Annotation_M1.docxSubject Information SystemsJoshi, G. (2.docx

Annotation_M1.docx
Subject: Information Systems
Joshi, G. (2013). Management information systems (Oxford
Higher Education). New Delhi: Oxford University Press.
This work is an informational piece written to provide
knowledge about management information systems for
individuals interested in management. The author is a very
intelligent and reliable source for this topic with a vast
knowledge base of all things entailed in information systems.
His in-depth coverage of the structures and concepts of this
topic contribute greatly to the excellence of this book.
Infrastructure information found in the work provides great
insight into things such as databases, hardware, software, and
other components of information systems. Talented author Joshi
wraps up his ideas by highlighting the importance of the
development, management, and challenges of management
information systems. This is a great work that serves as an
extremely reliable source of reference for those interested in
this topic.
Gregor, S. (2006). The Nature of Theory in Information
Systems. MIS Quarterly, 30(3), 611-642.
Gregor takes to his work, The Nature of Theory in Information
Systems, to shed light on his research regarding the nature of
information systems. Through this article the author addresses
things such as prediction, generalization, and explanation.
While he does so in a well- researched and knowledgeable
manner, he does neglect a few points about information systems
such as its structure. His concentration on things such as
prediction, explanation, and other related topics are to be
praised, as he provides an intelligent take on these things. As
for the article as a whole, the author could have done a better

job by providing my details about the aforementioned, and
other, neglected topics.
Varajão, J. (2013). Enterprise information systems. The
Learning Organization, 20(6) doi:10.1108/TLO-10-2013-0059.
In these articles, author Varajao gives a great account of the
significance of enterprise information systems and its
importance to individuals in fields which they frequently use
information systems to execute their jobs. The author brings
together five articles that all support his topic of enterprise
information systems. He is able to successfully cover every
aspect of the topic and leaves nothing to the imagination. His
expertise serves as a reliable source of information for this
topic, as well as all of its supporting information. His vast
knowledge of enterprise information systems and how it can
benefit many different areas is extremely commendable and
allots him the ability to serve as such an expert in the field.
Wang, C., Wu, C., Wu, C., Chen, D., & Hu, Q. (2008).
Communicating Between Information Systems. Information
Sciences, 178(16), 3228-3239. doi:10.1016/j.ins.2008.03.017.
This article serves as an intelligent source of reference for one
interested in the art of communicating between information
systems by highlighting how to do so and why it is important.
The authors use their intellectual abilities to compile
information for readers regarding what it takes to effectively
communicate between information systems. The extensive
concepts discussed in this article include things such as
homomorphism, consistent functions and their properties,
relation mappings, and arbitrary binary relations. These things
all play an incredible role in the effectiveness of
communications. The authors bring together their knowledge of
these things and the importance they hold to complete this well-
written and excellent article.
Heinzl, A., & Leidner, D. E. (2012). Information Systems and

Culture. Business & Information Systems Engineering, 4(3),
109. doi:10.1007/s12599-012-0211-y.
This work is a complete synopsis of the impact that information
systems have on culture and provides great insight by two
incredibly talented authors regarding the topic at hand. The
authors highlight the importance of culture in the world of
information systems. The development, implementation, and use
of these systems serve as a great source of reference for the two
talented authors who have successfully tied these things in with
the importance of their role in culture. The authors have
provided researchers with a thorough, knowledgeable source for
information about the topic at hand. This work is incredible and
very well-written.
Hitt, L., & Slaughter, S. (2009). Information systems.
Management Science, 55(1), v.
This scholarly article serves as a great piece that provides in-
depth information about information systems in the field of
management. The authors have put their heads together to
provide readers with a great piece that ties together all of their
own research on information systems in the management sector.
In turn, this piece serves as a great point of reference for
anyone researching information systems. Research methods are
also covered in this article, providing readers with a vast
understanding how the authors found the information they
highlight in their article. This piece if very well-written and
provides great details by two intelligent researchers.
Merali, Y., Papadopoulos, T., & Nadkarni, T. (2012).
Information systems strategy: Past, present, future? Journal of
Strategic Information Systems, 21(2), 125.
doi:10.1016/j.jsis.2012.04.002.
This work is a scholarly article that sheds light on how to use
predictive analytics in information systems and research. The
authors are experts in this field of study. Their knowledge
provides readers with a great understanding of the importance
of information systems and how tying predictive analytics into
research of information systems plays an incredible role in

understanding the past, present, and future of information
systems. Their ideas serve as a great support for anyone
interested in this topic. They are able to cover all important
topics that one would need to know in reference to this specific
subject. Overall, this work is a great source provided by three
very qualified authors.
M2_Literature_Review_Assignment (1).pdf
Page 1 of 3
Literature Review Assignment
The primary purpose of this assignment is to help you
understand that the literature review is an integral part of any
research project
and how it lays the groundwork for the investigation you will
do. Quoting from Hart (1998, p 13), Sekaran and Bougie (2013)
define a
literature review as,
…the selection of available documents (both published and
unpublished) on the topic, which contain information, ideas,
data and
evidence written from a particular standpoint to fulfill certain
aims or express certain views on the nature of the topic and how
it is
to be investigated, and the effective evaluation of these
documents in relation to the research being proposed. (p. 49)
They go on to say,
A literature review is a step-by-step process that involves the

identification of published and unpublished work from
secondary
data sources on the topic of interest, the evaluation of this work
in relation to the problem, and the documentation of the work.
(Sekaran & Bougie, 2013, p. 50)
In Module 1, you completed an annotated bibliography on a
topic that you selected. That assignment required you to find at
least 10
sources of various types, write a short summary of the
information found in each source, and write an evaluation of the
source’s
credibility, reliability, currency, possible bias, and usefulness
with respect to your topic.
This assignment builds on your annotated bibliography
assignment. For the topic you chose for your Module 1
Annotated Bibliography
Assignment, complete the following.
• Go through your annotated bibliography again.
• Based on information presented in your annotated
bibliography sources (and others if needed), define a problem
statement
that, in your opinion, would be useful for you to investigate.
• Organize your sources by sorting and classifying their
findings in a meaningful way, always considering your original
topic
and problem statement.
• Write a literature review that would seem to offer the greatest
potential for developing a good theoretical framework, using
seven to ten references. All of these can be from your annotated

bibliography, or you can use others in addition to those in
your annotated bibliography.
• Develop the theoretical framework incorporating its three
basic functions as discussed in the text.
• Generate a set of testable hypotheses based on the theoretical
framework.
Your report must contain the sections outlined below. APA
formatting standards must be followed throughout. The paper
does not have
to be lengthy; perhaps 750 to 1500 words. The introduction,
research question, and hypothesis statement sections should be
short and
succinct. Most of the word count in your report will be in the
literature review and theoretical framework sections. For an
example of the
content of a report, see Report 3 on page 374 of the Sekaran and
Bougie text.
Page 2 of 3
• Introduction
In this section, give a clear and concise statement of the
problem. Briefly indicate why it is a problem, why you selected
it, and
why it is important to solve the problem. Use references as
necessary to support your arguments.
• Literature Review
This should be one of the longer sections in your report. It

should summarize other work related to the problem you
identified. It
should identify important variables and document significant
findings from earlier research. According to Sekaran and
Bougie
(2013), it should:
…convince the reader that (1) the researcher is knowledgeable
about the problem area and has done the preliminary
homework that is necessary to conduct the research, and (2) a
theoretical framework (in deductive research) will be
structured on work already done and will add to the solid
foundation of existing knowledge. (p. 55)
Unlike the annotated bibliography, the literature review is not a
listing of sources with a summary of the findings of each and a
critique of the findings. The literature review, “should bring
together all relevant information in a cogent and logical
manner”
(Sekaran & Bougie, p. 55). Read through the examples on pages
37-38, 88-89, and 374-375 to see how a literature review
should be structured.
• Research Question
This should be a brief section with a clear and concise statement
of your question. It should be clear to the reader that your
question is a logical outgrowth of previous research as
summarized in your literature review.
• Theoretical Framework
This section applies to deductive research. It should be one of
the longer sections in your report. According to Sekaran and
Bougie:
The relationship between the literature review and the
theoretical framework is that the former provides a solid

foundation for
developing the latter. That is, the literature review identifies the
variables that might be important, as determined by previous
research findings. …. The theoretical framework represents and
elaborates the relationships among the variables, explains
the theory underlying these relations, and describes the nature
and direction of the relationships. (p. 77)
• Hypotheses
This brief section should contain a clear and concise statement
of your hypothesis or hypotheses. The hypotheses should be a
logical outgrowth of the theoretical framework. “Hypotheses
can be defined as logically conjectured relationships between
two or
more variables expressed in the form of testable statements”
(Sekaran & Bougie, 2013, p. 83).
• References
Your report must contain a reference section that includes all
sources in your paper. References must be in APA format.
As you work on this assignment, read Chapters 4 and 5 of the
Sekaran and Bougie text. Also read through the examples of a
literature
review on pages 37-38 and pages 88-89. Report 3 on page 374
of the text gives an example of a full report of this style.
You may find it helpful to outline your paper before you begin
to write it. An outline helps you see the logical connections (or
lack
thereof) among the parts of the paper. Following is a suggested
outline with a simple example:

of 3
• Introduction (setting up the discussion)
o The problem is … [people are carrying onto airplanes more
and more luggage, resulting in delays in boarding and
continued problems for flight attendants and gate agents]
o It’s important because … [the airline industry is vital to the
economy; no one likes delays; customers must not abandon
airline travel for other options]
o Solving it would result in … [improved customer experience,
resulting in better economic stability for the airlines]
• Literature Review (what has already been ‘said’ in this
‘conversation’)
o Previous research in this area has shown …
[the desire to carry on is driven by several factors:
security of personal valuables, convenience, baggage charges,
fear of lost luggage and wait time at arrival airport]
• Pros and cons [how these sources support and/or contradict
each other]
Solution

s explored so far include … [size and number limits, baggage
fees, improved tracking of luggage]
o Summary of lit review findings (where we are now with this
problem)
on limits to plane’s carry-on capacity and reducing
fear of lost luggage]
• Research Question (what new question/solution will be
investigated)
o What would happen if … [customer time were the focus of
improvement, specifically, if promptness of delivery to carousel
at arrival were improved? How important is it to customers that
their baggage arrive quickly at the pickup point?]
• Theoretical Framework (how the question arises logically
from the literature review)
o The dependent variable(s) is/are … [delays in boarding,
problems for flight attendants and gate agents, others….]
o The independent variable(s) is/are … [amount of carry-on
baggage]
• Hypotheses (what testable speculations arise from the

identified independent variables)
o Customers who are confident that their bags will arrive at the
carousel for pickup within 10 minutes of exiting the plane will
be more likely to check baggage rather than carry it on.
o Customers who value quick pickup of luggage upon arrival
will be more likely to check baggage rather than carry it on.
A draft of this assignment is due in Module 3. Your instructor
will provide you with feedback on your work and you will be
able to revise
it and turn in the final version in Module 5. Take advantage of
this opportunity! The purpose of the draft is to give you an
opportunity to
get feedback from your instructor prior to writing your final
version – the draft isn’t expected to be perfect. It will be
graded, and will
count 2% of your final course grade. A good grade on the draft
means that you submitted it on time; your instructor feels that
you put
good effort into it, and that it addresses the required topics. The
final version that is due in Module 5 will be subject to much
more
stringent grading criteria. That means it is possible that you

could receive a higher grade on a draft than on the
corresponding portion of
the final complete proposal.
Rubric_Activity_2.6_Literature_Review_Assignment (1).pdf
Page 1 of 3
Rubric for Grading the Literature Review Assignment
The following rubric will be used for grading your literature
review assignment. You should read through the rubric prior to
completing the
assignment as it tells you the important things your instructor
will be looking for as he/she grades your assignment.
Introduction
5 points
Clearly states a specific

problem, gives a brief,
succinct background,
and indicates why
solving it is important.
Identifies a problem and
gives some background
and indication of
importance.
Identifies a problem, but
the statement is too
broad. Little indication of
the background or
importance of the
problem.
Statement of the
problem is weak,
omitted, or
inappropriate. No
background given and
no indication of its
importance is given.

Literature Review –
Organization
20 points
Structure is intuitive and
sufficiently grounded to
each of the key
constructs and variables
of the proposed study.
The review was
organized using
subheadings. The
review was suitably
organized considering
the contents of the
selected
articles.
A workable structure has
been presented for
presenting relevant
literature related to the
constructs and variables
of the proposed study.
The review was suitably

organized considering
the contents of the
selected articles
The structure of the
literature review is weak;
it does not identify
important ideas,
constructs or variables
related to the research
purpose, questions, or
context. Organization
made the review difficult
to follow at times.
The structure of the
literature review is
incomprehensible,
irrelevant, or confusing.
The review was
minimally organized and
writing was difficult to
follow throughout.
Literature Review –

Content
20 points
Narrative integrates
critical and logical details
from appropriate
literature. Key constructs
and variables were
connected. Attention is
given to different
perspectives and opinion
vs. evidence. The
findings and results of
articles were thoughtfully
Key constructs and
variables were usually
connected to appropriate
literature. The findings of
articles were usually
compared, contrasted
and/or connected to
each other. The review
concluded with an
adequate summary.

A key construct or
variable was not
connected to the
research literature.
Selected literature was
from unreliable sources.
Literary
supports were vague or
ambiguous. The findings
of references were
mentioned with little
The review of literature
was missing or
consisted of non-
research based articles.
Propositions were
irrelevant, inaccurate, or
inappropriate. No
attempt was made to
connect references. No
attempt to summarize
the findings of the review

of 3
compared, contrasted
and/or connected to
each other. The review
concluded with a
summary of the
knowledge found from
this review and related
the knowledge gain to
the inquiry question
and/or no comparison or
connection to each
other. An inadequate
attempt was made to
summarize the findings
of the review.
was made.

Research Question
10 points
Articulates a clear,
reasonable, and succinct
research question or
questions. Connection
with the literature review
is clear and obvious.
Research questions are
stated, connected to the
research issue, and
supported by the
literature.
Attempt is made to state
a research question or
questions, but
question(s) is/are
unclear and
doesn’t/don’t’ follow
logically from the

literature review.
Research question(s)
omitted or poorly stated.
No attempt to connect
the question(s) to the
literature review.
Theoretical Framework
20 points
Framework is solidly
grounded in the
literature review.
Connections are clear
and accurate.
Relationships among
variables are clearly and
accurately explained.
Theory underlying the
relations is clearly
explained.
Framework is largely
grounded in the

literature review.
Connections are largely
clear and accurate.
Good attempt is made to
explain the relationships
among variables and the
theory underlying the
relations.
Attempt is made to
ground the framework in
the literature review.
Connections are
sometimes unclear.
Attempt is made to
explain the relationships
among variables, but it is
often unclearly or
inaccurate. Attempt is
made to explain the
theory underlying the
relations.
No attempt to explain
the theoretical

framework is made or no
attempt is made to
ground the framework in
the literature review.
Hypothesis
5 points
Hypotheses are clearly
stated using appropriate
language and/or
symbols. Relationship
between hypotheses
and theoretical
framework is clear.
Hypotheses are stated
using in appropriate
language and/or
symbols, but statement
is somewhat inaccurate.
Relationship between
hypotheses and

Attempt is made to state
the hypotheses in
appropriate language
and/or symbols but
statement is largely
inaccurate. Relationship
between hypotheses
Little attempt is made to
state the hypotheses in
appropriate language
and/or symbols.
Relationship between
hypotheses and
theoretical framework is
Page 3 of 3
Hypotheses are
expressed in the form of
testable statements.

theoretical framework is
established, but could be
clearer. Hypotheses are
and theoretical
framework is vague.
Hypotheses are
sometimes not
not stated or is
inaccurate. Hypotheses
are not expressed in the
form of testable
statements.
References
10 points
At least 7 appropriate
references were used
and each specifically

related to the question.
Standards of APA
formatting were followed
with very few errors.
At least 5 appropriate
references were used
that were related to the
question. Standards of
APA formatting were
followed but with some
errors.
Fewer than 5 references
were used and were
marginally related to the
question. Attempt was
made to follow
standards of APA
formatting but there
were frequent errors.
Inappropriate references
not related to the
question were used. No

attempt was made to
follow standards of APA
formatting or marginal
attempt was made but
there were numerous
errors.
Writing and Timeliness
5 points
Consistently applied
standards of English
composition. There were
no grammatical, spelling
and/or punctuation
errors and transitional
phrases were used to
guide the reader
throughout the text.
Assignment submitted
on time.
Paper conformed to
most standards of
English composition.

There was an occasional
grammatical, spelling
and/or punctuation error.
Timeliness of delivery
was acceptable.
Weak, incomplete,
ambiguous, or
inconsistent application
of rules of English
frequent grammatical,
spelling and/or
punctuation errors.
Delivery was delinquent.
Failure to apply standard
rules for English
many grammatical,
spelling and/or
punctuation errors that
distracted the reader
from the content of the
writing.

Delivery was delinquent
Formatting
5 points
Consistently applied
APA
guidelines in regards to
citations, references,
headings, table of
contents, page numbers,
and running
headers.
Manuscript conformed to
most APA guidelines
Weak, incomplete,
ambiguous, or
inconsistent application
of APA formatting.
Failure to apply APA
rules for manuscript

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