab to cover her hair.In Saudi all the states has
diffrent law about hijab . For instance in Jeddah womens are forced to wear the abaya and the hijab
only, but in Riyadh the woman should wear the hijab and abaya and must cover their ... Show more
Some Muslim women believe that although the principles of modesty are clearly outlined in the
Qu'ran, they perceive the wearing of the headscarf as a cultural interpretation of these scriptures.
These women sometimes believe that the values espoused by the wearing of the headscarf can be
achieved in other ways. Some women believe that while the hijab allowed women in the past to
engage in public society without garnering attention, the headscarf in contemporary Western society
brings more attention to women and is thus contradictory to its original purpose. Others believe that
the hijab and other external practices have become inappropriately central to the practice of Islam,
and instead choose to focus on their internal and spiritual relationship with God.While some women
might choose not to wear the hijab, most Muslim women agree that it is a woman's choice whether
or not she wears the hijab. Many Muslim and Arab women who have chosen not to wear the hijab
are often staunch advocates of a woman's right to choose to

Skeletons On The Zahara Analysis
Before reading Skeletons on the Zahara, I was already aware of the brutality some Arabs/Muslims
use against Christians. The treatment of the sailors did not shock me as much as the amount of
civilizations that inhabited the Saharan desert at the time. This resulted in a lot of trading for the
Christian slaves; their system of trading was very surprising. The higher the ranking of the crew, the
more valuable you were to trade, even though their skills as sailors were never used in the desert.
Although, one man, Sidi Hamet, provided safety to as many sailors as he could, my opinion overall
on the Arabs who beat, starved, and dehydrated their slaves never changed. I still believe they were
barbaric human beings and the sailors did nothing to deserve

Arab, Muslim And Middle East
To even begin to delve into our topic, we must first define the following terms: Arab, Muslim and
Middle East. Millions of the people that fall into these categories live in the United States, yet we
hardly take the time to learn to differentiate between them thanks to the negative connotations that
are associated with each of these terms (Chin, 2009).
To be considered Arab, you or your ancestors live or lived in the Arab world and speak Arabic. The
"Arab world" is made up of 22 states and territories whom are part of the Arab League. However
many people in these states do not consider themselves Arab, thus the Arabic language is the
unifying factor among the Arabic people. A lot of the individuals who speak Arabic today are very
diverse. There is a myriad of dialects of Arabic and over 150 million people speak it. Twenty–five
countries consider Arabic an official language (even if few are fluent in it). They vary from African
to West Asian countries, however Arabs also live as minorities in many other nations. For example,
the United States (Banks, 2009).
The history of the Arabic language goes back thousands of years, thus many branches of the
language exist among many people, but its prevalence became apparent following the emergence of
Islam. The Quran was originally written in Arabic, thus through Islamic state building and
expansion, its use was extended. Islamic empires like the Umayyad Caliphate, the Ottoman Empire,
the Safavid Empire and the Mughal Empire were vast

Examples Of False Stereotypes Of Islam
Most people assume that because the Islamic prophet Muhammad is Arab, that all or most Muslims
are Arab. This is however not true. Arab and Muslim are not synonymous. This perception comes
from false stereotypes of the religion and people. Islam was first created in the Arabian Desert, now
know as Saudi Arabia, and its first practitioners were Arab. This is a key factor as to why people
believe this.
According to the American– Arab Anti–Discrimination Committee, Arab is an ethnicity of a person
who is united by culture, history, and speak Arabic as their first language. Someone who is Muslim
believes in the faith of Islam as their religion. Someone who is Arab can be a follower of many
faiths. Some of the most known religions are Christian,

Personal Narrative-Discriminatory: The Arab Muslim Country
One day, peeking out into the rapidly developing, peaceful, beautiful nation when chaos spread. Our
Country was being attacked. Word spread out Iraqi forces started attacking our borders. I, being
chief of the Kuwaiti military acted by informing out countries leader. Whom called border control
suddenly and placed the country on lockdown. Stopping any external threat immediately, However
internally trouble spread. People thought this was the beginning of the end of this country. The
decision was indecisive, & unclear. Why would a neighboring Arab Muslim country have the
audacity to conceive such actions? After all, we helped them days on end, both financially, and with
physical aid, such as building shelters, and government buildings. It all seemed to be a shock at the
time. People nowadays Blame the countries inhumane leader towards such actions. Claiming lives
of family members we knew, and loved. Regardless of action, the intent was discriminatory,
however. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
To give them the least of their gratitude. Venturing appreciation for sacrifice. After all limbs, and
lives were at stake for the future of this country. Men fought for the future of their kids. Some lost
their kids as well. All for the cause of a selfish family, families of lands fell. People woke up to find
no loved ones alive. Additionally, we must venture to prove to be stronger than before. No country
should be blamed for the forceful actions of one man. Just as like our blood spilled theirs did too,
some even forced to fight in battle. Families held ransom to employ enslaved soldiers. With no
intuition what so ever, and no will at heart for harm, simply indecision to take another life or the life
of his own kids. A decision no man should ever go through. Sadly, this was the case on that
traumatizing day. The day that had no winners, and behind no

Framing Muslim Women
These are just a few of the conditions imposed on Muslim women. What is potentially even more
harmful is Islam's obsession with (female) sexual morality."(Pg no 62)
Peter Morey and Amina yaqin in their book Framing Muslims also have pointed out the ways by
which Muslims are being sterotyped.
Ahmed,Sidrah(2014) in his research paper tries to investigate the representation of muslim women's
rights and integration by swestern media.Spencer,R and Chesler,P in their book remarked that in
Islam the custom of Female genital mutilation,wife beating,child and arranged marriage
,polygamy,purdah,easy divorce for men,female sexual and domestic slavery,veiling,routine rape and
gang rape and honor killing are more common then all other religions of the ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Its there since the crusades but after 9/11 this stereotyping has increased. These stereotypes and
misconceptions about Islam are due to the media, prejudice, and ignorance. Islam is considered as
an "extremist" or "terrorist" religion.The reports against Islam are due to ignorance and lack of
knowledge.In contrast to what the media portrays, Islam is a peaceful religion, which does not
promote violence or terrorism.
Ridouani,D(2011) in a research publication outlined the ways in which Muslims and Arabs are
conceptualized by the western media with a drastic effect on its people.As she points out"
The main concern will focus on the analysis of the distorted images, fabricated views,
overgeneralization which typically characterize the Western representation of Muslims with
reference to some particular incidents chiefly the Gulf War, the bombing of Oklahoma and the
bombardment of Twin Towers.
She carried out research on different movies,articles,books and cartoons and then concluded that
Hoodfar,H in her research article also tries to investigate that in West Muslim women are always
sterotyped and marginalized with veiling,although its not a reliougious practice.She concludes it as a
cultural practise which was coomon in many parts of the world since centuries like Byzantia and
Greeck.She called it a colonial

Muslim Slave Trade : The Arab Muslim Slave Trade Of Africa
Throughout the history of mankind, a vast variety of achievements can be noted. Whether it be the
discovery of fire, electricity, democracy, etc., humans have mastered the art of advancing
themselves toward modern civilization. However, the history of mankind is also burden with many
acts of darkness. Centuries ago, the slavery system was created and this hateful act continues to
haunt the world to this day. A common miss conception of slavery, is that it began with the
Europeans kidnapping Africans and taking them to the New World for agricultural purposes.
However, slavery stretches much farther than the early developments of the United Sates. For
example, the word slavery is derived from the root word "Slav", which originated from the the
Slavic people who were subjugated by other Europeans in the early developments of mankind.
(Azumah) Western slavery is often connected with being the most heinous act towards the African
people in history. With that said, many people are unaware of the Arab Muslim slave trade that
occurred which resulted in the deaths of millions of more African lives than American slavery.
(Azumah) After watching and reviewing the video, "The Arab Muslim Slave Trade Of Africans, The
Untold Story" the Arab Muslim Slave Trade can easily be considered one of the most devastating
events to happen to the African people and its population. The Arab Muslim Slave Trade consisted
of six major slave routes that took place across the Sahara Dessert, the Red Sea,

Islam 's Impact On The Muslim Arab World And The Middle East
According to DeSilver (2013), a senior writer for the "Pew Research Center", each day almost 1.6
billion Muslims face in the direction of Mecca – a city in Saudi Arabia – to perform their prayers;
that's over 23% of the world's population. They offer these prayers not once, but five times daily.
Furthermore, an excess of two million Muslims journeying each year to this sanctified city in lieu of
their pilgrimage is reported (Lynch, 2014); an obligation to be fulfilled at least once in a lifetime.
Moreover, Muslims make up a majority of the population in 49 countries of the world, occupying
over 20% of the world's countries. Even though Islam is often associated with the Arab world and
the Middle East, fewer than 15% of Muslims are Arab, nevertheless, Muslims on a universal scale
attribute this significant contribution and influence to their final prophet, Muhammad PBUH . So
the question arises; how did an individual born just under one and a half millennium ago gain an
influence on such a large scale that his teachings and traditions became deep–rooted in multi–ethnic
cultures and societies throughout the world?
A fleeting glimpse
A moment of nostalgia narrates to us the story of Muhammad PBUH, the son of Abdullah, born in
the year 570CE in Mecca, a mountain town in the high desert plateau of western Arabia. As his
father had died shortly after marriage, his grandfather Abd al–Muttalib became his guardian. Abd
al–Muttalib was the respected head of the clan of Hashim and the

Islam’S Nationalism, Ethnicity, And Religion . Since The
Islam's Nationalism, Ethnicity, and Religion
Since the beginning of time humans have always wanted to belong to a group whether it be faith,
nationality, or society. Nevertheless, Islam's theories and ideologies regarding nationalism, religion,
and ethnicity are different compared to most. Christianity is one of the biggest and most known
religions in modern day. However, if we compare the two we can see that they are different, but
similar in many aspects and backgrounds. Comparing the two will entail a better understanding on
the importance, impact, and approaches that one can pursue to better define Islam and Christianity's
impact in modern day. First, understanding the background and core of Islam is vital to better
understating its ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Truly the Arab has no superiority over the non–Arab nor the non–Arab over the Arab" (Cooks 8).
Unlike Christianity who endure hardship over the Jew and non–Jew ideology, Islam went on to
expand greatly.
The identity of Islam was no more; anyone could join whether you were Arab or non–Arab the
playing field had been leveled. This led to the expansion of Islam and its followers increasing. Also,
their unity in stripping away ethnicity and promoting unity attracted more followers. However,
identity and politics later developed into inequalities between Arab and non–Arabs in the early
1730's in Istanbul (Cooks 18). This played a role in discrimination and turmoil between the two
groups. Many argued that non–Arabs couldn't run the country and that non–Arabs got better jobs
than Arabs. Nevertheless, they overcame this issue and preserved Islam. In doing Muslim solidarity
had denied and strayed away from Western–nationalist ideologies, but it almost cost them their
existence.
However, it also preserved their religion and unified them together, but their identity was still
questionable. Fast forward to modern day the Muslin identity crisis is at its highest point many Arab
countries believe in nationalism, but many Muslims condemn it (Cooks 43). They believe that Islam
itself has no

Prejudice And Discrimination Against Muslims
Have you ever thought about how many Muslims are discriminated on a day to day basis? On
account of discrimination, it's a prejudiced or prejudicial outlook, action or treatment and this is
based on the Merriam Webster's Collegiate Dictionary. Discrimination against Muslims majorly
happens in the MDC's and core countries in the Northern hemisphere. Those Countries are
predominantly a Christian based nations and so they consider Muslims violent based on past
experience and start discriminating all Muslims even though only few are violent.
Thesis statement: Because of the 911 attacks, Muslims have been profiled and targeted, lost their
jobs and potential job opportunities, and these discriminating acts are mostly against people from
the Middle ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
According to a website "gallup.com" Islamophobia is described to be an exaggerated fear, hatred
and hostility towards Islam and Muslims that is perpetuated by negative stereotypes resulting in
bias, discrimination and the marginalization and exclusion of Muslims from social, political and
civic life. According to "Progressive.org", a new study shows that bias against Muslim Americans is
having an impact on their job prospects, especially in red states. In those red states, only 2 percent
of applications by the Muslim candidate received interviewed invitations compared to 17 percent for
the Christian candidate, the study finds. A friend of mine who is a Muslim told me that after 9/11,
her father lost his job, and was arrested for questioning because he was Muslim and an Arab. This
directly goes against the standards America was built upon. A result from progressive.org also found
out that "Since 9/11, Muslim–Americans have claimed 33 lives in the United States, out of more
than the 180,000 murders committed in the U.S during this

Use Of Offensiveness And Offensive Advertising On The Arab...
This research investigates the nature of offensiveness and offensive advertising from the viewpoint
of the millennial youth in Egypt (an Arab world Muslim dominated country). It aims to understand
what these youth reflections on religiosity are and whether they affects their views on what is
considered to be offensive in advertising. The problem of offensive advertising and religiosity is that
they are highly subjective issues where even youth that come from the same culture, demographics
and ideologies could have very varied identifications of what they are. Therefore this study will
attempt to get an in–depth understanding of what offensive advertising and religiosity mean in the
eyes of millennial youth in Egypt and how their views affect their purchase intentions.
This research is set within the crossover of the fields of business ethics, consumer behaviour,
Islamic marketing and offensive advertising. There is very little research that has an in–depth
interpretation of what offensiveness and religiosity is according to Muslim consumers especially the
youth while associating its effect on their purchase intentions. Hence this thesis will fill the gap of
knowledge in understanding Muslim consumers and their views on offensive advertising.
This study is important because advertising is one of the most powerful, ubiquitous and persuasive
phenomena in the modern world. It has wide–ranging social, economic, ethical impacts on culture,
lifestyles, consumption and choice

Wow. I Just Finished My Last Semester As An Undergraduate
Wow. I just finished my last semester as an undergraduate student, and my last semester in school
for the foreseeable future. After spending the last 17 years of my life as a 'student' I don't think it has
quite hit me that I am essentially done. Looking back at all of this school, one thing rings true. It is
the courses which pushed me outside of my comfort zone that I remember best. From my Arabic
class in Morocco, to my first ever music class, to the first time I was told to write poetry, these are
the courses that don't blend in with the backdrop of my education. These courses stand out because
they required more work, and because they forced me to think outside of my normal pattern. Arabs
and Muslims in the Media has been one of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Because it actually caused me to look back and think differently about the media that I consume,
which is a learning outcome that I did not anticipate from this class. The most powerful part of that
book, for me, was the discussion of 'preferred meaning,' and how even media that supposedly has
positive Arab or Muslim characters can still have a problematic thesis. Now that we have read and
discussed this book, I am starting to see examples of it everywhere. Just a few days ago, I saw a
news article talking about a FBI operative who married a jihadist and "went rogue," which is just a
different way for the author to say "went Muslim." Beginning to see examples of this everywhere is
good for me. I tend to consider myself as being more biased towards Islam than against it. I have
seen too much warmth and hospitality from Muslim friends to feel differently. But I have realized
that I have been subconsciously drawing a mental divide, between my experiences and the media's
portrayals. Obviously, I would still have been frustrated with more blatant problematic portrayals,
but I never would have looked at (for example) Kingdom of Heaven as fitting into that category.
The fact that this class has broken down some of those walls for me, and has lead me to see more
clearly the sheer scope of the problem is probably the most significant way in which this class will
have an effect on my life going

Ridouani Western Representation

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