Sustainabilty

1. Black Gold vs Green Gold

2. For thousands of
years,
CANDLES
Served as the only
illumination during the
night.

3. 
But in the Mid 1800’s, the method
to make kerosene
sparked the advent
of oil.

4. 
100 years later, Petroleum would be named as
“BLACK GOLD”

5. 
Fast forward hundreds of year later,
we’d be here.
The United Arab
Emirates

6. 
UAE has the 7th largest
oil reserve in the world.

7. 
77% of UAE’s economy runs on
oil-related activities.

8. 
UAE exports oil with:

9. How does UAEget its oil?

10. 
Geologists use seismic surveys to search for geological
structures that may form oil reservoirs.
 The "classic" method includes making an underground explosion
nearby and observing the seismic response that provides
information about the geological structures under the ground
 However, "passive" methods that extract information from
naturally-occurring seismic waves are also known
Locating the oil field

11. 
 The oil well is created by drilling a long hole into the earth
with an oil rig.
 A steel pipe (casing) is placed in the hole, to provide
structural integrity to the newly drilled well bore.
 Holes are then made in the base of the well to enable oil to
pass into the bore.
 Finally a collection of valves called a "Christmas Tree" is
fitted to the top, the valves regulate pressures and control
flow.
Drilling

12. 

13. 
 During the primary recovery stage, reservoir drive comes
from a number of natural mechanisms.
 These include: natural water displacing oil downward into the
well, expansion of the natural gas at the top of the reservoir,
expansion of gas initially dissolved in the crude oil, and
gravity drainage resulting from the movement of oil within
the reservoir from the upper to the lower parts where the
wells are located.
Oil extraction and
recovery

14.  Over the lifetime of the well the pressure will fall, and at some
point there will be insufficient underground pressure to force
the oil to the surface.
 After natural reservoir drive diminishes, secondary recovery
methods are applied. They rely on the supply of external
energy into the reservoir in the form of injecting fluids to
increase reservoir pressure, hence replacing or increasing the
natural reservoir drive with an artificial drive.
 Secondary recovery techniques increase the reservoir's
pressure by water injection, natural gas reinjection and gas lift,
which injects air, carbon dioxide or some other gas into the
bottom of an active well, reducing the overall density of fluid
in the wellbore.
Secondary recovery

15. 
 Enhanced, or Tertiary oil recovery methods increase
the mobility of the oil in order to increase extraction.
 Tertiary recovery allows another 5% to 15% of the
reservoir's oil to be recovered.
Enhanced recovery

16. 

17. 

18. 
 It is expected to last for 93 years.
UAE’s oil is certainly
amazing.

19. 
But what happens then?
After 93
years?

20. 
 the hypothetical point in time when the global
production of oil reaches its maximum rate, after
which production will gradually decline.
Peak Oil

21. 
Solar Power
Electricity
Hydropower
Geothermal
There are alternatives.

22. But there is a problem!

24. 
Biofuel or Green Gold
It is a safer, more greener alternative. It
produces oil from biological sources.
It can be a bacteria that digests biomass.
It can be corn or other plants. It can be
an algae.

25. 
 Trucks collect waste from around— from public
toilets, homes, hotels and businesses.
 Half is unloaded into holding tanks at Sunesson’s
site, the rest is dumped into the ocean at Lavender
Hill. Sunesson’s containers act as sieves, separating
the solid garbage that people flush down toilets from
the liquid waste.
Biofuel Production

26. 
 The liquid waste is sent through a pump containing
five litres of polymer for every 9,995 litres of water.
The polymer “dewaters” the waste. Like a magnet, it
separates the feces from the fluid.
Biofuel Production

27. 
 The filtered water is recycled back into the ocean,
although potential partners are now testing it for fish
farming and drinking water conversion.
 The sludge is composted in drying beds and used as
fertilizer on crops. Or it is put into an industrial oven
and dried almost completely. “It’s like slow-cooking
a chicken,” says Sunesson.
 The waste breaks into small pellets, which emit less
carbon when burned as biofuel.
Biofuel Production

28. 
 Gasification is a process that converts organic or fossil fuel based
carbonaceous materials into carbon monoxide, hydrogen and
carbon dioxide. This is achieved by reacting the material at high
temperatures (>700 °C), without combustion, with a controlled
amount of oxygenand/or steam.
 The resulting gas mixture is called syngas (from synthesis gas or
synthetic gas) or producer gas and is itself a fuel. The power
derived from gasification and combustion of the resultant gas is
considered to be a source of renewable energy if the gasified
compounds were obtained from biomass
 Syngas, or synthesis gas, is a fuel gas mixture consisting primarily
of hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and very often some carbon
dioxide.
Biofuel Production

29. 