Six Sigma is a methodology for process improvement that was originally developed by Motorola to reduce defects. It involves defining, measuring, analyzing, improving, and controlling processes to minimize waste and variability. The presentation discusses how Six Sigma, specifically the DMAIC methodology, can be applied in libraries to improve processes like acquisition, cataloging, circulation, and reference services. Roles like Champions, Master Black Belts, Black Belts, and Green Belts can help implement Six Sigma projects in libraries. Areas like resources, services, and user studies are identified as potential areas for Six Sigma application in libraries. The goal is to reduce variations and defects to better meet user needs and improve customer satisfaction.
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Six sigma ppt
1. Six Sigma(6σ) in Libraries
Presentation by
Kalyani Rout
Library Professional Trainee
2. What is Six Sigma
• Six sigma is a set of tools and techniques for process improvement. It was
developed by Bill Smith at Motorola in 1986.
• Sigma (σ) is a Greek alphabet used in mathematics and statistics to define
standard deviation.
• The sigma scale measure defects per unit, parts per million defects and
probability of a failure.
• Six sigma approach is a collection of managerial and statistical concept and
techniques that focus on reducing variation in process and to produce defect
free outputs.
• Six Sigma Academy (Ramasamy, 2009) defines it as “a business process that
allows organisation to drastically improve their bottom line by designing and
monitoring every day business activities in ways that minimize waste and
resources while increasing customer satisfaction”.
3. Methodology for Six Sigma
Six Sigma is having two key basic methodologies.
I. DMAIC: It refers to a data-driven quality strategy for improving processes. This methodology
is used to improve an existing business process.
II. DMADV: It refers to a data-driven quality strategy for designing products & processes. This
methodology is used to create new product designs or process designs in such a way that it
results in a more predictable, mature and defect free performance.
There is one more methodology.
DFSS: IT is a data-driven quality strategy for designing or redesigning a product or service
from the ground up.
4. DMAIC
Define- This phase provide to know the existing problems, makes us to have our own objectives and
customers’ needs and demands. Based on their requirement we can define and set the objectives and goals
to meet their needs.
Measure- In this stage we collect data and facts related to problems with customers. Measurement will be
done based on data collection and analysis, mapping the process and understanding and description of the
process.
5. Analyze- In this stage we have to analyze the root cause of problem and
to find the better solution . If the root cause has found then we can
analyze the library users’ demand in an easiest and systematic way.
Improve- In this stage we improve the condition of a process from past
to present and help us to do better in future. In this phase, we can
improve the procedure and try to find out the new ideas, plans,
thoughts, and ways to do better than the previous to attract the users.
Control- This stage helps us to review and update the process. It takes
overall control of the above all stages or phases. In such way control the
existing systems and policies to prevent the repetition of the problems.
DMAIC
6. DMADV Methodology
Define − Define the Problem or Project Goal that needs to be
addressed.
Measure − Measure and determine customers needs and
specifications.
Analyze − Analyze the process to meet the customer needs.
Design − Design a process that will meet customers needs.
Verify − Verify the design performance and ability to meet
customer needs.
7. When should six sigma be used?
It uses depends on the type of business because mainly it is based on
marketing of a business. In general , if there are process that generate a lot
of negative customer / user feedback whether the customer is internal or
external , the components of six sigma should be considered as a means to
study and rectify the problem.
8. Why Library need?
Now in IT age every organization or institution try to provide quality services .
Quality has been considered an important part of any service process as well
as manufacturing process. Only quality decides the status and future growth of
an institution. For this, libraries must satisfy user's need as well as meet users
expectation.
Using six sigma libraries can improve their service to users by reducing defects
and minimizing cost involved in library services. This will satisfy users as well as
the organization.
9. Implementation role of six sigma
Champion – A member from the leadership team who review the progress of a
project.
Master Black Belt - identified by Champions, act as in-house coaches on Six Sigma.
They guide Black Belts and Green Belts and spend their time on ensuring consistent
application of Six Sigma across various functions and departments.
Black Belt operate under Master Black Belts to apply Six Sigma methodology to
specific projects. They devote 100% of their valued time to Six Sigma.
10. Green Belt are the employees who take up Six Sigma implementation along with their other
job responsibilities, operating under the guidance of Black Belts.
White Belt for those locally trained in the concepts but do not participate in the project team.
For Example:
Like wise in a University , Head of the institution i.e. V. C. is the Champion , Chief Librarian is the
master black belt, Assistant Librarian is Black belt, Library Assistants are Green belt, and Library
attendant is white Belt. Role and duty are assigned as per the hierarchy.
11. Application areas of Six sigma in Library management functions
These are the following areas in which six sigma could be applied
Acquisition
Classification and Cataloguing
Circulation
Stack Maintenance
Reference services
12. How DMAIC use in Library?
In Library define is involve the identification off the group users and their perspective needs. To based
on their needs and demands library define goal and objective.
To know the number of users and collections of the library with the help of measurement phase. Data
can also be information use behavior of the library users , how and from where the information is
gathered and what process they access information.
In Library perspective the analysis can be establishment of what resources are more in demand and
why and also what are the reason for underutilization of the other resources and services.
To conducting user orientation programme, exhibitions, create user friendly library website etc. and
also use library management software for providing better library services.
Finally to control all the activities .
13. MEASURING SIGMA LEVEL
The following is an example of calculation of six sigma. Here we take book issue as
a process in library system. In general, book issue depends upon five to six steps
that may be affect the book issuing process i.e. cataloguing, stacking, electricity,
condition of barcode / RFID, system error (software problem) etc. Thus keeping in
consideration we may calculate six sigma level of circulation process of a library.
The circulation of books as per the above description have five steps and suppose
each part of this process has two chances to have defects, i.e. electricity failure
may be from the electricity department or due to short circuit, or system error
may be due to hardware or software.
14. Thus Total defect opportunity is 5 x 2 = 10
If 3 circulations out of 100 circulations are taking more
time than expected or facing problem or can say are defective,
Then defects per issue 3/100 = 0.03
Defects Per Opportunity (DPO) = 3/ (10 x 100) =0.003
Defects Per Million Opportunities (DPMO) = 0.003 x1000000 = 3000
Thus the Sigma Level of this book issuing process is 4.25 σ
15. Other areas where Library can use Sig Sigma
• Library Resources
• Library basic Services
• Library own product or resources
• User Study
• Community based services
16. Impact of Six Sigma on Library
Reduce the process variation and helps to achieve users needs and demands.
It helps achieve short term rather than long term.
Six Sigma helps minimize library employees work effort and maximize the user needs.
It helps achieve users satisfaction and to improve the quality of the library.
17. Conclusion
Six Sigma is generally used in manufacturing sectors to minimize the wastages
and it also implemented in libraries to develop the process and improve the
standard of the library to satisfy the users. Six Sigma helps to improve the
standard of the library and helps to improve the skills and ability of the library
employees.
