5. Study
• Vacation doesn’t start until after exams
• 20 to 30 minutes a night
• Past Exams with helpful hints
• Important Diagrams to Pass Earth Science
Regents
8. When the sun is highest in the sky,
your shadow is shortest (noon/June
21st)
9. Solar Eclipse occurs when moon blocks
out the sun as seen from Earth (New
moon phase)
10. Water has a high Specific Heat
• Which means it takes a long time and energy
to increase temperature, but it also takes a
long time to cool down
11. Water’s Specific Heat is the reason
why……
• Marine Climate (AREAS BY LARGE BODIES OF
WATER)
– Are cooler in the summer and warmer in the
winter
• Small temperature range
12. Lunar Eclipse
• May happen during the full moon phase when
the Earth casts a shadow on the moon
13. Be Prepared, Don’t let the Earth
Science Exam be a “Heart Breaker”!
• Use the reference Tables : again and again and
again and again……… (for ex. Rock Cycle)
14. High Pressure Systems
• Spin Clockwise and out from center/ sinking
air
• Clear, cool weather
• No rain or precipitation
15. Dirt is a dirty word!!
• Soil takes a long time to develop, however soil
is created quicker in warm humid climates
Soil is made of
organic materials
(humus) and pieces
of weathered rock
17. Low Pressure Systems
• Spin Counterclockwise and in towards center
• Storms/Bad weather rain / Rising Air
mT
18. The Closer air temp. is to dewpoint.
Temp. the greater the chance for rain
• High humidity as well
76
Convert air pressure less
than 500 add a 10 in
front more than 500 add
a 9 in front, and last
number is made a
19. Angle of Insolation & Seasons
NYS longest duration
of Insolation on June
21st (summer Solstice)
Shortest Dec 21st
(winter solstice)
12 hrs. of day & night
on March 21st & Sept
21st (equinox)
21. Metamorphism (heat and/or pressure)
As Heat & pressure are increased the rock will change
Shale Slate Phyllite
Schist
changes to changes changes
changes to
Slate to Phyllite to Schist
Gneiss
If life gives you schist, make gneiss of it!
25. Convection Currents in the Upper
Mantle cause Plate Movement
Redlines – new crust Yellow lines – older crust
Midocean
Ridge
26. Contour Lines
Highest Possible Elevation of x = 69
When close together contour lines
indicates a steep slope
When far apart, contour lines
indicate a gentle slope
The of profile hills are rounded off,
but do not touch the next contour line
27. Water Expands When it Freezes
Responsible for a lot of weathering in cold moist
climate like NYS (potholes)
28. Planetary Winds Belts
Winds do not
move straight
because of the
Coriolis Effect
NYS is affected
Dry by the South
Low Pressure
West winds.
That’s why our
Wet
weather
usually moves
in that
direction.
29. Horizontal Sorting – larger particles get
deposited first, then smaller ones
when a stream meets a lake or ocean
30. Ocean Tides
Spring
Tides (really
high and
low tides)
Neap Tides
(not so
high and
low tides)
31. Internal Arrangement of a mineral’s
atoms are responsible for hardness,
cleavage and streak.
32. The altitude of Polaris above the
horizon equals degrees North latitude!
33. Groundwater
Zone of Aeration –
pore spaces between
particles are filled w/
air
Zone of Saturation –
pore spaces are filled Water Table
with water
Capillarity-
when water
goes up (small
particles)l
38. Summer Solstice June 21st- N.
Hemisphere Tilted Towards Sun
Direct Rays @
23.5 N – Tropic
of Cancer
39. Sun’s Path Across the Sky
Summer
Path
Fall / Spring
Path
Winter Path
40. Older Rock Layers are at the Bottom
Sequence of
Rock Layers – Igneous Intrusion
C, B, A, D would scorch A
sandstone into
D- igneous quartzite
intrusion
happened last B shale into slate
since it goes
through all Limestone into marble
layers
41. Seasons
Spring March 21st
Summer June 21st
Winter Dec 21st
Fall Sept 21st
42. Equinox –March 21st & Sept. 21st
Direct Rays
fall on the
equator
twice a
year.
Everywhere
on Earth
gets 12 hr.
of day &
night.
43. Precambrain Time is as old school as
Rob Base
88% of Earth’s 4.6 Billion year
Existance
Precambrian Time
Humans on Earth
44. Incoming Insolation
Infrared
in the form short- radiation –
wave Ultraviolet long waves and
radiation (strong & weaker
gets through)
45. Seasons are opposite in Southern
Hemisphere
Winter in S.
Hemisphere
Summer in S.
Hemisphere
46. Weather Instruments
Psychrometer - humidity
Barometer – Air
Pressure
Thermometer - temperature
Anemometer – wind
speed
64. Hey Look, at one time places like NYS
were close to equator
• That’s why we have limestone & coral fossils in
NYS
• PA has coal
65. Clouds form by rising air cooling &
condensing
• Dewpoint Temp.
is reached
66. Listen up!!
Don’t be worthless and weak!!!
You need to
be
prepared!
Knowing about
rocks is cool!
Especially cobble!
67. Hey, I didn’t write the exam.
• Actually I don’t like the exam, but “WE HAVE
TO DEAL WITH IT”
• So these test taking tips will help
68. Exam Format
• Part A and B1– Multiple Choice
– Demonstrate understanding of scientific concepts
and principles
• Part B2 – Constructed Response
– Student provides the answer to the question
• Part C – Extended Constructed Response
– Similar to Part B2 but requires more student time
and effort
69. Tips for Multiple Choice Questions
• Read the question and try to answer before
looking at the choices
70. Tips for Multiple Choice Questions
• Read the question and try to answer before
looking at the choices
71. Tips for Multiple Choice Questions
• Ask yourself if the ESRTs can be used
• Make sure you know what is in the ESRTs
72. Tips for Multiple Choice Questions
Dry Bulb: 2 C
Wet Bulb: -1 C
Difference: 3
Answer: 51%
73. Tips for Multiple Choice Questions
• Ask your yourself if the ESRTs can be used
• Make sure you know what is in the ESRTs
75. Tips for Multiple Choice Questions
• Just because a choice may have some truth, it
does not mean that it answers the question
76. Tips for Multiple Choice Questions
Also…
• Read all choices before answering a
question
• Skip over hard questions for later
• Information in one part of the test may be
helpful in other parts
• Do not leave any answers blank -- if all else
fails, guess
77. Constructed Response Questions
• Contains multiple parts and/or steps
• Requires you to develop your own response
• Included on the exam to:
– assess your understanding rather than your
memorization
– demonstrate your ability to solve problems and
integrate data
– display your knowledge of skills such as graphing,
calculating, and drawing isolines and profiles
78. Tips for Constructed Response Questions
• Know what will be expected of you
• Always include units in your answers
• Use your answer sheet for clues on how to
answer questions
85. Earth Science Reference Tables
• Provided for all students to use during the
written exam
• Be familiar with the ESRTs prior to exam
• Some questions require the use of the
ESRTs, while for other questions, the
ESRTs may be helpful
• Not all questions will prompt you to use the
ESRTs
90. Take Your Time On Exam
• You have three hours, use it
• Do not rush just to join your friends for lunch
etc…
• Use reference tables over and over!!!!!!!!!!!
91. Have a Positive Attitude
• Be calm, not all hyped up right before exam
• Don’t get lazy, use reference tables to look up
answers
92. Use Test Taking Skills
• Eliminate dumb choices
• Do not leave blanks
• Read all directions
• Read all parts to each question
94. Feel Good!
• Bring a sweatshirt/hoody, it may be cold in
gym
• Eat lunch before exam
– It is difficult to concentrate when you are hungry
• Get a good nights sleep
– Do not play video games etc… until 3am
