This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law: • any public performance or display, including transmission of any image over a network; • preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or in part, of any images; • any rental, lease, or lending of the program. * Moral Issues in Business 11th Edition by William H. Shaw and Vincent Barry Lecture Outlines * * Part I: Moral Philosophy and Business Chapter 1: The Nature of Morality Chapter 2: Normative Theories of Ethics Chapter 3: Justice and Economic Distribution * This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law: • any public performance or display, including transmission of any image over a network; • preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or in part, of any images; • any rental, lease, or lending of the program. Chapter One: The Nature of Morality * * OverviewChapter One examines the following topics:Business and organizational ethicsMoral versus nonmoral standards, etiquette and professional codesReligion and business moralityEthical relativism and the “game” of businessMoral principles, conscience, and self-interestPersonal values, integrity, and responsibilityMoral Reasoning, arguments, and judgments Moral Issues in Business Chapter 1 * Moral Issues in Business Chapter 1 Introduction to Business Ethics What is ethics? The study of right and wrong, duty and obligation, moral norms, individual character, and responsibility.What is business ethics? The study of right and wrong, duty and obligation, moral norms, individual character, and responsibility – in the context of business. Moral Issues in Business Chapter 1 * Moral Versus Nonmoral Standards Nonmoral standards: Standards about behavior or practices with no serious effects upon human well-beingMoral standards: Standards about behavior or practices with serious upon human well-being * Some Features of Moral StandardsMoral standards take priority over nonmoral standards.The soundness or validity of moral standards depend on the quality of the arguments or the reasoning that support them. * 2.unknown Morality and EtiquetteRules of etiquette are ordinarily nonmoral in character and are meant to serve as guidelines for socially acceptable behavior.Violations of etiquette can sometimes have moral implications.The strict observance of rules of etiquette can sometimes conceal serious moral issues. Moral Issues in Business Chapter 1 * (1) Morality and Law Statutes: Laws enacted by legislative bodies such as the U.S. Congress and state legislaturesRegulations: Laws enacted by special boards or agencies for various kinds of conductCommon law: The body of judge-made laws developed in English-speaking countries over the course of many centuriesConstitutional law: Court ruling ...

1. This multimedia product and its contents are protected under
copyright law. The following are prohibited by law:
• any public performance or display, including transmission of
any image over a network;
• preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction,
in whole or in part, of any images;
• any rental, lease, or lending of the program.
*
Moral Issues in Business
11th Edition
by
William H. Shaw and Vincent Barry
Lecture Outlines
*
*
Part I: Moral Philosophy
and Business

2. Chapter 1: The Nature of Morality
Chapter 2: Normative Theories of Ethics
Chapter 3: Justice and Economic Distribution
*
This multimedia product and its contents are protected under
copyright law. The following are prohibited by law:
• any public performance or display, including transmission of
any image over a network;
• preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction,
in whole or in part, of any images;
• any rental, lease, or lending of the program.
Chapter One:
The Nature of Morality
*
*
OverviewChapter One examines the following topics:Business
and organizational ethicsMoral versus nonmoral standards,
etiquette and professional codesReligion and business
moralityEthical relativism and the “game” of businessMoral

3. principles, conscience, and self-interestPersonal values,
integrity, and responsibilityMoral Reasoning, arguments, and
judgments
Moral Issues in Business
Chapter 1
*
Moral Issues in Business Chapter 1
Introduction to Business Ethics What is ethics? The study of
right and wrong, duty and obligation, moral norms, individual
character, and responsibility.What is business ethics? The study
of right and wrong, duty and obligation, moral norms,
individual character, and responsibility – in the context of
business.
Moral Issues in Business Chapter 1
*
Moral Versus Nonmoral Standards Nonmoral standards:
Standards about behavior or practices with no serious effects
upon human well-beingMoral standards: Standards about
behavior or practices with serious upon human well-being
*

4. Some Features of Moral StandardsMoral standards take priority
over nonmoral standards.The soundness or validity of moral
standards depend on the quality of the arguments or the
reasoning that support them.
*
2.unknown
Morality and EtiquetteRules of etiquette are ordinarily
nonmoral in character and are meant to serve as guidelines for
socially acceptable behavior.Violations of etiquette can
sometimes have moral implications.The strict observance of
rules of etiquette can sometimes conceal serious moral issues.
Moral Issues in Business
Chapter 1
*
(1) Morality and Law Statutes: Laws enacted by legislative
bodies such as the U.S. Congress and state

5. legislaturesRegulations: Laws enacted by special boards or
agencies for various kinds of conductCommon law: The body of
judge-made laws developed in English-speaking countries over
the course of many centuriesConstitutional law: Court rulings
on the requirements of the U.S. Constitution and on the
constitutionality of legislation
Moral Issues in Business
Chapter 1
*
(2) Morality and LawThe distinction between morality and
legality:An action can be illegal but morally rightAn action can
be legal but morally wrongProfessional codes: The rules that
govern the conduct of the members of a given
professionIndividuals have the responsibility to critically assess
the rules of their professionsThese rules are not always
complete and reliable guides to adequate moral conduct
Moral Issues in Business
Chapter 1
*
“You come upon this scene—the car is smoking, and it is clear
that an accident just took place. In most states, you are not
legally obligated to stop and offer help to the victims.”

6. *
(1) The Sources of MoralityThe justification of moral norms:
Moral philosophers study mainly the justification, rather than
the origin, of moral norms.The claim that morality is based on
religion:Religion provides incentives to be moralReligion
provides moral guidanceMoral norms are in essence divine
commands
Moral Issues in Business
Chapter 1
*
(2) The Sources of MoralityEthical relativism: The view
according to which moral norms derive their ultimate
justification from the customs of the society in which they
occur. This means that moral norms are not universal, but are
dependent upon a particular cultural or social context.
Moral Issues in Business
Chapter 1
*

7. Moral Issues in Business Chapter 1
(3) The Sources of Morality Implications of relativism:There is
no independent standard by which to judge the rightness or
wrongness of other societies.The idea of ethical progress loses
its significance.It wouldn't make sense to criticize the moral
code of one’s own society or culture.
Moral Issues in Business Chapter 1
*
Moral Issues in Business Chapter 1
(4) The Sources of Morality Relativism and the “game” of
business:The idea that business is a just game captures the
thesis of Albert Carr.He argued that business professionals are
expected to follow a code that has little or nothing to do with
ethics in other contexts. This view entails – incorrectly – that
the practices of business professionals cannot (or should not) be
evaluated from an ordinary moral standpoint.
Moral Issues in Business Chapter 1
*

8. (1) The Importance of Moral PrinciplesWhat it means to have
principles: Accepting moral principles is not just a matter of
intellectual recognition, but of profound individual commitment
to a set of values.Conscience: The internalized set of moral
principles taught to us by various authority figures – parents
and social institutions. Conscience and its limits: Conscience is
not always a reliable guide because it can be (1) conflicted and
(2) erroneous.
Moral Issues in Business
Chapter 1
*
(2) The Importance of Moral Principles Moral principles and
self-interest: The morality of an action can run counter to our
self-interestThe moral point of view requires that we restrict our
self-interest to satisfy social co-existence. In situations of
conflict between moral principles and self-interest, it is
important to appeal to shared principles of justification.
Moral Issues in Business
Chapter 1
*
Morality and Personal Values Morality in the narrow sense: The
moral principles or rules that do, or should, govern the conduct

9. of individuals in their relations with othersMorality in the broad
sense: The values, ideals, and aspirations that influence the
decisions and lifestyles of individuals and entire
societiesBusiness ethics are mainly concerned with morality in
the narrow sense. But values, ideals, and aspirations also affect
the behavior and ethical choices of business professionals.
Moral Issues in Business
Chapter 1
*
(1) Individual Integrity and Moral Responsibility
Organizational norms: Employees of business organizations
(especially corporations) are:Expected to further profit
goalsOften pressured to compromise moral values and ignore or
violate rules of ethical conductConformity: Studies show that
individuals are more prone to act unethically when they are a
part of an organization or a group.
Moral Issues in Business
Chapter 1
*
(2) Individual Integrity and Moral ResponsibilityGroupthink:
The pressure on group members to conform to morally
questionable policies or strategies, often resulting in unethical

10. conduct. Diffusion of responsibility: The multiplicity,
complexity, and distribution of tasks that can lead individuals to
feel less responsibility or accountability for their actions.
Moral Issues in Business
Chapter 1
*
(1) Moral ReasoningArgument: A group of statements in which
one statement (conclusion) is follows from the others
(premises)Example: If Norman is bald, then Norman does not
need a haircut.It is the case that Norman is bald.Therefore,
Norman does not need a haircut.
Moral Issues in Business
Chapter 1
*
(2) Moral ReasoningRequirements for a sound argument: If its
statements (premises and conclusion) are true and its form (or
structure) is validValidity: If the assumption that an argument's
premises are true guarantee that the conclusion is true, then it's
validInvalid arguments: If the assumption that an argument's
premises are true do not guarantee that the conclusion is true,
then it's invalidDetermining whether an argument is valid or
invalid requires familiarity with the rules of logic.

11. Moral Issues in Business
Chapter 1
*
(3) Moral ReasoningMoral arguments: Those conflicting
theories and beliefs whose conclusions are moral judgments,
based on the premise of moral standards and statements of
factExample: If an action violates the law, it is morally
wrong.Affirmative action on behalf of women and minorities in
personnel matters violates the law.Therefore, affirmative action
on behalf of women and minorities in personal matters is
morally wrong.
Moral Issues in Business
Chapter 1
*
(4) Moral ReasoningWhat makes a moral judgment defensible?
If it is supported by a defensible moral standard and relevant
factsEvaluating moral arguments: Clarifying the terms of the
premisesExamining the factual claimsAssessing the moral
standard
Moral Issues in Business

12. Chapter 1
*
(5) Moral ReasoningThus, an argument can be challenged
by:Uncovering ambiguity in the termsQuestioning the factual
claimsChallenging the moral standards
Moral Issues in Business
Chapter 1
*
(6) Moral ReasoningCriteria for moral judgments:Should be
logicalEmbedded in valid argumentsCompatible with moral and
nonmoral beliefsShould be based on factsShould be based on
acceptable moral principles
Moral Issues in Business
Chapter 1
*