polymer production

1. Polyamide Fiber

2. •Manufacturing of nylon 6-6
Nylon 6-6
Nylon 6-6 is a diamine polymer and it is use as a thin film, in plastic. It melts
at 40-45°C temperature, also it is hard, rigid in nature.
About 70% of the nylon filaments yard produced in India is used for the
manufacturing of sarees, fabric production.
Raw material :
Adipic acid and hexamethylene diamine
Chemical reaction :

4. •Process description :
•Nylon salt is first prepared by mixing the amine and acid in aqueous
solution and adjusting pH to 7.8 in mixing tank.
•Then nylon salt is concentrated under vacuum and then charged to an
autoclave.
•In autoclave polycondensation reaction take place at 280°C also water
is removed for continuous reaction. Due to reaction final product of
nylon resin formed of molecular weight of 12,000-16,000.
•Then the product is extruded as a ribbon by cooling with water in
chilling rolls.
•Then the nylon ribbon is cuts into small chips in chopper and collected
into nylon resin storage.

5. •Some of nylon resign is melted in melt tank by using dowtherm
fluid(Heating medium).
•The melted nylon resign is metered through high pressure pumps, filtered
into filter and passed through melt spinner.
•Extruded filaments are air cooled immediately by air cooling , so that it
converts into solid fiber. finishing also applied to the fiber .
•Solid nylon fiber is wounded at speed of 750 meter per minute. This nylon
fiber have desirable textile properties.

6. • Manufacturing of Phenol Formaldehyde :
Raw material :
Phenol and formaldehyde
Chemical reaction :

11. •Manufacturing of Polyvinylchloride:
Raw material :
Vinyl Monomer
Chemical reaction :

12. •Properties of PVC
1. PVC has a softening point ranging from 80 to 140°C and increases
with degree of polymerization.
2. It decompose at 140 °C temperature with liberation of HCL.
3. Normal PVC are hard, tough polymer and insoluble in most of
solvents.
4. Boiling point of vinyl choride is 13.4 °C
•Uses of PVC
PVC is used in both industrial and consumer purpose.
It is used to make pipes, pipe fittings, wire cables, leather cloth sheets
and films, footwear, and a very large number of miscellaneous products.

14. • Process description :
• PVC is formed by Emulsion and suspension polymerization method.
•For high purity of PVC is obtained by suspension polymerization.
Here emulsion polymerization is applied.
100 parts of water,
100 parts of vinyl monomer,
1 part of catalyst
1.5 parts of a detergent emulsifier is feed to the pressure reactor.
a) Pressure reactor :
It may be continuous or batch
Operating at 50 °C to 70 °C temperature, 800-1200kPa Pressure and 72
hours.
The micellular polymer particles is generated which is stabilized by
emulsifying agent and sold as vinyl latex .
Then the mixture goes into the flash drum.

15. • Flash drum :
Here the unreacted monomer is separated and it is recycle to the reactor for polymerization.
• To generate solid PVC the mixture is sent either acid coagulator or spray dryer.
• Acid coagulator tank :
The polymer mixture is acid coagulated so that all polymer are combined with each
other and heavy polymer is formed.
The heavy polymer mixture with water enters in to drier
• Drier :
The water components and impurities from the polymer is removed and solid dry PVC is
generated.
• Spray dryer :
The polymer mixture from the flash drum enters into the spry dryer where the hot dry air is used
to remove water.Due to high temperature the polymers particles combines with each other and
forms heavy solid polymer.

16. PVC by Suspension polymerization.
The
Suspension
Polymerizatio
n process is
actually bulk
polymerizatio
n process
which is
carried out in
millions of
droplets .
Each of these
droplets