The Dark Horse By James Napier Robertson

The Dark Horse By James Napier Robertson
In today 's society people tend to hear the word "bipolar" and automatically assume crazy,nutcase or
weird. In the film "Dark Horse" directed by James Napier Robertson, we could see how Genesis
Potini broke all stereotypical thoughts of having the mental illness of bipolar. Throughout all these
trials that Genesis went through he always came out on the other side. This made me wonder why
having a bipolar illness is a terrible illness to have in life. My hypothesis was that people who suffer
from bipolar live terrible lives. To test this my hypothesis I came up with the following questions:
How is bipolar illness treated in New Zealand?, what causes bipolar illness? and how is bipolar
viewed in the Tongan culture.
What is the cause of bipolar illness ?
Most of my resources agreed with my hypothesis by stating that bipolar suffers do have terrible lives
by not knowing the exact cause of bipolar. There are some presumable causes of bipolar which is
thought to be caused by faulty genes that have been passed down from generation to generation. (Dr.
Nick Stafford & Dr.John H. Noseworthy, 2012,2011) My first source, emphasizes that there is no
exact cause of bipolar illness but there is a lot of factors that could be considered
(John.Noseworthy,2012). This also links to my second resource which stated that an aspect resulting
to bipolar was to do with the number of faulty genes in the nucleus carried on from generation to
generation forming early stages of bipolar. Therefore
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Voyages Study Guide
Introduction to Cultural Anthropology: Final Exam Review Voyages: From Tongan Villages to
American Suburbs By Cathy A. Small Study Guide Chapter one: 1. The impact is that people who
migrate bring money back to the village. Along with the money they also bring new cultural ideas
and myths about the places they've traveled. 2. Tapa making is very important for the women of
Tonga, they have a group that meets for 14 weeks to make one cloth for one woman. Most people
also farm with help from the whole family. They all listen to the radio at night. 3. Tongans used to
make money by farming (70%) which changes in the future. 4. Two myths are that Tongans are
poverty stricken and poor and they are landless. The first ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
3. He hung himself 4. After he realized that she knew people in the village and was not naïve to the
customs, he backed off. Chapter seven: 1. The income tax system changed. Income taxes when
down and sales taxes went up. 2. Kava is a hot pepper drink that men drink in faikava groups. The
Faikava groups raised money with a drinking evening. 3. Remittance economy is a community that
gets its money from overseas families. People with families overseas had modern appliances in their
house and an increased morality. 4. When she would send them over, her sister put them outside her
house and people would just help themselves to the clothes. 5. Kavenga = obligations 6. The
community couldn't keep up with the change coming from the remittances families overseas. 7.
Buyers worked with the Tongan government to get the Tongans to plant pumpkins. The farmers took
out loans to buy the seeds and fertilizers. When the pumpkins grew there were too many and the
buyers didn't buy enough to get the farmers out of debt. Chapter eight: 1. Solo dance performed by
an unmarried girl of age 21. Alyssa dedicated her dance to her well known grandfather to raise more
money. Chapter nine: 1. To be near her mother for the birth, to give her baby the opportunity for
dual citizenship, and to think about her life. 2. Tongan tradition is very important to her Chapter ten:
1. The tongan way 2. There was a

Imperialism In Fiji
Fiji Fiji has generally been thought to have been settled between 2000 and 1000 BCE. More recent
work suggest that the first settlement may actually be even earlier, possible as early as 8000 BCE. It
is typically thought that Austronesian peoples first migrated to Fiji followed about 1000 years later
by Melanesians. The Tu'i Tonga Empire included Fiji from within in the 10th century until its fall in
the 13th century. This Tongan empire brought Polynesian culture and language into Fiji, though
most indigenous Fijians are Melanesians.
The islands were first recorded by a western explorer in 1643 when Dutch explorer Abel Janszoon
Tasman visited northeastern Fiji. European trade came heavily to Fiji in the early nineteenth century.
There was extensive trade in Fijian produced sandalwood and beche–de–mer for many European
tools including muskets. This led to the establishment of the first European settlement, Levuka, in
1822. Missionaries first came to Fiji in 1830 from the London Missionary Society via Tonga. They
were followed by Tongan Prince Enele Ma'afu supported Methodist missionaries in 1835. Fierce
warfare amongst rival small ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He adopted a series of policies that were intended to protect iTaukei. Central to these was his ban on
further land sales (requiring the remaining land be leased) and a prohibition on using iTaukei
labourers on the plantations (theoretically to protect them from exploitation). He also elected to
allow the chiefs to maintain control of their local areas and established the Great Council of Chiefs
as an advisory body. Fijians were also prohibited from enlisting in World War I, again in an attempt
to protect them. Though these measures allowed for a reasonably good, though highly paternalistic,
colonial experience for iTaukei, the prohibition on using iTaukei labourers was problematic for
European plantation owners whose models depended upon cheap

Examples Of Satire Essay
Stupidity or Satire?
Laughter can be an instinctive expression of lively amusement although we don't usually realise the
offence of the joke we are laughing at. Tamara discusses modern satire and its position in humanity.
Sometimes the world we live in can be too blinded or careless to really discover the reasons why we
laugh at satirical comedy. Satire can be like a dream. When were in the dream we remember bits of
details and when we wake up we don't realise what our dream was about in the first place. Satire can
relate to this because as were watching satirical things were able to laugh at the subject of mockery
even when it can be so stupid, yet when we walk away from it we forget what we watch and keep
living our lives. TV shows such as Summer Heights is well–known and prominent to a lot of people
including myself and close family and friends. There are probably many different reasons why we
watch this stupid yet ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Lilley mocks several diverse subjects including Asians, private school girls, Polynesian teenagers,
housewives, police officers, deaf people and juvenile detention facilities, just to name a few. "White
men insulting other white men can be funny yet still amusing. Just as Chinese people mocking other
Chines people can be amusing. What isn't funny is people like Lilley, a white male mocking ethnic
minorities at their expense to gets some laughs" said an outraged viewer.
Now, let us take a closer look at one of Lilley's mockumentaries, 'Jonah from Tonga' (see picture
below). 'Jonah from Tonga' is an Australian television series written by and starring Lilley. A
satirical technique such as reversal is used throughout this whole mockumentary. It's TV series that
follows the life of Jonah Takalua, a rebellious 14 year old Australian boy of Tongan background
who had been introduced in Lilley's 2007 series, Summer Heights

A Lost City Found Among The Coral Reefs Of The Pacific
A lost city found among the coral reefs of the Pacific, Nan Mandol is now ruins adjacent to the
eastern shore of the island of Pohnpei that once was the capital of the Saudeleur Dynasty until 1628
(Ayres et al. 1992). Recently, a research group from the Southern Methodist University led by Mark
D. McCoy found the earliest direct evidence of monument building at Nan Madol (McCoy et al.
2016). This is a significant discovery that pushes back the initial age of dynasty in the Pacific over
100 years, and provides anthropologist a new way to study the evolution of society. Before this
discovery, scientists had set the date for the first dynasty in the Pacific to around 1300 CE. McCoy
et al. (2016) stated, "The earliest evidence of hierarchical ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
The age they established was 1180 CE, over 100 years earlier than was previously assumed. The
reason for its enhanced effectiveness is based around measuring the basalt samples carbon 14
content, and comparing it with the carbon 14 activity in modern and background samples. "We
report the earliest secure dates on the construction of monumental architecture in the remote islands
of the Pacific located at the site of Nan Madol on Pohnpei Island in Eastern Micronesia. High–
precision uranium series dating of coral from the tomb of the Saudeleur Dynasty indicate political
control over the entire island was established by AD 1180–1200 (770–750 yr)" (McCoy et al. 2016).
This evidence is a strong indicator that Nan Mandol has had significant influence on other
communities within Eastern Micronesia due to its early establishment. According to Clark et al.
(2007), evidence drawn from monumental architecture is one of the greatest indicators for
prehistoric socio–political organization. Nan Mandol is therefore opening a door to study the
establishment of kingdoms in the Pacific. The island of Pohnpei is important for two reasons: First
its archaeology, second its geology. First, the date of settlement for Pohnpei has been estimated at
AD 1 (1950 cal yr BP) (Athens et al.1990). According to Hanlon et al. (1988),

Obesity Epidemic Analysis
Over the years, the obesity epidemic has swept across both developing and developed countries,
causing concerns about potential health care burdens (Han, Lee, Lean, Finn, O'Neill, Bartfai, Forti,
Giwercman, Kula, Pendleton, Punab, Rutter, Vanderschueren, Huhtaniemi, Wu & Casanueva, 2015).
As Jackson, Beeken & Wardle (2015) discovered, weight discrimination is a perpetual issue faced
by those classified as overweight or obese in western societies. Such discrimination can be the result
of stigmatizing messages put forth by health care professionals and thus call for a need to raise
awareness amidst these professionals (Jackson et al., 2015). When the human body undergoes the
aging process, many of the physical changes can cause distress in the ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
With the existent literature, one can infer that the decreased walkability of a physical environment
can serve as another limitation that leads to the functional decline of older adults. As we age, our
mobility declines, and living environments that are not conducive to such physical limitations can
hinder our overall functionality (Putrik et al., 2015; Chen & Guo, 2008). In conjunction with all of
the comorbidities that individuals experience as part of the aging process, the level of disease(s)
often indicate the level of functional capacity one has – where quite often it is quite limited in nature
(Chen & Guo, 2008). The impact of obesity on functional mobility can be particularly detrimental to
older women, as they experience increased physical disability with increasing age (Riebe, Blissmer,
Greaney, Ewing Garber, Lees & Clark, 2009). As we have learned, older women tend to seek out
social supports far more than older men do, and as a result, if these supports are lacking, they are
less likely to be motivated to partake in physical activity to maintain their health. Surtees,
Wainwright & Khaw (2004) reinforced the notion that cohesive social support networks (family and
friends) are needed by older individuals to maintain their functional independence. Once functional
mobility and independence begin to decline, it sets

The Current Shape Of Earths Landmasses Was First Proposed...
Question 1 The idea of Continental Drift to explain the current shape of Earths landmasses was first
proposed by Abraham Ortelius in 1596. He proposed the idea to highlight the geometrical
coincidences between America and Europe–Africa. In his work Thesaurus Geographicus he
suggested that the Americas were "torn away from Europe and Africa...by earthquakes and floods",
and that "the vestiges of rupture reveal themselves, if someone brings forward a map of the world
and considers carefully the coasts of the three." Antonio Snider–Pellegrini was a French geographer
and scientist who theorized the possibility of continental drift several decades before Alfred
Wegener in his publication The Creation and its Mysteries Unveiled. He came to this ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
William Henry Pickering was another who proposed the idea of continental drift before Wegener. In
1907 Pickering suggested that moon was once part of the earth and broke away where the Pacific
Ocean now lies. He speculated that America, Asia, Africa, and Europe once formed a single
landmass that eventually broke up because of the separation of the moon. Alfred Wegener was a
German polar researcher, geophysicist, and meteorologist. During his lifetime he was mainly known
for his achievement in meteorology, but after his death he is most remembered for his advancement
of the idea of continental drift. In 1912 he theorized that the continents were slowly drifting around
the earth. It was not until the 1950s though that his ideas were widely accepted. Numerous
discoveries at that time, such as paleomagnetism provided strong support for his idea of continental
drift. Wegener first thought of this idea by noticing that the landmasses of earth fit together like a
jigsaw puzzle. The Continental shelf of the Americas fit closely to Africa and Europe, and
Antarctica, India, Australia, and Madagascar fit next to the southern tip of Africa. Wegener closely
analyzed either side of the Atlantic Ocean for rock type, geological structure, and fossils, and
noticed a significant similarity between matching sides of the continents, specifically in plant
fossils. Alfred

Earthquakes & Subduction Zones Lab Report
Earthquakes and Subduction Zones Lab
Amy Paret
Mrs. Igo
9th Grade
Periods 3 and 4 Even
Date: 2/14/13
Background Research:
This lab uses earthquake data to construct profiles of two convergent boundaries: the Tonga Trench
and the Peru–Chile Trench. Where two tectonic plates converge, if one or both of the plates is an
oceanic lithosphere, a subduction zone will form. When crust is formed at a mid–ocean ridge, it is
hot and buoyant meaning it has a low density. As it spreads away from the ridge and cools and
contracts, or becomes denser, it is able to sink into the hotter underlying mantle. When two oceanic
plates collide, the younger of the two plates, because it is less dense will ride over the edge of the
older plate. The density of the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Going by intervals of 50 km, label zero at the top of the y–axis and 700 at the bottom of the y–axis.
14. On the left section of the graph paper (Tonga Trench) create a scale for the horizontal axis
(longitude) ranging from 173–180 °W. Going by intervals of 1°W, label the right end of the x–axis
173 and the left end of the x–axis 180.
15. On the right section of the graph paper (Peru–Chile Trench) create a scale for the horizonal axis
(longitude) ranging from 61–71 °W. Going by intervals of 1°W, label the right end of the x–axis 61
and the left end of the x–axis 71.
16. Plot the earthquake data from the region associated with the Tonga Trench from Table 1 on the
left section of the graph paper, using a dot to represent each data point.
17. Plot the earthquake data from the region associated with the Peru–Chile Trench from Table 1 on
the right section of the graph paper, using a dot to represent each data point.
18. Draw a best–fit line for the Tonga Trench data. A best fit line is a smooth line that shows the
trend of the data; the line does not have to pass through the data points.
19. Draw a best fit line for the Peru–Chili Trench.
20. On the left side of the graph (Tonga Trench) label the Pacific Plate (right side of the line of best
fit) and the Indian Australian Plate (left side of the line of best fit)
21. Draw an arrow to show the direction of motion of the Pacific Plate (subducting under the Indian
Australian Plate)
22. On the right side of the

Summer Heights High Analysis
The two films of documentary Educating Essex and mockumentary Summer Heights High both
have troublesome teenagers as the centre of the text. Summer Heights High has Jonah, Jonah is from
a Tongan background and is the main trouble maker in the school. Educating Essex is the
documentary of Vinni, Vinni was a bright, likeable star pupil when he came to Passmore Academy
school in year 7. Vinni was affected by the breakdown of his parents' marriage, he was unable to
emotionally cope and he went down in a spiral becoming a nuisance in the school. The comparative
essay question is asking me, what is my view of the topic question. That if documentaries and
mockumentaries Can give a meaningful, objective and realistic portrayal of the modern male ...
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Summer Heights High is set in an average year 7–12 school in Australia. They both share some
similarities and differences. One of the major differences between them is how the school in
Educating Essex deals with the atrocious behaviour of Vinni. Vinni used to be a star pupil but he did
not emotionally cope well with the breakdown of his parents' marriage. The school refused to expel
him because 80–85% of prison inmates were expelled from high school and his school stood by his
side until the year 10, end of year exams. Educating Essex did not show a meaningful, objective and
realistic portrayal of the modern male experience of school because the character of Vinni was
aggrandized to be a dramatic character.
In the mockumentary Summer Heights High Jonah's background is closely related to Vinni's
behaviour. Jonah has a behaviour of being disruptive, ultimately caused from his mother's death.
Unlike Educating Essex Jonah was expelled because of a threat he made to a teacher. The stereotype
Jonah is designed to portray is typically destructive, rude and stupid behaviour, reflecting why Jonah
was expelled.
Both the characters in Educating Essex and Summer Heights High are exaggerated examples of
showing bad behaviour and utter disobedience, not leading to a meaningful, objective and realistic
portrayal of the modern male experience of school. Both Educating Essex and Summer Heights
High have

The New Approach For Professional Learning Development For...
Disciplined Inquiry as a technique to frame the new approach for Professional Learning
Development for Educators in Tonga. Teachers and educators need to take professional development
more seriously as they are the only means by which they will be able to be updated, enriched and to
keep up with changes occurring in the educational world and to keep up with new developments.
Bell and Gilbert (1996) found that effective professional development needs to meet teachers'
professional, personal and social needs. They also argue that professional development programs
need to provide teachers with new teaching ideas, new resources and equipment to improve the
learning of their students. The advisory group for Professional Learning and Development (PLD) in
their report (June, 2014) saw the need for change in PLD and therefore put forward six principles
that frame a new approach for PLD. One of these six principles is Disciplined Inquiry (DI). I
strongly believe that DI is central to PLD and will aid in the transforming of schools in Tonga since
it provides teachers with opportunities to improve their teaching skills, arouse students' curiosity and
cause motivation which will accelerate valued students' outcomes. In addition this enables teachers
to develop their expertise, initiate collective responsibility based on evidence, deepen their subjects'
knowledge, while also being responsive to the diversity of leaders' and teachers' learning needs.
Timperly and Parr (2010) state that

Marcel Mauss, A French Sociologist
Big round eyes devoid of life stare directly at me. The body lays stiff, unanimated by the pounds of
stuffing and the absence of senses. It's brown fur rubs across my hand as I hold it's existence. With
paws facing forward and the tail posterior to the body, my dog plush was displaying it's anatomical
position. A gift given from my grandmother, my plush's defining feature was it's oversized black
muzzle and the minute tongue that permeated through. Gifts are meant to hold sentimental value,
which is part of the reason why gifts are exchanged today. Yet, is there anything else that makes
gifts more intriguing to what we see today? Marcel Mauss, a French sociologist , published The Gift
in which he studied Polynesian culture and the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Incidentally, one can never fathom a mere thought of cursed gifts. Hau "the spirit of things" (Mauss
pg.13) is a magical phenomenon that possesses gifts. This is due to the fact that, when gifts are
exchanged "it will possess something of him......a kind of personality." To further elaborate on this
point, gifts are essentially a curse in Polynesian culture. Whenever there was an act of trade, the
exchange was viewed upon as a legal tie in which "a tie occurring through things, is one of the soul.
Hence it follows that to make a gift of something to someone is to make a present of some part of
oneself. " (Mauss Pg.12) In a sense, preparing a gift follows this mindset because accepting a gift
means to accept the giver's offering and their feelings concentrated into it. Which in turn can be
linked to my plush that represents a part of my grandmother that was given to me. My grandmother
is Jamaican. The gift I was given came directly from her homeland, Jamaica. I've had my plush for
over a decade. Growing up, I could have decided a long time ago to part with childish items. Yet, I
chose to hold on to this particular gift. Maybe it is due to the amount of years that have passed. Or
perhaps by throwing it away would be the same as throwing away time. I feel as if i'm obligated in a
way to preserve my gift. Why throw away something when it was meant to be used and not
discarded? I guess preserving my gift would consider it a tonga in this situation. Mauss studied
items

Jared Diamond: Why Do Societies Collapse?
Jared Diamond: Why do societies collapse? As I listen to Jared Diamond on this video I had a hard
time listening to him. It seemed like he was just rambling on but here is what I gathered. Yes, I am
interested in finding out about the societies that have collapsed like the Maya in the Yucatan, the
Easter Islanders, the Anasazi, Fertile Crescent society, Angor Wat, and Great Zimbabwe. I'm also
interested in finding out about how our environment has affected our past collapses. It's nice to see
that even though we have had different types of society's collapse, we have also had some that have
withstood thousands of years like Japan, Java, Tonga and Tikopea. So, as I gather my information I
take that some societies are a little more fragile than ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
First causing their soil to erode and second effects of the climate changes affected them. The
relations with neighboring societies caused their trade to dwindle down. Fourth, Eskimos and Norse
did not get along causing problems amongst them. Fifth, political, economic, social and cultural
problems made it harder for them to solve their own environmental problems. Greenland Norse
society collapses because of those five major reasons. Montana has been affected by the toxic mine
waste, causing billions of dollars in damage because of the effects on their agricultural areas. Also,
the climate change made Montana drier and warmer. Leading the snow to melt and causing issues
for Montana irrigational agriculture. Another factor was hostile relationships with their neighboring
states. Mr. Diamond proceeds to talk about the value of mathematical functions. Saying if we are
concerned about our society we should be not only be paying attention to the wealth itself but also
environmental factors and competitive ranks. Greenland Norse commitment to religion and strong
social cohesion also made it difficult for them to change and to learn from the Inuit. Australia had a
hard time surviving civilization for 250 years because of British

Democracy in Bhutan
A comparative analysis
of democracy
in Bhutan and Tonga
Naizang
(November 7th, 2012)
Acknowledgement
I wish to thank and acknowledge my module tutor Mr. Sabarjeet Mukherjee and Mr. Mahindra
Balasuriya for guiding me throughout my research. I would like to extend my sincere thanks to my
colleagues for their advice and help.
Abstract
A comparative analysis of democracy in Bhutan and in Tonga has not been done and this article
attempts to make a comparative analysis of democracy in Bhutan and Tonga. The analysis has been
done using content analysis method whereby the elements of democracy such as citizen ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Bhutan and Tonga had become a democratic nation at around same period and have a similar kind of
history. The research paper will try to explore the emergence of democracy in the two countries. It
will further analyze the state of democracy in the two countries. A comparative study of the
upholding of the elements of democracy such as party system, electoral system, universal suffrage
and citizen's rights and duties by the two nations will be done. The research paper will mainly focus
on making a comparative analysis of democracy in Bhutan and in Tonga.
Chapterisation
Chapter two is a literature review done on democracy at the level of the world, and democracy in
Tonga and in Bhutan. The literature review includes the methodology used for the research and the
guiding research questions which would help in making a comparative study of democracy in the
two countries.

The third chapter of this paper talks about democracy in Bhutan. The chapter has been further sub
divide into sub topics where the elements of democracy have been discussed individually. The
chapter will elucidate on how Bhutan has been able to uphold the elements of democracy.
Fourth chapter talks about democracy in Tonga. The chapter has been divided into sub topics where
the elements of democracy have been discussed. It mainly focuses on the upholding of elements of
democracy in Tonga.
Chapter five makes a comparative analysis of democracy in Bhutan and in

Tattooing In Samoa
Summer Wise
Anthropology 314
J. Howell
December 7, 2017
Tattooing in Samoa
Introduction: why does this matter? Origin story and meaning The Samoans are an ethnic group that
reside in Oceania, on the islands of Samoa, in an area of Polynesia. Samoa has been occupied by
these indigenous people for about 3000 years, when they came from the west, occupying the islands
of Fiji and Tonga around the same time (Barnes and Hunt 2005, 243). They carry many traditions
with their culture, however, I will be discussing their tradition of tattooing. Tattooing is the process
of inserting ink pigment into someone's skin to create a permanent design on them. For Samoans,
tattoos are much more significant than just a pretty piece of artwork, they are, according to Ryman
(2004), a right of passage. I will be reviewing the importance of cultural tattoos, the process of being
tattooed, and the varying origin stories of how tattooing first came to Samoa. Samoan tattooing
matters because it is a cultural tradition that has been practiced in Samoa for over 3000 years (Ellis
2006, 698).
Demographics:
Samoa is divided into two, separate nations, The Independent State of Samoa (referred to as Samoa)
and Territory of American Samoa (referred to as American Samoa). Samoa, formerly known as
Western Samoa, is an independent nation based on a unitary parliamentary democracy, which
consists of a legislative, executive, and judiciary branch (Government of Samoa). Samoa is made up
of two, main islands,

Coral Reef Loss
A current problem impacting the island of tonga is the destruction of coral reef. One solution to this
problem is to put guard towers to watch people or higher more DLNR (department of land and
natural resources) workers. According to Coral conservation the text states "the world's coral are in a
crisis." This shows that if we do not take action and do something about it like hire more DLNR
workers we may as well kiss the reefs goodbye. According to coral reef: threats/ wwf the text states
"Roughly one–quarter of coral reefs worldwide are already considered damaged beyond repair, with
another two–thirds under serious threat." This shows that hiring more DLNR is needed because they
can watch to make sure no one is doing anything to harm the reef and that a lot of the reef is already
gone. To reach this solution we must first agree that there is a problem and that this is a way to help
fix ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
According to losing our coral reefs, the text states that "Ten percent of coral reefs have already been
damaged beyond repair, and if we continue with business as usual, WRI projects that 90% of coral
reefs will be in danger by 2030, and all of them by 2050." This shows that if we do not do anything
to try and help then the coral reef will be in some serious trouble. In order to launch the commercials
we must hire a company to broadcast our commercials during their breaks like CNN. According to
threats to coral reef, the text states "Sometimes poisons like cyanide are dumped into the water to
stun fish and make them easier to capture. Sadly, fishing with cyanide often kills fish, corals, and
other forms of wildlife, while degrading the reef habitat itself." This shows that advertising
commercials will help to notify and encourage people to be more aware and responsible. By doing
this we will help to save a lot of

What Has Been The Most Important Event In Their Life
1. Give a brief introduction about your person. Who are they, what do they do, where do they live,
what is important to them, etc.?
As Small explained, Palu or Emma is the one who left her family to live her own life and dreams.
She was one of the daughters of Atu. At one point, she worked at a credit union due to her father and
his connections. There, she made about $5 which is decent. Overtime, she worked her way up to
become the secretary. Palu did not like the job. Her only reason for staying is the money she gets
from Atu which is $20 and the allowance from her job as secretary which is $30. Currently, Emma,
"she prefers to be called by her American name," lives in The United States along with her non–
Tongan boyfriend Greg. Her first part time job in the us was "work in a mailroom" where she made
$10 an hour (Small 93).
2. What has been the most important event in their life and why? ... Show more content on
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Within two years in her part time job, she managed to accumulate money to pay for a "used car" and
"her own apartment" (Small 94). without this migration, she would continue to live as the "quiet and
dutiful child" of Atu and Malia (Small 88). In America, she learned how to fend for herself. She did
not enjoy the fact that a Tongan elderly was taking advantage of her modesty. She used to let her
borrow money in which took "a year and few months" to pay back. She would buy food for herself
and the lady and they would eat together. Now, they alternate in buying lunch which seemed to
prove to be "more equal" (Small

Cook's Impact On The Polyneasians
Europeans explored the world for new territory since the early 1500s with the idea of conquering
new land and spreading religion. Many explorers had the idea of whatever new land that was
discovered must be conquered, but Cook did not see it that way. Although he was ordered to not
conquer unless first asking permission he did something no other explorer did. Cook learned from
the natives. He learned new techniques to navigate and view the ocean. Although Cook did learn
from the Polyneasians the impact that the Europeans had on the Polynesians was catastrophic and
detrimental to their survival. The Europeans handled their encounters completely different than how
Cook handled his encounters with the Polynesians. Christian missionaries and ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
"the first contact with Westerners would have a devastating impact" (Conquest of Hawaii 15:10).
Cook knew that the Natives could not combat the diseases they brought with them such as
gonorrhea and syphilis, but once Cook got news of the sexual contact with the Natives he knew they
were "doomed" (Conquest of Hawaii 15:52). Although the Europeans did do tremendous harm they
also did some good even though it was not planned. An unintended effect from the Missionaries
teaching the native how to write was the kids talking to their elders and documenting historical
factors. "They wrote down rituals. They wrote down social class systems. They recorded the history
of the ruling chiefs and of the common people. And that legacy, I think is just invaluable" (Conquest
of Hawaii 51:14) The culture would no longer be the same from when Cooked arrived to when
Horwitz arrived, Horwitz wrote, "the captain described islanders as not only exceptionally
hospitable but also as "a people of a good deal of levity"" but in Horwitz case it was the complete
opposite where the Tongan's would ignore them and cars would not care it they were crossing the
streets (Horwitz

The Sign of Four Summary Essay
The Sign of Four takes place in London in 1888. It started with the circumstance in which Edward
Watson watches Sherlock Holmes inject cocaine three times a day for the past several months.
Edward Watson is afraid to ask Holmes to stop using them. Finally, he got the courage and told him
to stop taking them but Holmes simply told him that it elucidate his lethargic mind. Then Ms.
Morstan comes to Sherlock Holmes and explains her unusual situation. Her father was in India. He
sent a letter to his daughter saying that he had a twelve months leave and was coming home. She
went to go meet him but he was not there. The hotel he stayed at said that he was staying there, but
had left and had not yet come back. A few years later, there was an ... Show more content on
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Right before his father died, he told his twin brother, Bartholomew, to give Mrs. Morstan her share
of the treasure. Major Sholto was about to tell his sons about the treasure but the man with the
wooden leg appeared and Major Sholto died of instant fear. The twin sons of the late Major Sholto
had conflicts of dividing the treasure, and Bartholomew, who found the treasure, faced a horrible
death. The two brothers made every effort to find the treasure after their father's sudden death but
weren't successful. However, before Major Sholto's death, Major Sholto had removed a chaplet to
send to Ms. Morstan. Thaddeus proposed sending it to Ms. Morstan but Bartholomew disagreed so
Thaddeus gave Ms. Morstan one pearl every year. Bartholomew found the treasure so Thaddeus
contacted Ms. Mortan so they could go together to claim their shares. When they arrived late at
Pondicherry Lodge, they discovered that Bartholomew was dead with a poisoned thorn darted in his
skin. The box of treasure had been stolen and the note saying "the sign of four". Holmes decided
after examining that there were two people in the room, one with small feet and one with a wooden
leg. He immediately got a dog to trace these people which led the men to the water which was where
the men took a steam launch named the Aurora. Jonathon Small revealed the secret of the Sign of

A Comparison of Mexican and Tongan Immigrant Groups Essay...
A Comparison of Mexican and Tongan Immigrant Groups I chose to write my paper on the
comparison and contrast of two immigration groups. I chose them because they are extremely
similar once they have arrived in America, and very different culturally. The two groups that I chose
are the Mexicans and the Tongans. It is never easy for someone when they arrive in a new country,
but it is how you handle yourself while you are there is what counts, so my goal is to show a brief
comparison of these two migrant groups. Living in Arizona you come to interact with quite a few
Mexicans in your life. Many people are afraid of what they don't understand, Mexicans and
Americans. It is strange to me that Mexicans are the way that they ... Show more content on
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The Arizona Republic article "Dying to Work" really sends the readers ideas into a mix of concepts
that are trying to change their opinions to fit a certain idea. For example reading about all the people
who die crossing the sonoran desert gives you a sense of sorrow for their lives. Then also reading
about the one hundred and forty thousand foreign–born individuals that are in jail in the United
States. This is when it becomes hard to say that they are dying to work, not just dying to get money.
If you read through the articles that are talking about the Mexicans their is always a two sided
argument. One for the poor immigrants who have nothing to eat, and one for the gang banging, drug
pushing individuals. The sad thing is that the Mexicans are not the only ones doing this. So people
can't so easily call this an illegal immigrant problem. There are a lot of white American born people
who are totting guns around and pushing drugs, but they aren't doing it to feed their family, they are
simply lazy. Not to say that all Mexicans are totting guns or are even trying to feed their family they
are just trying to live. Reading through these articles that are based of the Mexican immigrant
population their is a lot of truth that ignorant people do not want to here. What about the Mexicans
that wash dishes at the restaraunt or wash your car in one hundred and fifteen degree weather, what
are they doing

The Modern Life Span Perspective Essay
Some scientist and theorist believe that a person 's current position in life is the result of a
combination of their experiences and interacting influences. This can occur from infancy through
very old age, even before birth. For example, career choices can be affected by personal experiences
or inborn abilities. This may be from the individual or the influence of adult role models, which can
be positive or negative. According to Sigelman, Rider, & De George–Walker (2013), human
development is shown to be very complex, with many interconnected processes through the modern
lifespan perspective. This context is based on seven key assumptions, where I will analyse in depth
in this paper and will show how the modern life span perspective is relevant to my decision to
become a Social worker based on my experiences.
The life span perspective in Paul Baltes ' view is the "study of constancy and change in behaviour
throughout the life course from conception to death." (Baltes, 1987, p.611). Being a development
psychologist, Baltes constructed seven frameworks that shows that development is multi directional,
which means different processes of change all through the lifespan. Secondly, development is
multiply influenced by a person 's development, an effect brought about from both biological and
environmental factors. Thirdly, understanding development requires multiple disciplines,
development that analyse in all directions so that it can be understood through many perspectives

Reflection Paper
It's been said, "Behind every cloud, there is a rainbow."
To most, living on a tropical island sounds like paradise or something out of a dream. People often
fantasize about tropical islands filled with warm breezes, swaying coconut trees, sandy beaches, and
exotic animals. Unfortunately I know that those dreams are not an accurate reflection of most
tropical islands. I know because when I was six years old my parents decided that our family of five
should become missionaries in the South Pacific. In 2006, without much notice or discussion, we
moved from South Carolina to the distant land of Tutuila, American Samoa, an unorganized,
unincorporated territory of the United States located deep within the South Pacific. We lived there
for four years, and they were the most interesting and formative years of my life.
Before moving to Samoa, we lived in a typical middle class neighborhood with picket fences as
white as our neighbors. My interactions were always with people that looked like me and talked like
me. In Lexington, I was the majority, in Samoa I was the minority. While in Samoa, our house was
filled with mosquitoes, harmless geckos, friendly interns, scurrying rats, a hilarious uncle, and flying
termites. I met Kiwis and Australians, Samoans and Tongans, transgendered men and alcoholics.
Unlike my time in South Carolina, in the South Pacific, I was the peculiar one. My family was
wealthier than most people at my church, who were mainly Samoan, yet not as wealthy as most

The Mexica Army
Because the Mexica military was very strongly organized and therefore defeated many armies, the
warriors became a part of the upper social class. The military forces were mainly made up of male
aristocrats who were trained in military from a young age. Therefore, as members of the higher
social class, they received respect from the Mexica society as well as huge stretches of land,
luxurious food, and fancy clothes, which enhanced their status and power even further. The lack of a
government in the Aztec empire led to the local administration of conquered people. They often
gathered the tribute that the Mexica taxed during their conquest; however, they did not hold a strong
enough power to establish an imperial rule. The accumulation of tribute

Moana Film Analysis
There are some concepts that I want to explain that were in the movie. First is how the Social Class
works for the Polynesian people. Moana is the direct bloodline of the chief for her tribe. She is next
in line to rule after her dad passes it on to her. The Social class for her people is the Gods, Tribal
Chief, Princess, and the people. Their people are very humbled and honored to have a great tradition
of chiefs and history throughout time, and Moana is next in line. Her father tries to lead by example
and guides her through the process. But Moana wants to travel the seas and become a way–finder.
Like in most Polynesian culture, traveling the seas was exploring other far away islands near their
islands. In the Pacific Ocean there are over ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
My second concept is Power and the direct connection it has with the ancestors of Moana's people.
For generations her family has had the power to control what goes on in the reef. Thousands of years
ago, Polynesian people were architects at traveling the seas. Finding new land and providing new
voyages for their people. Over time they found New Zealand, Tonga, Samoa, and many other small
islands. In Moana she is the direct bloodline and a leader of her people, so voyaging is part of their
culture. But her father oppressed her not to travel the seas, and never leave the reef. No one went
past the barrier reef, not even the chief himself. In Polynesian culture they travel by boat. Over time
many Polynesians were scattered throughout the Pacific Ocean. In Polynesian culture they take
pride in traveling the seas and following their ancestors' footsteps. Because of an unfortunate event
that happened to the chief he uses his power to oppress his daughter from leaving. Or at least he
tried. Another character that uses his power and is the direct cause for the islands to die is Maui.
Who is a demi– god blessed by the Sea Gods to bring happiness to the world? Since he is Immortal
and can't die, Maui has the power to fix anything. But he does something daring which caused Te fiti
the God of Creation to be angry and destroys beautiful islands like Moana's. Teka the Lava god
which is Te fiti's alternate personality uses her power to vanquish anything in her path. She is mostly
upset at Maui for using his powers and being selfish. He loses his magic staff and become useless.
As the story moves on, Moana was chosen by the sea gods as a little girl to save her home and land.
Even though she needed every bit of help from Maui and others, but she accomplished them with
little to no power at all. She did trust her instincts and believing in herself even when things weren't
going right. The gods are shown in the

ANT 101 Week 5 Final Paper
Running head: HEALTH CARE 1
Health Care and Religion: A Comparison of Haiti and Tonga 's Practices
Jennifer Vest
Introduction to Cultural Anthropology ANT 101
Instructor: Lise Byars George
January 26, 2015
HEALTH CARE 2
Haiti and Tonga are on the other side of the world from each other, 7,480 miles from each other to
be exact. Both of these island countries have different ways of approaching medical care and unique
health care practices. Combining religious and supernatural rituals with medical care is the norm in
both cultures, though the differences being that Haitians will rely on their home remedies and only
seek medical care if health gets worse and the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Taboo is also considered a supernatural thing. Certain objects or people are considered to contain a
large amount of mana. Early Tongans served chiefs, which today are kings and nobles, that were and
are considered descendants of the God, Tu 'I Tonga with the mother being from earth. It is
considered a taboo to touch the chief/king because he is considered sacred (Crapo, 2013). People
from Tonga is historically known as excelling as surgeons and were educated in herbal plants and
medicines. In the past using herbs and surgery for what they deemed ordinary illnesses while for
spirit–caused illnesses using invocation and sacrifice (McGrath, 1999). The Wesleyan missions that
came in the
HEALTH CARE 4
1800 's struggled to get Tongans to attend their churches. They realized in order to motivate the
Tongans to attend church they needed to educate and share their medical knowledge and new
methods to the curious Tongans. Catholic churches in France also had set up medical facilities.
Using medicines and new forms of medical care brought the Tongan people to church. Through
medicine the missionaries found their opening to spreading their gospel. Due to the influence of
Christianity many Tongans do hold the belief of heaven and hell. The spiritual world and its beings
is believed to be able to send you to heaven or hell. Another important part of their health practices
are healers. Healers are considered vessels

Polynesians Problems
Today the Polynesians are facing a lot of trouble. One of the problems I have found spanning across
most, if not all, of the groups would be the environmental issues. Currently, especially in Tonga and
Samoa, there are quite a few problems with deforestation and the over hunting/fishing of animals.
As the population of the people in Samoa and Tonga grow they need to gather more food and
supplies to feed everyone. This leads to the need for more land and as a result the Polynesian people
must cut down more and more of the forest in order to gain more land for agriculture and living
needs. Likewise, as the population grows, there are more mouths to feed. This in turn leads to the
over hunting of animals or overfishing. These problems also lead to other such problems; to name a
few there are issues with soil erosion, acid rain, overgrazing, soil degradation, and many more.
These issues, if not addressed soon, could lead to even more issues involving both the indigenous
people of Samoa and Tonga and the environment. Eventually the soil may ... Show more content on
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With little to no access to advance medicine and medical facilities these areas face deadly health
issues. No vaccinations lead to dangerous and spreadable diseases such as measles and polio. Little
access to medical facilities leads to a high infant mortality rate. Lack of knowledge leads to the
greater spread of STDs as most of the people aren't aware of them. All of this and more is causing
great strain on the Polynesian people among Samoa. If the health issues aren't resolved it could very
easily lead to mass extinction should a particularly nasty spreadable disease crop up. As of now
Samoa itself is taking action. Currently they are working on improving the education of people
about their health and promoting the practice of taking care of oneself. They have made progress,
but cost issues are still a

How Does Conan Doyle Dehumanify Other Villains?
Although Conan Doyle brilliantly articulates the differences among various villains in the canon,
there is a common thread with quite a few of the antagonists: they are foreign. Foreign races, foreign
cultures, foreign religions. This may just be a coincidence, but it is very possible that Conan Doyle
subconsciously chose these characters in order to dehumanize them and make it easier for the
readers to hate the villains that he created. Three notable examples of this foreign phenomenon are
Tonga from The Sign of the Four, Beppo from The Six Napoleons, and Enoch Drebber and Joseph
Stangerson from A Study in Scarlet. Tonga and Beppo are described as physically abnormal and
mentally inferior. Enoch Drebber and Joseph Stangerson are not racially foreign, but they are
members of an unfamiliar religion that becomes even more outlandish to the reader through Conan
Doyle's negative description of the Mormon society. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Holmes describes Tonga as a Bushman of Africa who is "naturally hideous, having large, misshapen
heads, small, fierce eyes, and distorted features." While this may be an accurate description of the
aborigines of the Andaman Islands, Conan Doyle had no obligation to use this race for a character.
He probably chose this specifically because Tonga would be an easy villain for the reader to dislike.
There is no need for an author to justify why a character is bad if the inherent description of his race
is that "they are a fierce, morose, and intractable people." By providing an overarching description
of the Bushmen of Africa, Conan Doyle generalizes the race and Tonga loses his individuality as a

Health And Life Of Polynesia
Health and Life in Polynesia
Polynesia is geographically categorized as the triangular area between Easter Island, New Zealand
and Hawaii. Some of the main island groups that are included in within the triangle are Tonga, the
Cook Islands, Samoa, Niue, Tokelau, Tuvalu and French Polynesia. While these are islands are
separated geographically by the Pacific Ocean, culturally they are known to have many similarities
and can be considered united rather than divided by the ocean (Capstick, Norris, Sopoaga, & Tobata,
2009). When it comes to health challenges each of these islands are vulnerable to the same issues, as
a result they make a joint effort to tackle these issues. Over the years Polynesia has had an increase
of urbanization and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Polynesian natives have decided to abandon their traditional diet for a more appealing and
glamourous imported foods that are nutrient–poor and full of unhealthy fats and sugar.
A few health professionals argue that it is the lack of nutrition education that plays a main role in the
shift to such an unhealthy diet. However, Polynesian health care professionals have to disagree as
they mention that nutrition education is included in the school curriculum but it is the challenge of
converting education to behaviors. Children are being taught about how to ear properly and what are
healthy items they can choose to eat however, when they go to lunch junk food sold because the
schools know they will make a profit off the sales (World Health Organization, 2010). There are
very minimal regulations on food products in Polynesia. While people may be educated about
healthy items when it comes time to pick out foods they have another barrier as food labels vary in
language depending on where they are imported from. Majority of the Polynesian island
communities speak English or Maori. With the majority of the imported foods coming from
countries such as Malaysia, China and the Philippines, a mass amount of the food labels are not in
English or Maori making it difficult or almost impossible for people to read the nutrition content.
Regulations requiring food labels to be in English, the primary language in most Pacific Island

Literary Comparison Essay
A Literary Comparison The Victorian period can be described as one of imperial expansion abroad
and social upheaval at home. Evidently, millions left Britain's shores either as ambitious merchants,
ruthless warriors, or peaceful settlers consumed by desire to attain a safe haven. In this unique
assignment, our core focus revolves around the representation of different colonial territories and
their influences in Conan Doyle's The Sign of Four and Robert Louis Stevenson's The Beach of
Falesa. According to prominent social thinkers such as John Ruskin, British Victorian respectability
was plainly reflected in the amount of security that luxurious homes guaranteed. Ruskin asserted
that a home was not a commodity or a necessity but rather a ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
However, this exotic allure doesn't change the facts since India is portrayed as a land of poverty,
insecurity, chaos and financial opportunity. In other words, it is depicted as London's polar opposite.
Seeing that it is the Jewel in the Crown of English colonialism, this land's wealth was usurped by
various soldiers absorbed by insatiable greed. Evidently, our creative author experimented with this
prospect in our novel inadvertently revealing a pronounced tendency to overlook any wrong–doing
committed by British officials. As such, one can argue that he is enslaved by racial prejudices. In
fact, his nation's superiority was exposed through Sherlock Holmes's ability to efficiently subdue
Tonga. In contrast, Stevenson didn't hesitate in acknowledging his nation's atrocities. For instance,
we discover that Case who is one of Falesa's established British trader is rotten to the core for he
unabashedly sought the annihilation of his rivals. Indeed, for this selfish creature others are only a
means to an end. Evidently, he was capable of repulsing Wiltshire who identified him as a false
representation of the values or principles of home. However, our author is similar to Doyle in that he
recognizes that the colonizing empire's dominance as evidenced by the villainous Case, who
effortlessly keeps the islanders under his thumb by utilizing their belief in Tiapolo or the

The Negative Effects Of The Rising Sea Levels
Over time, the world's climate continues to warm due to sea ice melting in both Greenland and the
Antarctic. Many factors impact the climate change and therefore leading to the levels of the sea
rising this will certainly be the evidence for many negative effects on many aspects. Which includes
the weather pattern changes and further high–risk issues with weather events. The rising sea levels
will eventually destroy many regions of our world. In particular, the Pacific Islands. The beautiful
lands, where my roots lie. The beautiful lands where my ancestors originate.
Unfortunately for many local communities in Pacific Region's, enduring and adjusting to the strong
effects of the rising sea levels is a huge challenge and is vital for their survival. "Rising sea levels
are causing coastal erosion, water salination and food insecurity in Kiribati. The Pacific Islands have
been experiencing destructive cyclones, storm surges, coral bleaching, and irregular rainfall
patterns." This immense issue intimidates and frightens low–lying islands in the Pacific region
where the water contains salt enters the drinking water and therefore killing staple food crops and
also destroying homes. The People of the Pacific have to change the way they live to adapt the
changes in the climate. Kiribati, as one of the world's lowest–lying nations, is known to be the first
to face the impacts of Climate Change. Today the people of Kiribati faces hardship every day.
Having to move from their villages

Role Of Imperialism In Miami
"The white man has no kin; his kin is his money" is a famous Tongan proverb often used by the
Tongan people to explain that there are not many similarities between their culture and the western
civilization mores. Since Tongan is the only Polynesian country that was not colonized and retains
its monarchy, it is expected to observe different behaviors between our culture and their population.
One of the most interesting particularity of Tonga, which is very different from what we are used to,
is the way they celebrate their Independence Day. This paper will evaluate how the Independence
Day is celebrated in Tonga and who were the most important people that made this accomplishment
possible. I will argue that the lack of colonization in Tonga ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Tupou I was the king who united the country under one ruler, and gave the emancipation for the
people by declaring the first written Constitution of Tonga. He safeguarded the right of property for
Tongans, and also the freedom of religion; it is because of George Tupou I that Tonga were never
colonized by a foreign power. His efforts are celebrated through speeches, given by important
Tongan politicians and public figures, and songs, like lakalaka. Sālote Tupou III is also remembered
by Tongans during the Independence Day Festivals, because she represents the nationalism of this
population. Sālote was the first queen of Tonga; she ruled from 1918 to 1965. Her main
accomplishment was getting a closer relationship with UK, which later, in 1970, led to the entrance
of Tonga in the

Research Paper On Abel Tasman
Abel Janszoon Tasman (1603–1659) was a noted Dutch explorer, merchant, reliable navigator and
naval captain. He is credited with the exploration and charting of much of the Indian and South
Pacific Oceans, discovery of the Van Diemen Land Islands (later Tasmania), the circumnavigation of
Australia, mapping of the New Zealand coastline, and numerous Pacific Islands including Tonga and
Fiji. In addition, he is recognized as the first known European to visit many of these same locations.
In particular, Abel Tasman known for the period between 1632 and 1653, while he was in the
employ of the Dutch East India Company (VOC) during which time he served as both explorer and
trade emissary for the company. Tasman was born in 1603 in Lutjegast, Netherlands but later lived
in Batavia in the East Indies. He entered into the service of the Dutch East India Company in 1633
and between 1639 and 1642 he participating in the exploration of the North Pacific including
voyages around the Philippines, Taiwan, and Japan. By 1642 officials at the Dutch East India
Company directed to Tasman to became engaged in one of the great exploratory projects of the
period, namely the investigation and economic assessment of the southern Pacific continent of Terra
Australis, or Australia. As a result, from 1642 until 1644, Tasman's expedition ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Owing to his personal prosperity and declining status Tasman left the service of the Dutch East India
Company in 1653 to become a successful cargo merchant. Tasman would later die in Batavia on
October 10, 1659. Owing to his achievements and influence upon the history of the region, a
number of geographical locations have subsequently been named after him including the island of
Tasmania, the Tasman Sea, Tasman Glacier, Abel Tasman National Park, and Tasman Highway. In
addition, his likeness has appeared on several postage stamps issued in New Zealand and

Life In The Hadal Zone
Have you ever wondered what is at the very bottom of the ocean? Or if any sea life could withstand
a pressure so intense? In fact, there just might be life in depths of the deep sea.
Life in the Hadal Zone is quite intriguing. In the Hadal Zone, which at 11,000m is deeper than
Mount Everest is high, the pressure rises to about one ton per square centimeter. There is almost no
light at all, plants cannot grow, and there is very little food. Somehow, the ocean, and the sea life in
it, still has the ability to manage a diverse environment of fish. "There are more species of animals
in the deep sea than beetles in the rainforest," says Dr Copley, a deep–sea biologist from
Southampton National Oceanography Centre.
In the Census for

Brief Summary Of The Book 'The Gift' By Mauss
In the book 'The gift', Mauss demonstrates how in all societies, individuals should have the rights
and freedom to choose whether they want to give gifts, however, he notices that giving gifts are
compulsory in most societies. Mauss speaks about a study that explains how giving gifts is done as a
whole rather than between individuals. The gifts were not only materialistic such as possessions and
prosperity but through festivities and events such as rituals and dances. These type of gifts resemble
peace, respect, and honor. Mauss describes this as a 'system of total services' which indicates that the
gifts represented are beneficial to the whole society through reciprocation. In this book, Mauss
explains the diversity of gift giving in different tribes of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Also, another form of gift giving is the kula trade which is seen as a prestige and a honorable trade
held in reserve for the chiefs only in the tribe. When gifts are given to chiefs, it needs to be passed
on from chief to chief after a specific period of time. Mauss explains different types of terms for
different gift giving. One of the many terms he mentions, the term 'kudu' which means that a gift
must be given and must be reciprocated at an equal value. The three important rules that need to be
followed in a Potlatch is to give, to accept and receive, and to reciprocate. If any of the rules are
broken, a punishment comes along with it in a form of slavery. Mauss speaks as well about different
religions and cultures and about their gift giving. He explains in the law of Hindu that the gift given
to an individual is beneficial to their present life and in their next life. Through Mauss's
observations, he has realized that not everything is surrounded around the idea of business and
selling, it is more than that. It is about kindness, communal service, unity, cooperation and

Social Construction Of Childhood
Childhood, in the 21st century, has become the center of attention because of the highly influential
book "Centuries of Childhood" published in the year 1960. In the book, Aries (1960) argued that the
concept has been created by the modern history and further indicated that children were considered
as mini–adults before the 17th century. According to Dr. Montgomery (2013), the childhood in
1970s and 80s have enormously transformed in terms of their treatment and their lives. Moreover,
Dr. Montgomery revealed the contemporary and historical differences in the terms childhood. For
instance, children in the 21st century have fewer responsibilities and their lives are characterized by
school, play, consumption and family instead of paid labor, work, production and public life. This
implies that the standards of childhood differ on the basis of economic setting and traditions of the
societies. The purpose of this assignment is to describe the changes in childhood over the years,
while determining the role of difference in views and perspectives on childhood in creating different
expectations of the children.
Discussion
Childhood in History and Impact of Societies on Childhood ... Show more content on
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This does not mean that the children were despised, neglected or forsaken; but what was meant here
was that the concept of childhood is based on social construction. Social construction, in simpler
words, is a theoretical perspective of exploring the negotiation of reality in everyday life, which is
done through the interaction of the people and discourses (James & James, 2008). Moreover, James
and James (2008) further simplified the concept by indicating that social construction basically
relates to the idea that the change in reality is because of the interaction that people have with each
other and in different

Why Do Celebrities Deserve A Minimum Level Of Privacy
Currently, there is a noticeable interest of the media for the lives of celebrities, who include
politicians, sports people and TV and music stars. Although it is acceptable a larger exposure of their
lives in newspapers, magazines and TV shows than of an ordinary citizen, I believe that there are
some arguments that support the idea that these public personalities also deserve a minimum level of
privacy. The main reason is that it is very stressful and disturbing for any person, even for those
accustomed to the media, having her or his life completely dissected and exposed to general public.
Everyone has some issues that she or he prefers keeping restrict to some friends and relatives, so
revelations about these issues are potentially harmful.

Why Is Abel Tasman Important
When Abel Tasman set sail in 1642, nobody expected him to be the first to sight New Zealand,
Tonga, and the Fiji islands. Many places bear his name today in honor of his significant discoveries
where he opened doors for many future explorers. Abel Tasman was born on 1602 in the village of
Lutjegast in the Netherlands. Very little is known of his childhood. Tasman got married to his first
wife on 1631 named Claesgie Heyndrix and had his first daughter Claesjen. Unfortunately Claesgie
died and Tasman married his second wife, Jannetje Tjaerts soon after. On 1632, Tasman entered
service with the Dutch East India Company and received a promotion to the rank of first mate of the
company's ship Weesp. On that occasion, he got chosen to command the

British Colonialism In Sign Of Four By Sir Arthur Conan Doyle
The latter half of the nineteenth century brought about the introduction of detective fiction into
popular culture, the stronghold of British colonialism in India, and the characterization of one of the
most celebrated detectives in literature, Sherlock Holmes. While the British East India Company
occupied Indian territories far before the Crown in the seventeenth century, the extent to which
brutal and divisive colonial practices took place, increased substantially after the British government
annexed the Indian subcontinent. The British government officially expanded the Empire into India
after the Mutiny of 1857, which was purposefully misconstrued as an open invitation for the British
to unsheath the white man's burden into action. Sir Arthur Conan Doyle's Sign of Four is written
within the context of this particular rebellion and its aftermath. The novel becomes mirror for the
functions of aristocratic and Victorian society at large, and their perspective of the exoticity of the
East as a commodity to be kept as a trophy, shattered whenever deemed fit, but never as anything
more. Similar to many other authors during the late nineteenth century, Doyle seems to allot a
whimsical and exotic quality to India and its people. India is characterized as a land of allure and
extravagance when describing the souvenirs that various characters in the novel encounter or
possess in their homes. The fact that these mainly aristocratic households have such artifacts in their

What Are Marginalization Of Marginalisation?
Marginalisation is the relegation of a group of people to the fringes of the society. It refers to as
process whereby individuals or entire communities are systematically deprived of rights, and
opportunities. These rights are usually social, economic and political. The resulting alienation is
often connected to a person's social class. The outcome of marginalisation is that is that the affected
individuals or communities are prevented from participating fully in the economic social and
political life of the communities they belong to. MacDougal (2009) marginalised communities are
usually marginalised due to developmental practices, policies and programmes which meet the
needs of the ruling class and not their needs.
The above definition and characterisation of marginalization of marginalisation tallies with
experience of these ethnic minorities. As it is the usual trend with ethnic minorities across the world
and Zimbabwe's own have been largely marginalised in all spheres of life. Both the colonial and
post–colonial government mostly during the first two ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Historically they lived on both sides of the Zambezi River. Unlike other pre–colonial states the
Tonga were a matrilineal society and had a decentralised system of government. Tremel (2004) they
lived in fair isolation even during the colonial period. The Tonga chose to live a very traditional way
of life. They had a great attachment with the Zambezi River. It was their source of livelihood. They
practised stream bank agriculture, livestock rearing, hunting and fishing .The river was also of
spiritual and religious value to them as it was home to their river god the Nyaminyami. Since they
were not integrated into the colonial administration the Tonga traditional system to a larger extent
remained intact. This showed they were greatly attached to their traditional

The Immigration and Job Loss Debate Essays
The Immigration and Job Loss Debate A debate that always seems to raise its ugly head when the
issue of "foreign labor" is discussed concerns the types of jobs that immigrants take and whether
they are actually taking these jobs away from American workers. I look at it as jobs they are "left
with", not ones they are taking. The debate always shows an American family that has been
displaced or lost their livelihood because they can no longer compete with cheaper labor. In reality
the jobs that the immigrants get are the most undesirable, strenuous and dangerous ones. The only
American workers that they compete with are the unskilled ones. I intend to explore if immigrants
"taking" American jobs, if they are only taking the jobs that ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
We see immigrants in the restaurant industry, not as chefs but as dishwashers and busboys. We see
them in the agriculture sector as migrant workers doing literally backbreaking work of weeding and
picking our fruits and vegetables so we can purchase them at low prices. We use immigrants as
gardeners and groundskeepers and expect them to work outside, in Phoenix, in 100 plus degrees. I
don't think any of "us" could tolerate the conditions that they work under. They clean our schools,
our offices and our stores. They get security jobs on the shifts that American workers don't want,
night watchmen. They take the construction jobs from companies that avoid paying union wages.
These opportunities are presented by American companies that are only interested in their bottom
line. The desire to hire immigrant workers, documented or undocumented, is out of the greed of
profit–driven corporate America. The fact that Immigrant laborers are desperate for work is
exploited by the very companies that promote lower prices for consumers, American consumers. An
irony of sorts. We pay lower wages so we can have lower prices at the expense of the employment
of others who were making more money doing the same job. Since these American workers are now
being paid the lower wage or none at all, it helps that the prices for these items and services are
lower. Otherwise how else could they afford them? We see certain barriers that prevent immigrant
workers from competing

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