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Water
resources:
surface and
subsurface
AE 315
A.Y. 2013-2014
July 04, 2013
Introduction to water
resources
 Water is spread on two third of the earth
but most of the water is not useful for
direct human consumption
Ice poles and glaciers =
2.14 %
Ocean and seas = 97.24 %
Freshwater = 0.62 %
1.5 % of the total freshwater
comes from………..
SURFACE WATER
Giving us and idea that
most of the freshwater came
from……….
GROUNDWATER
In which, to much dependence
in groundwater resources leads
to…
Land subsidence
 Gradual settling or sudden sinking of the
Earth's surface owing to subsurface
movement of earth materials (U.S.
Geological Survey)
Water resources are
replenished by precipitation
in various forms like rain,
snow, hail, dew etc. Rainfall is
the main source and forms
the major constituent of the
hydrological cycle.
Water gets evaporated from
the various exposed bodies
of water depending upon the
climatic factors like
temperature, R.H. and the
wind speed.
RH or the relative
humidity is the ratio of
the amount of water
vapor present in the air
to the maximum amount
of vapor that air can hold
at that given
temperature.
Lesser the RH of the air,
higher the rate of
evaporation as there is
more deficits to be met
with
An example is that a
dew is formed at night
when the temperature of
the air falls down, and at
that reduced
temperature, the extra
moisture (more than its
capacity at that
temperature comes out
and is condensed in the
form of dew).
Another is that trees
extract the subsoil water
and during their
breathing process, they
exhale water vapors into
the atmosphere. This
process is known as
transpiration and the
combined process of
evaporation and
transpiration is known as
‘evapotranspiration’.
QUESTIONS?
CASE STUDY NO.
4

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Water resources

  • 2. Introduction to water resources  Water is spread on two third of the earth but most of the water is not useful for direct human consumption
  • 3. Ice poles and glaciers = 2.14 %
  • 4. Ocean and seas = 97.24 %
  • 6. 1.5 % of the total freshwater comes from……….. SURFACE WATER
  • 7. Giving us and idea that most of the freshwater came from………. GROUNDWATER
  • 8. In which, to much dependence in groundwater resources leads to…
  • 9. Land subsidence  Gradual settling or sudden sinking of the Earth's surface owing to subsurface movement of earth materials (U.S. Geological Survey)
  • 10.
  • 11. Water resources are replenished by precipitation in various forms like rain, snow, hail, dew etc. Rainfall is the main source and forms the major constituent of the hydrological cycle. Water gets evaporated from the various exposed bodies of water depending upon the climatic factors like temperature, R.H. and the wind speed.
  • 12. RH or the relative humidity is the ratio of the amount of water vapor present in the air to the maximum amount of vapor that air can hold at that given temperature. Lesser the RH of the air, higher the rate of evaporation as there is more deficits to be met with
  • 13. An example is that a dew is formed at night when the temperature of the air falls down, and at that reduced temperature, the extra moisture (more than its capacity at that temperature comes out and is condensed in the form of dew).
  • 14. Another is that trees extract the subsoil water and during their breathing process, they exhale water vapors into the atmosphere. This process is known as transpiration and the combined process of evaporation and transpiration is known as ‘evapotranspiration’.