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Using Data for Science Journalism
1. Using Data for Science Journalism
10 May 2015, International School of Science Journalism, Erice, Italy
Liliana Bounegru | lilianabounegru.org | @bb_liliana!
Jonathan Gray | jonathangray.org | @jwyg
21. For exampleāØ
Governments (portals, FOI, leaks)
Scientiļ¬c research (open access, open data)
Civil society organisations and companies
User generated/citizen data
Data extracted from digital media
33. A selection of themes and topics from national!
(UK and US) and local (Glasgow) open data portals
34. CCTV Camera Locations - Runnymede Borough Council!
http://data.gov.uk/dataset/cctv-camera-locations
35. CO2 emissions by different sub-groups in manufacturing sector, 2000 to 2008!
http://data.gov.uk/dataset/co2-emissions-by-different-sub-groups-in-manufacturing-sector-2000-to-2008/
51. āTommaso Venturini, Controversy Mapping, climaps.org
āControversy mapping was introduced by Bruno Latour as a
teaching method to train students and future citizens to
navigate socio-technical debates through the creative
use of digital media.ā
!
āThe political aim of controversy mapping is to provide
innovative methods for approaching scientiļ¬c and
technical disputes. ā
52. ā Richard Rogers, āPolitical Research in the Digital Ageā, International
Public Policy Review, 2014
ā[Digital methods] refers to repurposing online devices and
platforms (such as Google searches, Facebook and
Wikipedia) for social and political research that would often
have been otherwise improbable.ā
53. ā Bruno Latour & Tommaso Venturini, āThe Social Fabric: Digital Traces and
Quali-quantitative Methodsā, Proceedings of Future En Seine, 2009
āThe interest of electronic media lies in the fact that every
interaction that passes through them leaves tracesā¦ā
54. - Duncan J. Watts, āA twenty-ļ¬rst century science,ā Nature, 2007
āData about Internet-based communication and interactivity
could revolutionise our understanding of collective human
behaviour.ā
!
55. ā David Lazer et al., āComputational Social Scienceā, Science, 2009
āā¦[T]racing the spread of arguments, rumours, or positions
about political and other issues in the blogosphere, as well
as the behaviour of individuals āsurļ¬ngā the Internet, where
the concerns of an electorate become visible in the
searches they conduct.ā
56. āNoortje Marres & Carolin Gerlitz, āInterface methodsā, The Sociological
Review, forthcoming
!
āSocial media data tend to be organised in ways that favour
highly particular modes of analysis, such as the investigation
of peopleās ānetworksā, the āinļ¬uenceā of actors, the āreachā of
content or the ācurrencyā of certain words at certain moments
in time.ā
57. āā¦ A holistic understanding of digital social research, which
recognises that its analytic capacities derive from the
assembly of methods, data, tools, user practices, context of
application and so on.ā
āNoortje Marres & Carolin Gerlitz, āInterface methodsā, The Sociological
Review, forthcoming
66. Findings!
Both adaptation and mitigation are highly visible in
negotiations.
Mitigation has been a top priority from the beginning. āØ
āØ
Adaptation received less attention in the beginning with
the exception of adaptation ļ¬nancing
Adaptation becomes more important in the second
phase of the negotiations.
69. Notable stability in presence and
intervention of countries.
Most active are China (representing G77),
United States and Europe.
Notable exceptions include Bolivia and
Philippines who are becoming more
prominent in recent negotiations.
Countries tend to be more active when they
host the negotiations.
70.
71. āā¦the negotiations on climate change have moved from
mitigation to also include adaptation, an issue which
could in principle be seen as a national responsibility.āØ
āØ
Here it becomes particularly acute to justify which
countries should receive aid and why. A much
debated method for doing so is the assessment of
vulnerability to climate change.ā
!
- climaps.org
74. Who is vulnerable according to whom?
Climaps (2014). Available at: http://climaps.org
75. Findings
ā¢ Vulnerability indices tend to disagree in their assessment
of different countries.
ā¢ Very few countries (7) are among the most vulnerable
according to all three indices.
ā¢ Quite a few countries (25) are simultaneously assessed to
be most vulnerable and least vulnerable according to
different indices.
ā¢ The assessment of climate change vulnerability by means
of indicators continues to be a contentious issue divide in
both policy and academic communities.
76. Wired Italia (2014) āCambiamenti del clima: 20 anni di conferenzeā. March 2014. No. 60.
77. Wired Italia (2014) āCambiamenti del clima: 20 anni di conferenzeā. March 2014. No. 60.
78. Wired Italia (2014) āCambiamenti del clima: 20 anni di conferenzeā. March 2014. No. 60.
79. Wired Italia (2014) āBeautiful Information, in mostra le migliori infograļ¬che di Wiredā.āØ
Available at: http://www.wired.it/attualita/media/2014/03/04/beautiful-information-infograļ¬che-wired/
80. Wired Italia (2014) āBeautiful Information, in mostra le migliori infograļ¬che di Wiredā.āØ
Available at: http://www.wired.it/attualita/media/2014/03/04/beautiful-information-infograļ¬che-wired/
82. BBC News (2007) āBBC switches off climate specialā. Available at:āØ
http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/6979596.stm
83. ā Richard Rogers, Digital Methods, MIT Press, 2013
āThe skeptics were increasingly at the top of the
news. [ā¦] Are the skeptics at the top of the
web too?ā
84. Climate Sceptics!
!
S. Fred Singer
Robert Balling
Sallie Baliunas
Patrick Michaels
Richard Lindzen
Steven Milloy
Timothy Ball
Paul Driessen
Willie Soon
Sherwood B. Idso
Frederick Seitz
85. Climate Sceptic Organisations!
!
American Enterprise Institute
American Legislative Exchange Council
Center for Science and Public Policy
Committee for a Constructive Tomorrow
Competitive Enterprise Institute
Frontiers of Freedom
Marshall Institute
Heartland Institute
Tech Central Station
86.
87.
88. Digital Methods Initiative (2007) āClimate Change Scepticsā.āØ
Available at: https://wiki.digitalmethods.net/Dmi/ClimateChangeSkeptics
89. Climate change sceptics appeared to have
disproportionate inļ¬uence in the media relative
to their inļ¬uence with other prominent climate
science organisations on the web.
91. Are climate skeptics mainstream or fringe in
climate science?
Do the skeptics and their co-authors publish
articles in the same disciplines and journals
as other climate scientists?
92. Sabine Niederer, āāGlobal warming is not a crisis!ā: Studying climate
change skepticism on the Webā, Necsus, 2013
93. Findings
ā¢ Sceptics are part of the mainstream of climate
change science research.
ā¢ Skeptical climate science is not positioned outside
the ļ¬eld but is part of climate science (ecology,
meteorology and atmospheric sciences,
environmental sciences, plant sciences, agronomy,
etc.)
ā¢ The skeptics publish in the top climate journals
including Nature and Science.
95. How may we map debates around
socio-technical issues with the web?
96. Climate change policy and activism
organise distinct publics
Digital Methods Winter School (2015)
97. Mapping the rise of the far right in
Europe with the web and social media
98. The Guardian (2013) āThe rise of far right parties across Europe is a chilling echo of the 1930sā.āØ
Available at: http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2013/nov/15/far-right-threat-europe-integration
99. Hufļ¬ngton Post (2014) āSudden Rise of Far Right Groups in EU Parliament Rings Alarm Bells Across
Europeā. Available at: http://www.hufļ¬ngtonpost.com/elinadav-heymann/sudden-rise-of-far-right-
_b_5512961.html
100. New York Times (2014) āPopulist Party Gaining Muscle to Push Britain to the Rightā.āØ
Available at: http://www.nytimes.com/2014/05/08/world/europe/populist-party-gaining-muscle-to-push-
britain-to-the-right.html
101. What are the recruitment methodsāØ
of far right groups?
106. 1. List of links per country
2. Analyse links between them
3. Study issues and actors
107. FindingsāØ
New issues (e.g. environment, anti-
globalisation and rights), principles and
recruitment techniques.
āØ
Counter-measures are outdated.
!
Islamophobia is located primarily in the North.
109. Rogers, R. et al (2013) āRight-Wing Formations in Europe and Their Counter-Measures: An Online
Mappingā. Digital Methods Initiative. https://wiki.digitalmethods.net/Dmi/RightWingPopulismStudy
112. Rogers, R. et al (2013) āRight-Wing Formations in Europe and Their Counter-Measures: An Online
Mappingā. Digital Methods Initiative. https://wiki.digitalmethods.net/Dmi/RightWingPopulismStudy
116. The Guardian (2012) āFar-right anti-Muslim network on rise globally as Breivik trial opensā.
Available at: http://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/apr/14/breivik-trial-norway-mass-murderer
117. Hope Not Hate (2012) āCounter-Jihad Reportā.āØ
Available at: http://www.hopenothate.org.uk/counter-jihad/
119. Digital Methods Initiative. āCounter-Jihadist Networks: Mapping
the Connections Between Facebook Groups in Europe.ā
120. Digital Methods Initiative. āCounter-Jihadist Networks: Mapping
the Connections Between Facebook Groups in Europe.ā
121. FindingsāØ
āØ
Facebook is an important medium for extremist
groups.
!
Three main clusters based on geographical
proximity.
!
European Counter-Jihadist groups are networked
and transnational.
122. Digital Methods Initiative. āCounter-Jihadist Networks: Mapping
the Connections Between Facebook Groups in Europe.ā
125. Findings!
!
Ofļ¬ine leaders are active on Facebook.
!
There are also new emerging online leaders.
!
New technique for identifying online leaders.
153. How might networks concepts and analysis
be used in journalism in the future?
154. Functions of network analysis in the
newsroom!
!
ā¢ Presentational or storytelling device
ā¢ Story discovery
ā¢ Exploratory analysis of complex networks
and big databases
ā¢ Newsroom knowledge management
ā¢ Internal reference resource
155. Opportunities
!
ā¢ New insights into large and complex
systems
ā¢ More network analysis, rather than just
network mapping
ā¢ New data and methods for tracing networks
using social media and hyperlink analysis
ā¢ Identifying new sources for interviews
ā¢ Researchers and journalists collaborating to
tell stories about complex topics
156. Challenges
!
ā¢ Lack of awareness
ā¢ Lack of ļ¬agship projects
ā¢ Time, resource and budget constraints
ā¢ Lack of technical capacity and tooling
ā¢ Speed of tools and methods
ā¢ Lack vocabulary for talking about network
analysis