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1. CULTURE
Module 8

2. DESIGNS

3. CULTURE
Meaning,Origin,Elements,Characteristics, and Function of Culture
Cultural Concepts and Variations
Filipino Culture and Values

4. CULTURE
• The beginning of human civilization is a proper reference point in treating the interesting
subject of culture. A human being adaptation to his/her society, his/her conformity to the
culture of his/her time, and his/her education have worked alongside each other in putting
him/her present status as the strongest and the most intelligent creature in the world.
• CULTURE is one indelible mark of human existence that shows how far a human being has
gone in the course of time and how much he/she has learned. Hence, Culture is a bountiful
and an ever time timely topic to ponder upon and talk about.
• The growth of culture anywhere at any given time is the result of an individual’s reaction to
the several stimuli that motivate his/her way of thinking and challenge his/her mode of
living. Without him/her, culture will be at a standstill.

5. LESSON 1: Meaning, Origin, Elements,
Characteristics and Function of Culture.
• The word CULTURE is derived from the Latin word CULTURA or CULTUS which means care or Cultivation.
• CULTURE is analogous to caring for an infant. Because an infant has prolonged dependency, he/she has to be
taken care of by the people around him/her.
• CULTURE has been defined as “ all modes of thought, behavior and production that are handed down
from one generation to the next by means of communicative interaction rather than by genetic
transmission.”
• CULTURE as cultivation implies that every human being is a potential member of his/her own social group.
• EDWARD B. TAYLOR, an ENGLISHAMAN, developed one of the classic definitions of culture. He said “ CULTURE is that
complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, law, art, moral, custom and other capabilities and habits
acquired by man as a member of Society.”

6. LESSON 1
• CULTURE define as the way of life followed by a people, and everything learned
and shared by people in society.
• Other anthropologists have defined culture based on the premise that all learned
behaviors are, in the final analysis, a product of how people think about things-their
cognition.
• CULTURE described as simply the way of life of a particular people living in one
place.
• CULTUREis the total way of life shared by members of society, which includes
language, values and symbolic meanings as well as technology and material objects.

7. LESSON 1
• According to Landis, culture is a complex set of learned and shared beliefs,
customs, skills, habits, traditions, and knowledge common to members of society.
• Broom and Selznick had a similar view stating that culture is something that is
shared in terms of thinking, believing, perceiving and evaluating. It is in the realm
of ideals and ideas, values and symbols.
• Based on these definitions by noted sociologists and anthropologists, it can be said
that culture is the sum total of human creation which is handed down from
generation to generation.

8. Origin of Culture
• Anthropologists believe that culture is a product of human evolution. Humans
devised a common way of classifying and transmitting them symbolically. Since
these experiences were learned and transmitted, they developed distinctly,
independent from biological evolution.
• Human physiology and neurology developed together with the first cultural
activities; thus, sociologists concluded that instincts were culturally formed.
• Being dynamic, culture can be taught and learned, making it a potentially rapid form
of adaptation to changes in the human environment. Anthropologists view culture
not only as a product of human evolution but also as a supplement to it; it can be
regarded as the means of human adaptation to the world.

9. Elements of Culture
• Material Culture & Non Material Culture
• Material Culture includes the physical objects a society produces, things people
create and use. These are tools, pieces of furniture, clothing, automobile, and
computer systems, to name a few. Awareness of the kinds of objects created and
how people use them brings about greater understanding of the culture of a society.
• Non Material Cultural it consists of elements termed norms, values, beliefs and
language shared by the members of a society. Non Material culture is considered as
the carriers of culture.

10. Elements of Culture
• Language the most defining characteristics of the human being is the ability to develop and
use highly complex systems of symbols like language.
• Symbol: A sign that represents one or more meanings. Signs and meanings are linked by
social convention. Examples: language, gestures, and art.
• Values: Socially created ideas about what is desirable and worthwhile in life, which may
guide people’s goals, choices, and judgments.
• Norms: Standards or codes of behavior, including expectations and obligations, that are
specific to particular social settings. Examples: manners, customs, and laws. Fulfilling or
violating norms often results iSubculture: A system of norms, material artifacts, and other
cultural elements shared by a minority of people within a society that distinguishes the
minority from the rest. Subcultures are often seen as dominated by their parent cultures.

11. • Cultural capital: Cultural elements such as knowledge or taste used as a form of wealth, often to distinguish
oneself from others and gain access to elite circles and opportunities. Seen as a means by which inequalities
are maintained alongside formally equal opportunity.
• Cultural universals: Elements common to all cultures or societies, though they may take different forms in
different societies. Examples: funeral rites, cooperative work.
• Cultural relativism: The position that there are no universal cultural values or ideas. A culture can only be
understood on its own terms, not from the perspectives of other cultures.
• Ethnocentrism: A tendency to judge all cultures in terms of one’s own; a belief that one’s own culture is
morally, intellectually, and/or aesthetically superior to all others.
• Ideology: A system of ideas and values that justifies a particular political or social program. Conflict theory
definition: A system of ideas and values that justifies one group’s subordination of another by presenting a
distorted view of reality that conceals power imbalances and reflects only the experiences of the powerful.