Essay On Freedom Rides

Essay On Freedom Rides
The Freedom Rides of 1965 led by Charles Perkins was an intense road trip of protesting; visiting
around 21 towns and cities across the northern parts of New South Wales and even crossing the
border into Queensland. The group of 29 Sydney University students and Charles Perkins hired a
bus for the long thirteen day journey traveling 3200km to raise awareness, and improve, the terrible
state of inequality and discrimination the aborigines were experiencing in the sixties. The freedoms
rides definitely had a huge effect on the 1967 Referendum, protesting to huge amounts of people
across 21 towns and cities convincing many white Australians to give the Aboriginals the equal
rights they have. Also influencing the Aboriginal people to stand up for ... Show more content on
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In 1963 Shirley Andrews and Barry Christophers, who founded the Equal Wages for Aborigines
Committee, started a campaign for equal pay rights and pointed out notions of equality would not be
true unless they were reflected in the pay packet. And a year later in 1964, 3 years before the
referendum, the North Australian Workers Union presented a case for equal wages for Aboriginal
pastoral workers. The case of equal pay was being heard in 1966, on year before the referendum,
which brought a lot of attention to the discrimination and unfairness of the Aborigines further
helping the Referendum of 1967. But also in in 1962 the Commonwealth Electoral Act was
amended to give Indigenous people the choice to enroll and vote if they wished to, but it wasn't
compulsory like the rest of the population. Finally in 1965 Indigenous people in all states,
Queensland being the last state to pass the law, gained the exact same voting rights as any other
Australian and was allowed to vote in state elections. The voting rights being given to Aboriginals
was the biggest contributor to the overwhelming yes vote for the 1967
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Analysis Of The Freedom Riders
Nearly a century after the civil war ended, African Americans continued to encounter
discrimination, racism, inequality, and segregation. Because of their skin color, they were labeled as
second–class citizens. They decided to take actions into their own hands and fight against
segregation and attain equal civil liberties. They have faced countless battles, setbacks and
enormous resistance. Activists from all around the country, with all types of backgrounds joined in
on the fight against racial injustice. Their main strategy emphasized passive resistance and
nonviolence. On May 4th, 1961, thirteen brave individuals set out on a mission to start a national
movement to overturn segregation in the south. Under the leadership of Congress of Racial Equality,
seven African Americans and six whites traveled together on two commercial buses, the Greyhound
and the Trailways. They called themselves "The Freedom Riders." They intended to travel from
Washington DC to New Orleans, Louisiana together. On the way, they would deliberately violated
Jim Crow laws. The Freedom Riders risked being assaulted, arrested, and even killed. Many other
civil rights activists opposed their plan because they felt the idea was too confrontational and
dangerous, and could possibly result in a setback for the civil rights movement. Despite the risks
and opposition, the Freedom Riders did not abort their mission. The activists were tired of waiting,
therefore they decided that they are not going to

Freedom Ride Research Paper
The Freedom Ride had occurred in 1965 with the aim of drawing attention to poor state of
Aboriginals and Torres Strait Islanders health, education, housing and ultimately, they state of their
wellbeing. The freedom ride was a bus trip organized by the students of the University of Sydney.
The students had formed the Student Action For Aboriginals (SAFA) in 1964 to plan this trip and
had finally did the tour in 1965. Charles Perkins, a 3rd year art student, was made president of
SAFA. The Freedom Ride was caused by student of the University of Sydney and there plan to do a
bus your around western New South Wales. They had toured to various places such as Walgett,
Gulargambone, Kempsey and Moree. They hoped to destroy the barriers between the ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
The policy of assimilation was defined at the 1961 Native Welfare Conference of Federal and State
Ministers with the terms that Aboriginals were to be treated like every other Australian and were to
be given the rights and privileges of other Australians. With the help of this policy, Aboriginals and
Torres Strait Islanders have been given the rights to full wages, the right to vote and the right to be
counted as an Australian through the census. The policy of integration was a way for the Australian
Government to try getting the Aboriginals to integrate some parts of the Australian culture into their
own. The Commonwealth emphasizes on improving areas such as health, education and
employment to help Aboriginals with their economic and social advances without being so highly

Freedom Rides Case Study
The Freedom Rides was a campaign, lead by Aboriginal student Charles Perkins, that highlighted
and brought international attention to the racism, poor state of Aboriginal health, education and
housing in western and coastal New South Wales towns. The campaign consisted of a group formed
at the University of Sydney called the Student Action for Aborigines (SAFA), who travelled around
NSW towns protesting the rights for Aboriginal people, aiming to decrease the socially
discriminatory barriers existing between the Aboriginal and 'white' community. They were witness
to violence and serious discrimination as they protested and picketed at community segregation
areas such as pools, parks and pub. By the conclusion of the campaign, Charles Perkins ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They stood from midday to sundown, chanting words and holding banners with the phrase 'Good
enough for Tobruk – why not Walgett RSL?'. The campaigning quickly aggravated and provoked the
'white' community to heated debate and arguments. So much so that two attempts were made to
drive the bus off the road. Similar events occurred in multiple other towns visited. One of the most
significant and successful confrontations occurred in Moree where authorised segregation was
encountered at the prohibition of Aboriginal people from the community swimming pool. A law
devised by the Moree council prevented Indigenous people from entering the Moree Baths and Pool.
The Freedom Riders gathered a number of Aboriginal children in an attempt to gain access to the
pool. When denied entry the students barricaded the entrance causing a violent dispute which lasted
three hours. As a crowd gathered, fights broke out, people were knocked over, punches and eggs
were thrown at the protesters and several arrests were made. As shown in figure 2, the newspaper
clipping suggests that there was an extensive amount of violence and that "white woman were
jeered and spat on". The movement gained extensive media coverage and it became the best known
and most photographed event of the Freedom Ride. It brought national attention to the injustices of

Personal Narrative Essay On Freedom Rides
It was just another Sunday morning. There were birds chirping, sun shining, people driving fords
and Chevrolet's up and down the streets. When I got out of bed and went downstairs I saw that my
family had already started breakfast and were all still at the table and talking faintly about
something very quietly. My mother noticed me walk into the kitchen and told me that the rest of the
family had just finished breakfast and that I could pull up a T.V. tray and watch Sing Along With
Mitch with my older brother and sister and that she would make me some "Flapjacks" and be there
in a flash. So I went into the den and my brother and sister were there talking and greeted me. I
asked my brother why they were whispering and my mom shot him a look saying and he said
"Never mind, it doesn't matter" and then I felt that ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
And as we continued on we turned on the TV and saw a public service announcement saying "With
the cooperation of the cops, on May 15, 1961, a mob containing more than 100 members of the
KKK ambush the Freedom Riders in Anniston AL, attacking the Greyhound bus, smashing
windows, slashing tires. The bus tried to flee the scene, but the attackers gave chase, halting the bus
on the outskirts of town, and then setting it on fire with Molotov's. The mob traps the Freedom
Rides on the other side of the doors shut to burn the Riders alive. Luckily, The Alabama Highway
Patrol has an undercover cop on board and He pulls his gun to force the KKK back, and people
suddenly tumble off the bus barely escaping with their lives just before the gas tanks explode.
SNCC student Hank Thomas was beaten with a baseball bat in the head while other Freedom Riders
are assaulted. When the violence weakens, a 12 year old American girl who lives nearby defies the
taunts and insults of the KKK to bring water for the bleeding Riders who are still choking from the
smoke. For daring to help the injured Riders, she and her family are later banned and forced to

Persuasive Essay About My Best Friends
Making never thought to be friends. I never thought in my wildest dreams that I would ever be
friends with Julie. I have never seen her in 2 years and suddenly we're best friends. Goes when we
never saw each other, she ran away, the carnival, and the movies. First, when I first started going to
my grandmother's when I was 9. My aunt Jessica still was friends with my grandmother albeit she is
her daughter. So I would come over to their house. I never talked to Julie so I didn't know much
about her. I would usually play with Jacob or Jami. One day when Jessica's husband, Josh left, Jami
at the park by herself, and someone calls Child Protective Services on them and we don't know who,
but they said that my grandmother called. Now I know for a fact that she didn't and whoever said
she did is lying. Jessica was enraged by this and never talked to my grandmother once. So I never
was allowed to see that part of the family often. When Julie was younger, she believed in that
grandmother was in the wrong. (Complex)
Second, once Julie turned 18 she escaped out of the house with barely anything of hers. She was not
treated well in that house. After 2 years, she found love for my grandmother. (Complex) She went to
my grandmother's to have a place to stay, she had her a boyfriend Kyle is staying with her. She is
staying there for how long, I don't know. When I went there for the summertime like I
conventionally do. I said hi to her, so casually we became friends. She brought me to drive to the
movies with her boyfriend and his acquaintances. It was an ok movie but it wasn't that terrific.
Third, we are fairly proximate friends now she by chance will bring me places with her. Where we
customarily drive was Jewel Osco, which is like 10 minutes away from my grandmother's. She
usually goes there like every other day, but not when the car has no gas. (Compound) She brought
me to the fair in Peoria. It was frolicsome only on the first day, for marginally of the time.
(Compound) The last time I went there It was just us so it was fun. She bought tickets for her and
me, she didn't buy and other tickets, we kenned we weren't going to be there for long so It didn't in
reality establish sense to waste Mazuma. So we went on the

Literary Symbols In Graphic Novels
When picking up a graphic novel about civil rights you might not expect it to have as much content
or value as books such as "Why We Can't Wait" and "Bearing the Cross" by Martin Luther King Jr.
Traditional literary texts are widely accepted, whereas graphic novels are often viewed as childish
due to the comic–book style. However, illustrations in graphic novels enhance literary meaning by
proving additional context, emotion, and characterization. John Lewis's graphic novel "March Book
Two", more specifically the "Burning Bus Scene", Nick Powell, the illustrator, uses context,
emotion, and characterization to make Lewis's point especially clear.
Graphic novel illustrations provide context to construct future events. John Lewis, while
participating in a Freedom Ride from Washington D.C. to New Orleans, had received an invitation
to participate in a service project in India. As a result, Lewis got off the bus and stayed the night at
Friendship Junior College after some trouble in Rock Hill, SC. Lewis decided to turn down the
service opportunity and instead wanted to meet back up with the bus in Nashville. Before continuing
his Freedom Ride, John Lewis attended a picnic to celebrate the successful desegregation of a
community theater. Lewis planned that, "Afterwards, I would set off to rejoin the freedom rides"
(Lewis and Aydin 2:46). What Lewis hadn't known was that his bus had been attacked. The
powerful image of the burning bus (Figure 1), found prior to the announcement of

The Civil Rights Movement Of James Farmer Essay
"Freedom and equality are inherent rights in the United States: therefore, I encourage young people
to take on the task by standing up and speaking out on behalf of people denied those rights. We have
not yet finished the job of making our country whole"
– James Farmer, 19
James Farmer was one of the "Big Four" of the civil rights movement era of the nineteen hundreds,
he called for racial harmony through non–violence. James Farmer helped shape civil rights
movements with his use of non–violent protest and activism. This non–violence led to popular
support for the civil rights and voting rights acts that would be passed in 1964. James Farmer's stand
for racial harmony and nonviolence, led to freedom rides, sit–ins, and the founding of CORE
(Congress of Racial Equality). He used many different mediums for his (stand taking) throughout
his (career), of which include: Congress of Racial Equality, the NAACP (National Association for
the Advancement of Colored People), and other labor and civil rights groups.
In the early 20th century it was commonplace for African–Americans to be segregated from
(Whites) in the United States of America. Separate seats in buses, different waiting rooms in
doctors' offices, separate entrances, and it was even illegal in Missouri for people to make
"arguments or suggestions in favor of social equalities or of interracial between whites and
Negroes". The legal system and groups of terrorists, such as the Ku Klux Klan supported
segregation. For

The Freedom Rides By Andrew Williams
Freedom Rides Essay History Andrew Williams There were contentions both for and against the
Freedom Rides in 1965. In spite of the fact that it profited and indefinitely supported and raised
awareness to the aboriginal races inequality, it was still a questionable act that produced both
approval and criticism from the Australian Public. I used a newspaper article, a photograph and a
legal document to argue the significant contribution of the freedom rides to the equality of the
indigenous population. My first source is an example of forced segregation and a major motivation
for the Riders, I will explain how my first source shows how this contributed to significant changes
in law and policy's. Protesters produced numerous gatherings based on racism, for the most part
among the white people in outer NSW towns. The whites in the towns the protesters went by
increased restrictions and the derogatory separation that it coordinated at the indigenous people, and
was resolved in keeping the Aboriginal extremely far from the racists of the town, as did most of the
accepting population. It limited the aborigines from sharing a portion of the spaces they used, for
example, bars, pools, etc. In my first source I decided to use a copy of a form used to grant access to
aboriginal reserves. This source is a document from the Aborigines Welfare Board that gave the
SAFA freedom riders permission to enter a specific aboriginal reserve in 1966. This document
shows that the aborigines

Nsw Freedom Rides Essay
The NSW freedom rides occurred in 1965 from the 12th of February to the 26th February starting in
Sydney, travelling through inland NSW and finishing in Sydney. The Freedom Rides were lead by
Kumantjayi (Charles) Perkins who was a member of the SAFA (Student Action for Aborigines) club
in the University of Sydney. The activists were concerned with the: Aboriginal living and health
issues; aboriginal people being made to live on reserves out of town; local authorities denying
Aboriginal people to facilities (hotels, club, swimming pools, service in shops, and equal treatment
in cinemas); the ways in which rural communities discriminated against Aboriginal people. The
Activists impacted upon the opinions of individual people, the public and of the government by
raising public awareness, recognising Charles Perkins as a national figure and by providing support
for the 1967 Referendum. The 1960's were an influential time for Australia due to the changing
rights and freedoms for African–American citizens and inspired the NSW ... Show more content on
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The freedom ride became apart of a campaign movement that resulted in the 1967 referendum to
remove discrimination against Aboriginal people from the Australian Constitution. As quoted from
JJ Spigelman, then Chief of Justice of the NSW Supreme Court – "The contribution Charlie made
during this period was to confront Australia with issues which it would have preferred gone." This
quote outlines the impact the NSW Freedom Rides had upon the nation due to the public denying
being racist and eventually realising the discrimination and eventually achieving positive change.
The increased public awareness of racial discrimination within Australia helped create a context in
which this referendum could

Essay On The Freedom Ride
Following, on May 4, 1961, a mixed group of 13 African Americans and white civil rights activist
led the Freedom Rides (Freedom Rides?). Similar, to the Montgomery Bus Boycott, the Freedom
Rides traveled to various cities in the south to protest against segregation of the bus terminals.
History.com staff concurs "the Freedom Rides, a series of bus trips through the American South to
protest segregation in interstate bus terminals." The purpose of the freedom riders was to openly
disobey the Jim Crow laws in the south in a nonviolent fashion. This was a dangerous journey, many
of these people were beaten, arrested, and even the buses were destroyed. Yet, they persevered
("Freedom Riders: The Nashville Connection"). History.com staff, adds "The Freedom Riders, were
recruited by the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE), a U.S. civil rights group, they departed from
Washington D.C., and attempted to integrate facilities at bus terminals along the way in the Deep
South." African Americans would try to use the "whites only" bathrooms and counters, which
attracted attention and violence (Freedom Rides). According to the history.com staff due to the
efforts of the Freedom Rides, "in September 1961, the interstate Commerce Commission issued
regulations prohibiting segregation in bus and train nationwide." The ... Show more content on
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Kennedy and later signed by president Lyndon Johnson ended segregation. History.com staff agrees,
"The Civil Rights Act, ended segregation in public places and banned employment discrimination
on the basis of race, color, religion, sex or national origin, is considered one of the crowning
legislative achievements of the civil rights movement." The decision to approve this act was a long
process lasting 22 days. Congress voted 71 in favor 29 against; thus, the act has passed into law
(Civil Rights Act of 1964); the law is considered one of the greatest advancement in the civil rights

An Analysis of Freedom Riders: The Documentary by Stanley...
Stanley Nelson chronicles the journey of a group of individuals, known as the Freedom Riders,
whom fought for the rights of African Americans to have the same amenities and access as the
Caucasians. The purpose of the Freedom Rides was to deliberately violate the Jim Crow laws of the
south that prohibited blacks and whites from mixing together on buses and trains. Expectedly, many
of the Freedom Riders were beaten and the majority was imprisoned. This carried on for the
majority of 1961 and culminated with the Interstate Commerce Commission issuing an order to end
the segregation in bus and rail stations. Nelson encapsulates this entire movement in about two
hours. At the end of the two hours, the viewer is emotionally tied to the ... Show more content on
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It gives us one of the many messages the movement gave us, which is that the strength of a
movement lays within the determination of the people. It is immediately conveyed when the shot
began with Rep. Lewis' words "and that nothing, but nothing, was going to stop this movement."
Nelson slowly backs out of the shot to reveal more members of the Freedom Riders as the music
intensifies. This reveals the gradual increase of participation in the Freedom Rides. The shot began
with just one white person and Nelson is conveying the small number of whites that participated in
the beginning. As the shot expands, more white people are included proportionately to the blacks
(more blacks than whites). While the shot is backing out, Nelson randomly replaces one Rider with
another. I believe that he is suggesting while each rider was autonomous, they were all one. As one,
they all share the collective goal of ultimately destroying segregation. The music that is playing in
the background lends incredible support to the shot. Nelson is trying to create a sense of
understanding of what these individuals endured while at the same time creating a sense of
optimism that the hardships the Freedom Riders endured would not be in vein. The collection of
Riders fades, as the music continues to play, to a newspaper heading that reads "ICC Forbids Bus
station Segregation." Quickly, it fades to another headline that reads "Bus Terminals Told to Mix Up
or Close Up" as historian Raymond

The Freedom Rides: Student Action For Aborigines
In February 1965, a young group of regular students from the University of Sydney organised a bus
tour that ran through the Western and Coastal New South Wales towns. These bus tours targeted
towns such as Walgett, Moree and Kempsey and were recognised as The Freedom Rides. The group
aimed with hope to acknowledge and expose to the public the socially discriminatory barriers which
existed between Aboriginals and white people. The student body called their group 'Student Action
for Aborigines' (SAFA) and aimed to draw the public's attention to the appalling treatment and state
of Aboriginal health, education and living conditions in Australia as well as the issue that
Aboriginals were not counted as Australian citizens. The students attention

Alabama Bus Boycott : A Civil Association For The...
Following the seemingly successful 1950's Montgomery, Alabama bus boycott, a protest for
segregation where African Americans under the National Association for the Advancement of
Colored People (NAACP) refused to ride Alabama buses, ending after 381 days when the Supreme
Court ordered Alabama to integrate its bus systems, the state figuratively dragged its heels in
changing its transit. In fact, ten years later when the Supreme Court ruled segregated buses
unconstitutional nationwide, yet southern states still refused to integrate their buses, despite
attending college for a ministerial career and knowing the likelihood that the southerners would
violently resist, James L. Farmer Jr. , a Gandhi–influenced activist, saw the opportunity to hold
these states accountable. To do so, Farmer, organizing what he came to call "Freedom Rides", set
out to train 12 volunteers along with himself in nonviolent protest to prepare the riders to ride
through those stubborn states, in turn desegregating them . While acquiring his degree from Howard
University, the college where he decided to co–found and Direct the Congress of Racial Equality
(CORE) Farmer studied Gandhi, this strongly influencing the activist to approach the protest
peacefully . Choosing to model the Freedom Rides after a similar bus protest, Farmer followed
Bayard Rustin's "Journey of Reconciliation"; however, unlike Rustin, Farmer emphasized
thoroughly training his riders in a three–day workshop that focused on

The Journey Of Reconciliation And The Freedom Rides
In the books, A Nation Forged in War: How World War II Taught Americans to Get Along by
Thomas Bruscino and Freedom's Main Line: The Journey of Reconciliation and the Freedom Rides
by Derek Charles Catsam, both focus on the subject of racism, religious tolerance, and segregation.
Although both books deal with the same topic the authors have different opinions toward what was
the cause of the beginning of bringing these matters to an end. These are a few of the reasons the
authors give for their opinions on the subject. Throughout A Nation Forged in War Thomas Bruscino
states his belief that the rise of ethnic tolerance was due to military service during World War II. His
first piece of evidence he uses for this claim is that the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They listened to hearts, checked feet, examined buttocks, and took urine specimens." Although
many men felt this process was a horrible event that stripped them of their dignity it did have the
positive outcome of bringing these men of different ethnicities and religions together. In Freedom's
Main Line, Derek Catsam argues that the most important battle for civl rights was segregated
transportation. The first piece of evidence Catsam provides for this statement is that segregated
transportation sparked the beginning of the freedom riders. The Freedom Riders were a group of
civil rights activists who would ride interstate buses into the segregated southern United States
beginning in 1961. Their reason for beginning this act was to challenge the lack of enforcement of
the United States Supreme Court's decision that segregated buses were unconstitutional. Another
piece of evidence he details is the numerous amounts of cases brought to the supreme court due to
segregated transportation, some of the cases being Brown v. Board, Morgan v. Virginia, and
Boynton v. Virginia. The Brown v. Board case was a landmark United States Supreme court case in
which the court established state laws declaring that separate public schools for white and black
students was unconstitutional. The Morgan v. Virginia case was a major United States Supreme
Court case that

Personal Narrative : The Dream Of Going To Disneyland
Finally the day has came, ever since I was born I have dreamed of going to Disneyland. Tomorrow
my mom, dad (Bob), sister (Emily) and I are leaving to go there. (THE NEXT DAY!) ¨YAYYYY!" I
shouted . (2 HOURS LATER) It was everything I had ever dreamed of. Except there was this sign in
the front before we checked in. It read: RULES; 1. NEVER feed the animals. 2. Listen to the
instructors, and most importantly DON´T stay all day and night, pick one . What I thought of the
rules, well first of all rule one is probably so they don don't get spoiled. Number too is so they don't
have bratts running everywhere. Thirdly rule three is probably so you don't get heat stroke.(We
Walked In) O M G ! It was everything I have ever dreamed of. Better than any picture I have ever
seen, or movie I have ever watched!! The lights were as sparkly as dancing stars, the music was was
like all the happiness combine. The air smelled of magic, and most of all... The rides were between
scary, cute, and funny! This day might just be the best day of my entire life! I know the rules said
not to stay all day, but again it is probably just so you don't get heat stroke or something. We played
on all day and went on almost every ride. I know the sun was setting and it was getting dark, but I
had to go on the ride that we skipped. It was the haunted house ride, I was terrified and always have
been terrified of that ride. Earlier that day we heard this story about that exact same haunted house,
the exact same

The Freedom Riders
AAAA XXXX
Ms. VVVV
English BBB
Period N
18 March 2013
Freedom Riders Backlash The Freedom Riders strive through a journey of hardships to have their
point accepted by others, which was bus desegregation. Through the journey the Freedom Rides
took some obstacles that affected them physically and mentally. They fought threw times like the
downfalls that their movement brought and the mobs that greeted them in every state. The mobs
were verbally and physically violent towards the Freedom Riders more than a few times while their
movement went on. The Freedom Riders went through a devastating downfall through their
movement. In May of 1961, the Greyhound carried the Freedom Riders into South Carolina where,
like Carson's article ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In another article, MLKJ, the author claims , "Aniston local authorities had given permission to the
Ku Klux Klan to strike against the Freedom Riders without fear." (MLKJ 1). The KKK ambushed
the buses without fear of becoming arrested. Their hope was to stop other young civilians from
joining the Freedom Riders. This is similar to what it states in "MLKJ", it states that, "One of the
buses was firebombed and its fleeing passengers were forced into the angry white mob." (MLKJ)
The Klan tortured them while police and others stood aside and allowed the Klan to have their time.
The movement from southern state to southern state included several beatings and many severe
injuries. According to Tamika Thompsons, "The activists risked their lives in a nonviolent and
brilliant series of actions that were met with violence and brutal attacks." (Riding for Freedom 1).
She was referring to the Freedom Riders. They came up with the idea of standing up for their
principles instead of life. In Carmichael Stokley "Freedom Rides", he discussed how a black man
stood up for another black man named James Zwerg and took all his beatings. James Zwerg still
went to the hospital unconscious but not knowing if the man who stood up for him survived.
(Stokley 3). The Freedom Riders were willing to accept death and keep going until they are able to
ride anywhere in the South. The Freedom Riders had to endure terrifying bus rides, during their
protest against bus

How Did The Freedom Riders Impact The Civil Rights Movement?
"If not us then who? If not now then when? Will someone else's children have to risk their lives
instead of us risking our own?" (John Lewis, a former Freedom Rider). The Freedom Riders were a
group of more than 400 blacks and whites who endured great amounts of hate and violence, simply
for riding together on buses and trains in the South. They impacted the civil rights movement by
creating a large public outcry for their struggles, which eventually led to laws prohibiting segregated
transportation. The Freedom Riders sought to test the enforcement of the Supreme Court's 1960
ruling in Boynton v. Virginia which declared segregated public transportation unconstitutional, in
buses and bus terminals across the South (Questia). The mission of the Freedom Riders was "to
make bus desegregation," as a CORE (Congress of Racial Equality) press ... Show more content on
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It was now illegal to segregate black and white people on interstate buses and facilities. And even
greater than their tangible achievements was the great legacy that they left on the civil rights
movement. The Freedom Rider's ability to remain nonviolent and still succeed left a great
impression on the American people and the world at large, and paved the way for many future non
violent civil rights demonstrations, such as the Birmingham campaign of 1963 and the Selma to
Montgomery marches of 1965. The Freedom Riders made a profound impact on the civil rights
movement by creating a large public outcry for their struggles, which eventually led to laws
prohibiting segregated transportation. Their courage and bravery in the face of a multitude of violent
attacks, helped to bring the struggles of African Americans to a prominent national and global stage.
Because of the courageous efforts of the Freedom Riders, bus desegregation was no longer simply
the written law. It was a

Racial Discrimination And The Freedom Rides
Racial discrimination is an inevitable concern in this current society. In Australia, it was an
underlying, yet very apparent issue during the mid 1900's. However, this began to change with the
assistance of Indigenous Australian Charles Perkins and Sydney University students. They aimed to
break the various physical and social barriers between Aboriginals and white Australians by touring
Northern New South Wales. This was officially known as the 1965 Freedom Rides. It can be
hypothesised that there were multiple factors that were involved in the 1965 Freedom Rides that
contributed remarkably towards the 1967 Referendum. The evidence gathered from multiple sources
aim to support the thesis statement, discussing matters involving the aims and outcomes of the
Freedom Rides, the media involvement in the Freedom Rides, as well as the laws and rights formed
in the Referendum as a result of the Freedom Rides increasing awareness of racial inequality. These
factors notify the significance of the Freedom Rides. Firstly, there were many aims and outcomes
achieved in the Freedom Rides that had a significant effect on the Australian community. In a
newspaper article by The Sydney Herald in 1965 that was aimed towards the general public, it
reported that the Freedom Riders strived to break down the barriers of the Indigenous by using
passive resistance. It was said that the group of Australians would hold demonstrations in certain
towns, communicating and displaying awareness of

Violence In The Freedom Rides
Freedom Riders exposed the many ways of Southern resistance by the numerous acts of violence
committed towards them. Violence was experienced not from civilians, police officers and a mass of
Ku Klux Klan members (KKK). The Freedom riders faced bus bombings, being beaten, and near
lynching. The Freedom Riders decided to unmask what was happening in the south to showcase the
non–enforcement of the United States Supreme Court decisions Morgan v. Virginia in 1946 and
Boynton v. Virginia in 1960, which ruled that segregated public buses were unconstitutional.The
Southern states had ignored the rulings and the federal government did nothing to enforce them.
"The Riders' dangerous passage through the bus terminals and jails of the Jim Crow South
represented only one part of an extended journey for justice that stretched back to the dawn of
American history and beyond" (Arsenault 10). The Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) sponsored
most of the Freedom Rides, but some were also organized by the Student Nonviolent Coordinating
Committee (SNCC). The Freedom Rides consisted of dramatic sit–ins against segregated lunch
counters, conducted by students and youth throughout the South, and boycotts of retail
establishments that maintained segregated facilities, beginning in 1960.The Supreme Court's
decision in Boynton supported the right of interstate travelers to disregard local segregation
ordinances. Southern local and state police considered the actions of the Freedom Riders to be

Film Analysis: The Freedom Ride
The documentary begins by explaining that the Freedom Rides was a civil rights movement, in
which both black and white people had to get onto buses and drive into the South. They wanted to
"test and challenge" segregated public places. The participants were aware that they could be
insulted and harmed. There specific goal was to go into the "deep South" and end in New Orleans.
They specifically wanted the Freedom Ride to become a movement. Segregation was the way of life
in the South. White people thought blacks were inferior and that they could not go into the same
facilities or even sit together in the busses. The next thing that the film focuses on is John F.
Kennedy's relation with race and racism. Since the Democratic party was mainly supported by the
white South, President Kennedy permitted and tolerated segregation. In order to get the attention of
President Kennedy, the CORE organization aimed to create a nonviolent movement, such as the
Freedom Ride to confront the segregation in the south. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The first few days were uneventful, and things seemed easy. Some of the leaders of the Freedom
Ride met Martin Luther King. Dr. King told them that things were going to get bad in Alabama and
that he would not go with them and that neither should they. As they arrived at Alabama, they had
their first violent encounter with white southerners. One window of the bus was broken, and a fire
was started in the bus. When the Freedom Riders got to Birmingham, Alabama, they were met with
an angry, racist mob. They were assaulted and horribly beaten. This brought worldwide attention to
the U.S. and gave Kennedy and the country

Charles Perkins 1965 Freedom Ride
The Charles Perkins 1965 freedom ride was the act of a group of university students organised to
have a bus tour of western and coastal New South Wales towns. The whole point of the freedom ride
was to draw attention to the state in which aboriginal health, education and housing was in, it was in
a poor state. There goal was to hopefully point out and to help lessen the social discrimination
against aboriginals that had existed between them and white residents. The group of students formed
this group and called it "Student Action for Aborigines" (SAFA) IN 1964 to plan out how the trip
would go and try and get media coverage. Advantages The advantages of the 1965 freedom ride
were that they did generate a lot of attention and publicity to the Aboriginal Equality Movement,
which had led to quite a lot of public pressure being put on the government to take action on the
Aboriginal discrimination. It exposed the discrimination that was going on in cities and country
towns and it also had made a big impact on helping Aboriginals to take an active role in resisting the
discrimination. Disadvantages ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The freedom ride had caused a lot of conservative Australians to argue to keep the continued
segregation of the Aboriginal population, even some aboriginal groups were unhappy with the
freedom ride because they believed that they simply "stirred up trouble" in all the towns they visited
and then left all the villagers to deal with the consequences afterwards. The freedom ride also
formed many opposition groups, mostly from the white population in rural areas. The white
population in the rural areas were racist and unaccepting in the towns the freedom ride visited and
they were sure they wanted to keep the aboriginals away from the white populated areas of the

Charles Perkins Freedom Rides
Explain the significance of the freedom rides lead by Charles Perkins: Charles Perkins was the
elected leader of the Student Action For Aborigines. On the 12th of February 1965, Charles Perkins
and Jim Spigelman led about 28 members of Student Action For Aborigines on a 14–day 3200–
kilometre bus tour of new south wales. Their focus was the desegregation of leisure facilities. They
publicised discrimination used non–violent direct action. The first two stops were at Wellington and
Gulargambone the aboriginal people spoke about their need for housing and access to fresh water on
the reserves but believed hat racial discrimination was such a major problem that SAFA could not
help. Source A Walgett RSL refused entry to aborigines including

Freedom Rides Research Paper
Freedom Rides were a group of northern African–Americans who rode buses to protest segregation.
The buses rode into the South in order to challenge racial segregation. In 1961 James Peck , a white
Civil Rights Activist, joined other CORE members on a historic bus trip across the south. The two
bus trips would test the Supreme Court decisions banning segregated seating on interstate bus routes
and segregated facilities in bus terminals. They left Washington to combine places at bus terminals
in the South.They also tried to go to places where only whites were allowed. They encountered
violence from white protestors along the way. Many more people became involved with this
movement within moments. In 1961, the Interstate Commerce Commission

The Importance Of Freedom Rides
Imagine how it would feel if you were not allowed to go into the same bathroom as everyone else, if
you were told to sit in a cut off section of a restaurant, or if you were made to sit on the back of a
public bus. African Americans had to endure that way of life majority of the 20th century. They did
not get the same equal rights as any other human beings in America(Lifson). Because of the
mistreatment, African Americans began to take a stand and speak out on the injustices they face
everyday just because of the color of their skin, and it began a powerful movement. They had
multiple protest to push for equal rights: sit–ins, marches, bus boycotts, etc. In the 1960s an
organization called Congress of Racial Equality, or C.O.R.E., began a ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
(Boynton v. Virginia)
. C.O.R.E., started in the early 1940's, is an organization founded on a college campus as a spinoff
of the Pacifist fellowship of reconciliation(Histor/Watch). James Farmer, C.O.R.E.'s first black
national director, was the man who organized the "new generation" of freedom rides(the freedom
rides 1961). He was a civil rights activist/leader who pushed for non violence protests. C.O.R.E.'s
goals when starting the freedom rides was to desegregate interstate transportation facilities in the
south in a nonviolent way. C.O.R.E recruited young college students to go on this journey(core
online). They knew that residents in the south would not react well to what they were trying to do,
so they prepared the recruits like football coaches prepare their players to get tackled. C.O.R.E
practiced role playing situations with the recruits to train them on what would be said/what would
be done to them. While role playing, hateful things would be said and the students would even be
physically harmed. The preparation was emotionally and physically rough, but it was nothing
compared to what these riders would have to go through(freedom riders. pbs)
On May 4th, 1961, 13 civil rights activist set off on two interstate bus terminals: Greyhound and
Trailways(core online). The riders would protest against segregation at each stop along the way.
They began in washington D.C. and

Freedom Rides: The Civil Rights Movement
The Freedom Rides were a political protest against segregation in the southern United States by
student activists made up of black and white students. There were 7 African Americans and 6 whites
which left Washington D.C., on May 4th, 1961 on two buses that were headed to New Orleans,
Louisiana. They wanted to test the United States Supreme Court decision in Boynton v. Virginia
which extended an earlier ruling by the Supreme Court in 1946, which banned segregation in
interstate bus travel to include bus terminals, restrooms, and other facilities that were associated
with interstate bus travel. The Freedom Riders felt convinced that the segregationists in the south
would act violently towards their non–violent protest to exercise their constitutional ... Show more
This also involved getting organized help from the SNCC which would later take a more militant
approach to the civil rights movement. The MFDP was not as successful as was hoped for and this
led to SNCC feeling that this was a turning point in the civil rights movement and they would need
to take a different direction to try and solve the many injustices that were still prevalent in the black
community. While many of the non violent approaches were successful in the beginning of the civil
rights movement and in great part due to Dr, Martin Luther King's philosophy of non violence, there
was still much more that needed to be done to address the economic and social injustices that
remained in American society for African Americans. This is when the Black Power Movement
started to take hold for many African Americans. The Freedom Rides, Freedom Summer, the
Student Non Violent Coordinating Committee, and the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party had
all laid down a foundation for the Black Power Movement to take hold and prosper. It also helped
form some strategies that would later be used successfully by the Black Power Movement that was
unsuccessful with the non militant approach and doctrine that was emphasized by the late and great
Dr. Martin Luther

Negativity Negative Effects
There is over 7.6 billion people in this world, meaning there is also a lot of different personalities.
One of those are the negative people we all encounter in our lives. They make everyone around
them miserable, and these people can impact your life in a negative way. For example: not being
happy, having negative thoughts, and loosing friendships. Even if you try to stay positive someone's
negativity will always drain you. These people just complain and nag instead of being appreciative
of the good they do have in their life.
Negativity is everywhere in your daily life like school, work place, or just in public. It is a disease
and it's contagious which is why you need to cut it out of your life. I used to be the happiest person,
but the negativity got to me and just took it away from me. I didn't do anything about it nor took
control of my own happiness. Which is why I know negativity is contagious and there is people out
there who want to bring you down with them. In a sense that they aren't happy, so they don't want to
see anyone else happy. They usually lack self–esteem, aren't happy, or feel trapped with their
feelings. They want to manipulative people to get what they want.
There are many effects to this from having a negative mind and drained energy. I've seen negative
people everywhere. Relationships, friendships, and even between family members. These people
don't want to see you happy on your own. They want to see you become unhappy with your life and
that's how

Essay about Freedom Riders
Freedom Riders "Freedom Riders" were a group of people, both black and white, who were civil
rights activists from the North who "meant to demonstrate that segregated travel on interstate buses,
even though banned by an I.C.C. Ruling, were still being enforced throughout much of the South"
(The South 16). The Riders attempted to prove this by having a dozen or so white and black
Freedom Riders board buses in the North and travel through Southern cities. This was all "a coldly
calculated attempt to speed up integration by goading the South, forcing the Southern extremists to
explode their tempers" ('Freedom Riders' 20). The author of the Newsweek article stated this as the
Southern opinion of the reason for the Freedom Riders. The ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Several incidents of beatings were reported, sometimes with simple weapons, other times with
weapons of mass destruction conducted by local citizens as the freedom riders passed through their
city. Very often, "the cops were conspicuously absent when the blood began to flow" (The South
16). One particularly violent incident on May 14, 1961 occurred when someone threw a bomb into a
window of an interstate bus. When the twelve passengers on the bus exited because of the smoke
and flames, the waiting mob pulverize beat some of passengers up. The police arrested four men in
conjunction with the bombing, yet the four men were only charged with "willful damage to vehicles
in interstate commerce" (State is Warned 1). The fact that this incident was taken so lightly is
appalling. Clearly these men should have been punished or convicted more severely. The hurt
freedom riders were taken to the local hospital, and none were seriously injured. We examined two
articles about the bus bombing incident, one from Time and one from the New York Times. The
Time article gave a much more general overview of the incident, and lacked some details, such as
who was arrested and why, and the response of the government. The New York Times article
discussed this information in great detail. It includes the names of the perpetrators and the reason for
their arrest. It also discusses the response of Attorney General Robert Kennedy, who

Freedom Rides Essay
The Freedom Rides of 1965
How did the freedom rides influence later developments in aboriginals' rights?
What were the 1965 Freedom Rides?
In 1965 a group of students from Sydney University formed a group, called Student Action for
Aborigines, that's purpose was to draw attention to the inequality between white and indigenous
Australia based in New South Wales. It also hoped to decrease the social discrimination between
white Australia and indigenous Australia as well as give support to aboriginals to withstand the
discrimination they face daily.
The group consisted of around 35 students, majority were white Australians with exception to
Charles Perkins and Gary Williams, whom were both from aboriginal descent. Perkins was born in
Alice ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The bus also went through Sydney, home to the Eora people, Wellington, home to the Wiradjuri
people, Gulargambone, home to the Wayilwan people, Boggabilla, borders between the homes to
the Bigambul and Gamilaraay people, Tenterfield, home to Marbal people, Grafton, boarders
between the Bundjaung and Gumbaynggir people, Lismore and Cabbage Tree island, home to
Bundjaung people, Bowraville, home of the Gumbaynggir people and the Kempsey community,
home to the Dhanggati people. Aboriginal communities lived on the outskirts of towns in reserves,
many towns still refusing to let aboriginals in the same area as non–aboriginals in places like pubs,
theatres, swimming pools and hospitals. This was seen in various Australian country towns. The
designation of areas as 'black' was used to reduce white people from experiencing the Aborigines
culture. The group held protests in the Returned Services League, the Moree Baths, the Kempsey
Baths and the Boraville picture theatre.
Moree and Walgett
In Walgett Aboriginal people were refused access to become members at the returned service league
Club even if they fought in the war. The Vice President of the club was videoed and recorded by
Darce Cassidy and Jim Spigelman, after he and a group of cars followed the bus out of town and ran
it off the road. In then recording the Vice President says he would never

The Australian Freedom Ride Of 1964
SLIDE 1 The Australian freedom ride was strongly inspired by the American civil rights movement,
particularly in segregation of public amenities in country towns but this movement also wanted to
draw public attention to the substandard ways indigenous people were living in rural communities.
The Aboriginal Freedom Ride of 1965 was a civil campaign influenced by the US civil rights
movement. The campaign was led Charles Perkins, an Arrente man born in Alice Springs, who was
a third year arts student at university. He was elected president of the newly formed Student action
for Aborigines (SAFA). At midnight on the 12th of February 1965, Perkins invited a large group,
approximately 35 students that are of white and indigenous culture to ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
"You have the right to live in the kind of world where your rights and freedoms are respected"
conveyed in Article 28 draws attention to the way aboriginal people were forced to live in, as they
were prejudiced from the main towns in Australia. Article 28 gave respected freedom and rights to
the indigenous to live however they want. On the 4th of May, 1961 a similar protest to the
aboriginal freedom ride took place. A group of African–American and white civil rights protestants
began bus trips to several towns in South America. The Freedom Rides were established by the
Congress of Racial Equality, a US civil rights groups. Their purpose was to test the 1960 decision
that segregation of national bus terminals was prohibited. They attempted to use 'white only' lunch
tables, waiting rooms and restrooms. This proved to be a dangerous mission as they endured a lot of
violent. Another evidence of White–Americans hatred towards the Africans was the incident that
transpired inAnniston, Alabama. One bus was firebombed and the African–American passengers
were forced to flee for their lives. https://prezi.com/_ozrjxqle8x6/the–freedom–rides–comparison/
SLIDE 4 The Australian locals despised the Freedom Rides idea of desegregating the law. The
typical short term reactions to the protests were the throwing of rotten eggs and tomatoes, and
bottles at the Freedom Riders. In the middle of the night when the Freedom Rides bus was leaving
Walgett, a grazier's son crashed the Freedom

An Analysis Of James Farmer's 'Freedom Rides'
A hero is someone who will sacrifice themselves, or go out of their way to help people, without
expecting something in return. James Farmer was a true hero because he did all of these things.
James Farmer believed in equality amongst all people, whether they were black, white, female, or
male. His philosophy was that people are not to be defined by what they are but to be defined as
who they are. This philosophy led to the creation of Freedom Rides, in 1961. Freedom Rides were a
nonviolent effort in which blacks and whites, who believed in equality, would get together and sit on
a bus in the South, a place where blacks were not welcome, to desegregate long–distance buses and
bus terminals in the South. This was not the first non–violent

The Freedom Riders : A Powerful And Inspiring Documentary...
The "Freedom Riders" was a powerful and inspiring documentary on the six months of 1961 that
altered America's history. More than four hundred African Americans and whites put their lives in
danger, bearing mob beatings and incarceration, as they travelled through the Deep South in
numerous buses from May until November of 1961. As the freedom riders knowingly violated Jim
Crow laws, they were confronted with cruel racism and violence which painfully pushed against
their mindset of nonviolent activism. Their strong, passive attitude informed me that the correct
method of communicating our opinions is always without violence. This enables our voice to be
heard clearly without it being overshadowed by the disturbances of violence. The destruction and
the uproar only cause the opposite party to be deaf to our beliefs.
There were two Supreme Court decisions that desegregated all interstate travel facilities. But
African Americans still faced much bitterness and racism when they travelled through the south. It
disheartened me to see the injustice that colored people had to face when the law clearly called for
their equality. They were suppressed on the basis of continuing culture for the sake of the few
southern, conservative white Americans. The Kennedy administration was too distracted by the
Cold War and the possibilities of international nuclear threat to discuss the civil rights issues that
arose within their borders. It appeared as if the civil rights leaders had to take

Ride To Freedom: The Rosa Parks Story
In the film, Ride to Freedom: The Rosa Parks Story, the director Julie Dash and writer Paris Qualles
highlights the influential life of Rosa Louise McCauley Parks. From an early life, Rosa was exposed
to the harsh formalities of living in the south as an African American. This film begins showing the
radical event of Parks refusing to give up her seat. As she has flashbacks, she thinks about all of the
horrific events that led up to the very moment. As a young girl, the importance of education was
instilled in her. She attended an all–girl school called Montgomery Industrial School for Girls (Miss
White's School for Girls). In this scene, is where we learn how much a positive impact Rosa's
Grandfather played in her life. He instilled in her the value of education. She later falls in love and
goes on to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
From a young age Rosa mom and family embedded in her the importance of education. Her
grandfather taught her that no matter what someone does to her, they will never be able to take away
her dignity. The characters in the film correlates to Rosa reality. The movie shows her loving
husband Raymond, her sick mother Leona and brother Sylvester. Though the film did not mention
that Parks mother was ill, you could tell by her actions. Rosa took care of her family by going to
work and maintaining the house. Johnnie Carr and Rosa Parks were truly best friends and they both
attended Montgomery Industrial School for Girls. James F. Blake, the bus driver, was also a valid
character. It is true that Rosa Parks had several run ins with Blake. She swore she would never get
on his bus again. In reality, Parks states that the day she was arrested was just like any other day.
She was so busy and she wasn't even paying attention when she boarded the bus. If she would have
realized that James Blake was the driver she would not have got

Freedom Rides Importance
The Freedom Rides and a Little About Them
In the1960s there was a lot of racial tension so any group that touched the tension was hated and
sometimes even beaten or killed. The Freedom Rides were no exception, they started in 1961 and
had a lot of hate and violence directed at them. They had two objectives, one was to go to New
Orleans, Louisiana on a mixed race bus and the other was to test the enforcement of segregation on
interstate buses. The Freedom Rides grew quickly and had a bit of support, but they did encounter a
lot of hate by the public and by the police.There was an "original group of 13 Freedom
Riders...seven African Americans and six whites–left Washington, D.C."(Freedom Riders, A&E
Television) on a greyhound bus to New Orleans, Louisiana. This evidence is significant because it
shows that the Freedom Rides started of as a very small movement and it tells us that they were
trying to go deep into the south on a mixed race public bus. It is important to realize that the first
ride was a "interracial group of student activists under the... Congres of Racial Equality" ("Freedom
Rides", Civil Rights Digital Library) which is also known as CORE. CORE was just started only
nineteen years before the first freedom rides, so it was a new organization but they were a big factor
in the Civil Rights Movement. Lastly because of the "violence and arrests"people were drawn to the
Freedom Rides "and hundreds of new Freedom Riders (joined) the cause."("Freedom Riders", A&E

Alabama Bus Boycott : A Civil Association For The...
Following the seemingly successful 1950s Montgomery, Alabama bus boycott, a protest for
segregation where African Americans under the National Association for the Advancement of
Colored People (NAACP) refused to ride Alabama buses, ended after 381 days when the Supreme
Court ordered Alabama to integrate its bus systems, the state figuratively dragged its heels in
changing its transit. In fact, ten years later when the Supreme Court ruled segregated buses
unconstitutional nationwide yet southern states still refuse to integrate their buses, despite attending
college for a ministerial career and knowing the likelihood that the southerners would violently
resist, James L. Farmer Jr. , a Gandhi–influenced activist, saw the opportunity to ... Show more
In 1938, intending to pursue a career in religion, James L. Farmer Jr. decided to take after his father,
James Farmer Sr. (a methodist minister), by attending Howard University's Divinity program
(Titus). During his time there, Farmer Jr. studied Mahatma Gandhi 's "Satyagraha", a non–violent
resistance technique that requires those who follow it to seek truth in a spirit of peace and love as
well as refuse to cooperate with violent objectors (britannica.com). Four years later, James L.
Farmer Jr. graduated in 1941 with a divinity degree; however, despite his father disapproving,
Farmer chose to cofound Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) as the organization's director with
George Houser, a college classmate, in 1942 rather than continue on with ministerial work
(biography.com). Altogether, Farmer graduated Howard with: support from those who joined CORE
and inspiration from Gandhi's Satyagraha technique, both of which he could then apply to resist
segregation in the South. In fact, fourteen years later, Farmer recognized the opportunity to
incorporate his non–violenct, civil resistance when several southern states continued to separate
blacks from whites on their transit system after the Supreme Court ruled segregated buses
unconstitutional in 1956. This inspired Farmer to initiate "Freedom Rides", consisting of civil–rights
activists from CORE testing the new law by riding in designated white

The Civil Rights Movement: Freedom Rides Essay
During the Civil Rights Movement, African Americans sought to have their Constitutional Rights
permitted. One form of protesting came forth in the form of the Freedom Rides. After slavery ended,
many amendments and laws were created to ensure the rights of African Americans, but because of
prejudices and racism, most of these were ignored. The Supreme Court's decision in Plessy v.
Fergunson established "separate but equal" on interstate transportation in 1896, but in 1947 the
Supreme Court found it unconstitutional. And although segregation was outlawed, Jim Crow laws
still ruled the Deep South and "codified in law, sanctioned by the courts, and enforced by the
ubiquitous threat of physical violence even more than legal reprisal" (Catsam ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
This belief soon changed because women became the core of the Civil Rights Movement, especially
Diane Nash. She was, "One of the leaders of the Nashville Movement, was one of the foremost
figures when students took over the freedom rides after violence caused the original CORE group to
call the project to an end in Birmingham" (93). Freedom Rides became influential in changing
people's mindsets because they noticed how the students involved and how they were treated. The
students were carefully trained in nonviolence, a "technique require[d] that a participant not strike
anyone, not even to save himself/herself or a group member from a beating" (Olds 18). Although the
students used the passive approach, trouble still awaited them. Once in Montgomery Alabama,
furious crowds surrounded them screaming "GIT them niggers! GIT them niggers!" (Lewis 158).
They were attacked, beat and bled a great deal. Not only did the Freedom Riders get assaulted, but
journalists who covered their stories were also targeted. Ultimately, "If you had a pencil or a pad, or
a camera, you were in real trouble" (Morrison 29). Though successful, when Freedom Rides were
first introduced, many civil rights leaders didn't want to take part of it, because of doubt concerning
their overall effectiveness. Civil rights leaders believed Freedom Rides would hold up the
Movement, but over time they became one of the largest and most supported movements during the

The Australian and American Freedom Rides Essay
The Australian and American Freedom Rides This essay briefly discusses the similarities and
differences of the 'Australian and American Freedom Rides' history. Throughout the essay, there is a
discussion on what the reasons were for the protest of the Freedom Rides. It also points out the
duration of the protest and the major locations where they were held. The essay also shows the
different reactions to the protest and the influential behaviour it results in. The American Freedom
Rides were motivated by the 'Journey of Reconciliation' in 1947, "led by civil rights activists Bayard
Rustin and George Houser"1. The Freedom Rides in America involved riding a bus opposing the
segregation of black and whites riding together in buses2. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
The duration of the American Freedom Rides occurred mainly in May 1961. Unlike in America, the
Freedom Rides in Australia took place later on the 12th February 19659; when the University of
Sydney students rode into the "towns in northern New South Wales which contained large
Aboriginal populations"10. One of the main towns mentioned was at Moree; where they protested in
swimming pools, attracting a lot of violence. The Freedom Rides also passed through Wellington,
Gulargambone, Lismore, Bowraville and Kempsey. The duration of the Australian Freedom Rides
occurred mainly in February 1965.
In America, the reaction to the protest was very intense. Throughout the protest, the Freedom Riders
came across violence and the reaction of the protest was ruthless. While having to delay their
journey to change a slashed tire, "one bus was firebombed and the Freedom Riders were beaten (by
a white mob). The second bus was similarly attacked and the passengers beaten".11 In America,
there was a Freedom Ride accompanied by the State Highway Patrol, taking their journey headed
for Montgomery; but when "local police failed to protect them, they were again beaten"12.
Similar to America, the Freedom Rides in Australia "gained publicity when the students were set
upon by angry crowds and placed under police protection"13. The students pressed into the entrance
of the Moree swimming pool, at the same time a furious crowd "booed and catcalled"14. The
dilemma

1965 Australian Freedom Ride Essay
The 1965 Australian Freedom ride is a significant historical event in Australian history where the
segregation and blatant discrimination the Aboriginals experienced by the Australian white
population of this time was exposed. The awareness of racial discrimination was raised and
campaigns were strengthened to eradicate it. It involved a group of 29 students from Sydney
university led by Charles Perkins who was inspired by the American freedom ride of 1961 organised
a bus tour through the western and coastal towns of New South Wales. In hopes of raising
awareness to the racism, discrimination and segregation the indigenous population were enduring.
In 1964 the students formulated a body called 'Student Action for Aborigines' (SAFA) to plan this
trip and to guarantee media coverage. Over the course of two weeks they chartered a bus around the
regional towns of NSW visiting Walgett, Gulargambone, Kempsey, Bowraville and Moree, rural
towns that were populated by Indigenous population. The students had prepared a thorough social
survey of the Aboriginal living conditions in the towns they visited including housing, education,
employment, health and the attitudes between the white and indigenous population. The survey
provided the students with ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They were prohibited from local leisure facilities, clubs, swimming pools and hotels. They had to
wait for whites to be served first and were frequently refused service at shops. They experienced
'de–aboriginalism' of their culture, there were restrictions on language, tradition, culture and the
sharing of stories. Leaving them with no choice but to assimilate into white culture. The students
protested and picketed for hours outside segregated areas raising the issue of indigenous rights
triggering Immense publicity for the Aboriginal equality movement which resulted in public
pressure on the government to act on Aboriginal

The Freedom Rides And The Civil Rights Movement
Freedom Riders
Thesis: Freedom Riders rode on buses to end all segregation
Economic Effects: The purpose of the Civil Rights Movement was to make sure that African
Americans had equal rights including jobs.
More African–Americans were below the poverty line in the 1960's during the Civil Rights
Movement
Some African Americans made less money for the same jobs as caucasians
African Americans couldn't work at certain high paying jobs
Political Effects: Members of CORE rode interstate buses through the deep south to test the
Supreme Court's ruling of 1960 in Boynton v. Virginia where segregation in interstate bus and rail
stations was ruled unconstitutional.
This strategy to desegregate bus and rail, including restroom and water fountains became known as
the Freedom Rides
On May 4, 1961 the first Freedom Ride took place. There was a lot of publicity and that inspired
other protesters to participate in Freedom Rides
In November of 1961, the Interstate Commerce Commission issued a ruling that prohibited
segregated transportation facilities.
Social Effects: The Freedom Rides brought together people of different races, religions, cultures,
and economic backgrounds from across the United States. The Freedom Riders encountered
violence as they rode the bus. When the Freedom Riders were attacked, the police took their time to
respond
Examples of people who were part of the freedom rides and why they were involved such as Ralph
Abernathy
Police forces often used force

Essay On Freedom Rides

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Essay On Freedom Rides