The Importance of the Cardiovascular System in Transporting Nutrients, Gases and Wastes

The Cardiovascular System Of Heart Rate
The cardiovascular system is the body's way of circulating blood and the essential biomolecules that make living possible. Blood is pumped
throughout the body by the heart, the heart receives oxygenated blood from the lungs via the pulmonary vein and distributes it using the various
arteries and capillaries (Farley et al.). A main constituent for the cardiovascular system and a heavily relied upon factor for measuring the heart's work is
heart rate. Heart rate is a numerical value that quantifies the number of times the heart contracts which means opening and closing the valves that are
responsible for the blood movement (Mariaconsuelo et al.). Contractions in terms of heart rate are referred to as "beats" thus the numerical value is
beats per minute (BPM). Heart rate can be affected by numerous factors such as physical stress, chemicals introduced into the bloodstream through the
environment, as well as naturally produced chemical compounds produced by the body in response to a need. To determine what exactly happens
inside the body when these numerous factors come into play we set up various experiments that will give us a measurable outcome. The first
experimental variable we tested in lab was physical stress and how it changes the heart rate in humans. The way heart rate is measured is via an
instrument called an electrocardiogram (EKG) which is a machine that measures the electrical differences that correspond to heart beats. An EKG
displays its results with
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The Importance Of The Cardiovascular System
The human body is composed of several systems each have different functions but they are very important. One such system is the cardiovascular or
circulatory system, this system together with its organs are specialized in transporting food and respiratory gases throughout the body as well to
facilitate blood circulation in the body. The main function of the cardiovascular system is to distribute nutrients throughout the body and gases like
oxygen and carbon dioxide, as well as transporting hormones and cells. It also collects and removes wastes from cellular metabolism and takes them to
the excretory system. The cardiovascular system consists of the heart, the blood vessels are three kinds of blood vessels: arteries, veins and capillaries.
The heart is the most important organ of the cardiovascular system, it is the most vital organ in the human body, and its function is to circulate the
blood acting as a pump.
The arteries are blood vessels that leave the heart and carry the blood to the different organs of the body.
The veins are larger microscopic blood vessels than the arteries that run superficially to the skin.
The capillaries are thin vessels that divide the arteries and that penetrate all the organs of the body when joining again form the veins.
In the cardiovascular system we can present several diseases two of them are hypertension and a heart attack these can even cause death.
Firstly, hypertension or high blood pressure is caused by a narrowing of very small

The Cardiovascular System
The cardiovascular system is a network of inter–connected arteries, capillaries and veins that spread across the whole body. The first major function of
the system is to transport oxygenated and de–oxygenated blood throughout the body, the former to tissues and organs and the latter to the respiratory
organs. The second is to deliver nutrients that are needed by different cells and tissues, and remove waste products and harmful chemicals generated or
present in cells and tissues. (1) Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the major contributors to mortality globally, taking up half of the 36 million
annual deaths from non–communicable disease. (2) Actions can be taken to avoid the many deaths from CVD, in particular the improved address to
CVD risk factors and access to medical care. (3) The aim of the study was to gain an understanding in the cardiovascular responses – in terms of
changes in heart rate and blood pressure – produced under different types of stress in the form of a change from supine to erect posture, a cold pressor
test, and an isometric handgrip exercise. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
(4, 5) Therefore, when a healthy supine adult stands up, blood pressure in the body parts above the heart decreases and below the heart increases, due
to venous pooling in the lower limbs. (5) Overall, the mean blood pressure of the whole body decreases initially upon standing, then increases, so to
restore to the normal level. (6,

Digestive, Cardiovascular And Respiratory System
Digestive, Cardiovascular and respiratory systems.
By Richard Patassy MYP3
Digestive systems.
The digestive system is a group of organs working together to convert food into energy and basic nutrients to feed the whole body. To achieve the goal
of providing energy and nutrients to the body, six processes take place in the digestive system. ingestion secretion mixing and movement digestion
absorption excretion There are 3 types of digestion:
Normal digestion – Breakdown of Carbohydrates, Proteins and Lipids to small solid substances that can be absorbed in the blood.
Mechanical digestion – physically breaking food down into smaller pieces.(teeth)
Chemical digestion – Breaking down food into simple substances using enzymes.
Cardiovascular systems.
The cardiovascular system consists of the heart, blood vessels and 5 liters of blood that the blood vessels transport. The cardiovascular system is
transporting oxygen, nutrients, hormones and cellular waste products through the body. The cardiovascular system is powered by the hardest working
organ the heart.
Circulatory Loops
Pulmonary circulation transports deoxygenated blood from the right side of the heart to the lungs where the blood picks up oxygen and returns ... Show
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The respiratory and cardiovascular systems work together to perform the gas exchange function. Without gas exchange function, the cells would die,
hence, it is needed for these systems to work together. Through respiratory system, the oxygen enters the body and then it is transported as
oxyhaemoglobin to the cells with the help of cardiovascular system. The cardiovascular system also performs the work to transport the waste product
carbon dioxide to respiratory system, that evacuates it. Hence, without respiratory system, the oxygen could not enter the body and it could not

discharge the carbon dioxide waste. Without cardiovascular system, the oxygen and carbon dioxide could not travel the

How To Write An Essay On The Cardiovascular System
Cardiovascular System
April 18th, 2016 Cade.S & Matthew.B
Have you ever wondered how the heart transports blood to the whole body? Did you know that the circulatory system can also be called the
cardiovascular or vascular system? This is the most important system of the 11 major organ systems because this system controls the heart and the veins
throughout the body. There are also at least 5 major functions of thecardiovascular system.
Some of the major functions of the cardiovascular system are transporting hormones and fighting off diseases. Other functions include transporting the
nutrients and removing the waste from the body. The cardiovascular system can also regulate your body temperature. Some of these functions are not
as important as transporting oxygen to the heart and removing the carbon dioxide from the heart.
One of the major organs that is in the human body is the heart. The heart ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
One significant disease is the coronary artery disease. The coronary artery disease, also known as CDA, is the most common of the heart diseases.
CDA is the leading cause of death in the U.S. in both men and women. CDA is known to cause the heart muscle to become narrow and hardened.
These symptoms could lead to chest pain (angina) or a heart attack. Over time, this could lead up to the heart weakening and can cause heart failure
arrhythmias.
Another disease that interacts with the cardiovascular system is rheumatic heart disease which can also be called RHD. This disease is the most
acquired heart disease for people under 15 years of age in many countries around the world, especially in developing countries. RHD is a chronic heart
condition caused by a rheumatic fever that can be controlled and prevented. Rheumatic fever is caused by a preceding group A streptococcal (strep)
infection. Acute rheumatic fever primarily affects the heart, joints and central nervous

The Cardiovascular System: The Most Important System In...
The Cardiovascular System is one of the most important systems in the body. It's the delivery system for the circulation of blood. And it consists of
[heart, which is an anatomical pump of blood] and blood vessel (arteries, veins, and capillaries) which allow blood to flow efficiently and quickly from
the heart to the body and back again to the heart. Also, Capillaries carry blood to tissue cells and also are the exchange sites of nutrients, wastes, gases,
etc. The size of blood vessels depend on the amount of blood that passes through it.
The normal blood volume in the body is 5 liters , as a liquid connective tissue. And it is made up of (red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and
liquid plasma). And it helps to maintain the homeostasis of nutrients, wastes, and gases. The normal heart rate is approximately 72 beats/minute....
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Information from CTA may prevent a stroke or a heart attack.
CT coronary angiogram which is imaging the vessels that supply heart with blood is now widely used instead of invasive coronary angiography to
diagnose coronary heart disease because it seems to be more efficient 1.For high–risk population, the use of high definition CT coronary angiography
and an experienced readers result in better diagnosis compared to traditional coronary angiography2
Radiation is used in both traditional and CT angiogram but CT angiogram is noninvasive thus no recovery time is required and takes less than 20
minutes to complete the entire procedure. on the other hand, traditional angiogram is an invasive examination since a catheter is used and the wound
site is likely to be tender for up to a week3 but is a better choice for patients with a previously known coronary artery disease because they can receive
treatment during the same procedure

The Cardiovascular and Muscular Systems
Viviana Colon
Professor Jill McMillin
G150/PHA1500 Section 08 Structure and Function of the Human Body
May 30, 2010
The Cardiovascular and Muscular Systems
Organ system is a group of organs that work together to perform a certain task. Humans have a variety of systems due to the complexity of the species'
organism. The human body consists of biological systems, that consist of organs, that consist of tissues, that consist of cells and connective tissue.
Although an organ has a specific function, organs also function as part of a group. The organ system is the organizational unit by which medicine is
studied, diseases are generally categorized, and treatments are planned. Homeostasis is self–regulation of a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Two types of fluids move through the circulatory system: blood and lymph. The blood,heart, and blood vessels form the cardiovascular system. The
lymph, lymph nodes, and lymph vessels form the lymphatic system. The cardiovascular system and the lymphatic system collectively make up the
circulatory system. The human body contains more than 650 individual muscles which are attached to the
skeleton, which provides the pulling power for us to move around. The main job of the muscular
system is to provide movement for the body. The muscular system consist of three different
types of muscle tissues : skeletal, cardiac, smooth. Each of these different tissues has the ability
to contract, which then allows body movements and functions? There are two types of muscles in
the system and they are the involuntary muscles, and the voluntary muscles. The muscle in
which we are allow to control by ourselves are called the voluntary muscles and the ones we

can control are the involuntary muscles. The heart, or the cardiac muscle, is an example of
involuntary muscle.
CARDIAC MUSCLE:
The cardiac muscles are the muscle of the heart itself. The cardiac muscle is the tissue that makes up the wall of the heart called the myocardium. Also
like the skeletal muscles, the cardiac muscle is striated and contracts through the sliding filament method. However it is different from other types of
muscles because it forms branching fibers. Unlike

The Cardiovascular System Responses During Submaximal...
INTRODUCTION
Information on cardiovascular differences between the sexes is necessary for allied health professionals to best adapt rehabilitation exercises for the
patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The cardiovascular system has to adjust in response to metabolic demands of working muscles during
exercise. Gender–related differences on how the body meets the increased demands while still maintaining homeostatic arterial blood pressure has been
widely researched (CITE). There is some support that vaso–regulation differences are due to female sex hormones (estrogen, in particular estradiol),
and less sympathetic nervous system influence when compared to males (CITE). Additionally, body composition (higher muscle mass in males) and
substrate utilisation (more lipid substrate utilisation in females) have been found to have significant effects on the cardiovascular system responses
during submaximal exercise (CITE). Upper body exercise has been found to create more stress on the cardiovascular system compared to lower body
exercise (CITE). The primary causes of death in the Australian population are directly or indirectly related to cardiovascular diseases (CVD) (CITE).
Although, men are at greater risk for developing CVD, women have been found to have a higher morbidity rate post–surgery (CITE). Additionally, the
presentation of symptoms for female differs to that of their male counterparts (CITE). Thus, further investigation to better understand the differences

Cardiovascular System Lab Report
Introduction
Blood is one of the most vital components of the human body. The blood carries many functions such as to supply oxygen to the bodies tissues,
remove metabolic waste products, regulate our core temperature as well as fighting infection and foreign bodies (Glover, 1997). The cardiovascular
system is composed of the heart and its vessels. The heart is an involuntary muscle which receives blood to the atrias, which is then pumped via the
ventricles. The vessels are composed of three main types. Arteries, veins and capillaries; all which transport blood throughout the entirety of the body.
The constant action of both the vessels and heart ensure that the body receives a continuous supply of blood, keeping us within our homeostatic limits.
Regular electrical impulses are sent within the conduction system of the heart prompting contraction (Marieb, 2015). These electrical signals can be
identified and documented by the use of an electrocardiography (ECG) machine. In a familiar ECG recording, three waves will occur; The P wave,
QRS complex and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In the first part of the practical, we will dissect the heart of a sheep and observe its anatomical structure. We will also examine the structure of blood
vessels at a microscopic level. My hypothesis is that by examining the anatomy of the cardiovascular system, we will be able to detect differences in
both vessels and the chambers of the heart. In the second part of the practical we will examine the electrical activity of the heart. In doing so my aim
will be to produce a familiar ECG reading containing a P wave, QRS complex and T wave. Futhermore, we will take blood pressure readings by
listening to the korotkoff sounds of the heart using a sphygmomanometer and stethoscope. We hypothesis that the higher the arm position is from the
ground, the smaller the blood pressure reading will

Cardiovascular System Research Paper
Cardiovascular System is responsible for transporting oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and cellular waste products throughout the body. The
cardiovascular system is powered by the body's hardest working organ the heart, which is only about the size of a closed fist. Cardiovascular System
has three components and they are: Heart, Blood Vessel, and the Blood. The heart is a muscular organ, which controls the movement of the blood in the
cardiovascular system. The heart has two sides which are the pulmonary circulation which transports deoxygenated blood from the right side of the
heart to the lungs, where the blood picks up oxygen and returns to the left side of the heart. The other side of the heart is called the systemic circulation
which ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They are supposed to help protect, transport, and regulates. By protecting the body, we need the white blood cells to clean up cellular debris and
fight pathogen that have entered our body. The red blood cells and platelets form scabs to seal wounds and prevent pathogen from entering the body
and liquids from leaking out. The regulation to the function is that the blood vessels help maintain a stable body temperature by controlling the
blood flow to the surface of the skin. Just in case of hypothermia, the blood vessels constrict to keep blood flowing only to vital organs in the body's
core. Transportation is another function to the system, by transporting blood to almost all of the body's tissues. The blood delivers nutrients and
oxygen and removes waste and carbon dioxide to be processed or removed from the

Write An Essay On The Cardiovascular System
There is a cell in the body that looks like pull and peel, licorice covered in cling wrap. This cell is the cardiac muscle cells. The cardiac muscle cell
is in the heart, which is in the cardiovascular system. There are many malfunctions that could possibly happen. There are also lots of structures that
have their own function. The cardiac muscle cell is a very complex cell in the body. The cardiac cell is in the heart, which is in the cardiovascular
system. The cardiovascular system acts like a highway in your body. This system also includes blood vessels and blood. According to the textbook,
Human Biology and Health Prentice Hall Science Explorer it states, "The cardiovascular system also transports cells that attack disease causing
microorganisms" (79). This means that this system helps attack diseases that are in your body. It also eliminates waste products that are in the body.
The blood in this system will carry different substances that need to be transferred into the body. There are two kinds of blood in the cardiovascular
system which are oxygen–poor and oxygen–rich. This is the cardiovascular system. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Two common ones are a heart attack and heart valve disease. A heart attack is when there is damage to the heart or death of the heart. This might
happen because you smoke, have a high cholesterol, high blood pressure, or a lack of physical exercise. According to Sick some symptoms are
uncomfortable pressure, pain that spreads, and chest discomfort. Another malfunction is heart valve disease. The heart valve disease is when the
valves in the heart will not close fully which causes the blood not to flow normally. Some symptoms are chest pain, dizziness, low blood pressure,
shortness of breath, and abdominal pain. You might get the heart valve disease because you have damage from a heart attack, changes to the heart
valve structure, or weakness to the heart valves. These are two malfunctions in the

Cardiovascular System Analysis
The cardiovascular system is an organ system that allows blood to circulate and is in charge of transporting oxygen, as well as carbon dioxide,
hormones, nutrients, and cell waste items all over the body (Pironet, et al., 2016). This system helps to regulate body temperature, maintain
homeostasis, and fight diseases. The cardiovascular system is made up of the heart, blood vessels, blood and plasma of the blood, and cells. The
circulatory system is kept working by the heart. The heart is made, for the most part, out of cardiac muscle. Carrying nutrients, wastes, gases, and
chemical signals across the body are some of the functions of the heart. Four chambers comprise the heart, which are two atria and two ventricles
(Pironet, et. al.,

Cardiovascular System Essay
The Cardiovascular system is an significant system due to the many functions that it has that are important to the body. Many parts of the body have
certain stations that are effective in transferring blood, these are known as the veins, arteries, valves, the 4 chambers of the heart, the left and right
atrium and the left and right ventricle. Veins returnblood to the heart, two very significant veins are the Superior and Inferior vena cava veins. These
veins are the most important because of the jobs they have, Inferior vena cava carries the deoxygenated blood from the lower half of the body to the
right atrium which is a chamber in the heart and the superior vena cava carries the deoxygenated blood from the upper half of the body. Increasing
our Cardiovascular system benefits in many ways, one big way is it gives us more energy. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Plaque starts to build once we're born, in other words you're prone to build plaque at birth. The plaque and blockages build to a point where you're in
risk of getting a myocardial infarction or a "heart attack". When arteries close off you can get a stroke or heart attack,, a stroke is a bursted artery. Most
strokes are cerebral arteries due to the size of the artery, being very small is way easier to burst than a much larger artery that takes time for a lot of
plaque or blockages to build up. Cerebral strokes again are fairly common due to the size of the artery, for example, an artery in the brain can be as thin
as a piece of hair which is way easier to clog and burst than an artery in your leg as large as your common pen. Platelets are a big factor in clogging,
they cause blood clots, ending up in a stroke. Another reason for the different arteries to not clog as fast could be because of bone tissue repairing
easily and brain cells being

Response Of The Human Cardiovascular System
The tilt study demonstrated the baroreflex response of the human cardiovascular system to changes in posture. Expected decreases in BP, MAP, CO at
30 seconds post–tilt and immediate decreases in SV and TPR as seen in Figures 2, 4, 6 and Table 1 were observed. These decreases were due to
increased pooling of blood in the lower limbs leading to lower venous return and subsequently decreasing flow out of the heart. Furthermore, there was
a reflexive response by the autonomic nervous system in order to regain normal cardiovascular parameters mediated by the baroreceptors.
Going from supine to standing position induced changes in the hydrostatic pressure experienced by the superior and inferior regions of the body. As
tilt occurred blood began to pool in highly distensible veins of the lower region. Because of this pooling phenomena there was an expected reduction
in venous return to the heart and subsequently a reduced CO (Fig. 5) as seen 30 seconds post–tilt (Sherwood, 2013). This reduced CO exemplifies the
Frank–Starling Law of the Heart which states that reduced venous return will result in reduced CO by the heart (Sherwood, 2013). The Frank–Starling
Law can also explain lowered SV as seen in Figure 4. The only explanation to why CO (a product of HR and SV) might have increased in this
experiment immediately after tilt was because HR (Fig. 1) significantly increased at the same time in comparison to the small decrease in SV as seen
in Figure 4. MAP and BP decreases were

The Cardiovascular System Of The Human Body
People often exercise in elevated temperatures and maintain an intense work–out to improve their maximum conditioning levels. Participating in such
exercise challenges the homeostasis of the human body. The way that the body reacts and adapts to physical stress depends on various components.
Specifically, exercising in the heat can overload the body and decrease its capability to adapt to the stress that it is being put through (Nielsen, Hales,
Strange, Christensen, Warberg, & Saltin, 1993). Compared to a more neutral environment, exercising in the heat results in alterations of the circulatory
system, thermoregulatory system, and endocrine system (Nielsen, Hales, Strange, Christensen, Warberg, & Saltin, 1993). Despite these alterations,
there are several guidelines that coaches and athletes should follow to allow the body a proper time frame to acclimate to the harsh temperatures , but
the most effective practice is heat acclimation ten to fourteen days prior to the date of maximum exertion (Powers & Howley, 2015). Allowing the
body time to acclimate and learn how to handle the stress from the heat, helps with acute and chronic adaptations. Being aware of how the heat effects
the body and understanding the physiological responses as well as acute and chronic adaptations, should allow one's body to safely and efficiently
exercise during increased temperature.
There are multiple physiological responses depending on what specific system someone may be referring to. For the

Blood And Cardiovascular System
Blood and the cardiovascular system are a closed system. Blood is needed to pump the heart and to flow through the rest of the body. Without blood,
the heart would have no possible way to pump, and without the heart, blood would not have anything to propel it to flow through our bodies. Blood
enters and exits the heart through circuits and vessels.
The only fluid tissue throughout the human body is blood. Blood may look as if it is a thick liquid, this is because it is made up of not only tissue, but
liquid components as well. Living cells called formed elements; erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets; are suspended in a nonliving matrix called
plasma. Inside of this substance called plasma, are many substances, over 100 to be exact, are dissolved. A few of these dissolved substances are
things such as nutrients, salts or electrolytes, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The cardiovascular system consists of the heart, blood, and valves. The cardiovascular system is able to transport things such as oxygen, nutrients, cell
wastes, hormones and other substances vital for the maintenance of homeostasis as well as cell life through blood. The hearts function is to pump the
blood in and out of the heart to propel it throughout the rest of the body. Deoxygenated blood enters through the pulmonary circuit through the superior
and inferior vena cavae and dumps into the right atrium, then travels through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle through the pulmonary
semilunar valve and out of the pulmonary arteries. When the blood exits the pulmonary arteries into the lungs, gas exchange occurs. Oxygenated blood
enters the systemic circuit through the right and left pulmonary veins into the left atrium, through the bicuspid or mitral valve into the left ventricle
through the aortic valve and out of the aorta to the rest of the body and back again. The valves of the body carry the blood and help to manage blood
pressure throughout the

The cardiovascular system consist of the heart, also known as the circulatory system. The major organs in this system is the heart, blood,capillaries,
veins and arteries. When I hear cardiovascular system I automatically think about life itself. We have to have the heart in order to survive. The heart is
the major organ in the cardiovascular system, it pumps blood throughout the body to organs, tissue, and cells. Think of the heart as being the fuel pump
on the car. The fuel pump has to pump the gas to the engine to keep that car running. Same thing with the heart the heart has to pump blood to our
bodies in order for us to run. Then you have the blood it's job is to carry oxygen and nutrients to every cell in the body and to remove any waste

The Many Diseases Of The Cardiovascular System
The cardiovascular system is a vast network of organs and vessels that permits the flow of blood, nutrients, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and hormones to
and from the cells in the human body. Not only does the cardiovascular system provide nourishment, but it also helps to fight against diseases, and
maintains homeostasis throughout the body. The cardiovascular system consists of theheart and a closed system of blood vessels called arteries, veins,
and capillaries. The heart is a vital organ that is essential for survival, therefore it is important to keep it in good condition.
High blood pressure (HBP), otherwise known as hypertension is one of the many diseases of the cardiovascular system. Depending on the amount of the
blood that is being

Research Paper On Cardiovascular System
The cardiovascular system has a wide variety of organs. Which includes the veins and arteries and the heart. Cardiovascular system is essential to
life. The heart pumps blood into our system. The veins are a passageway which white and red blood cells move. White blood cells which defend our
body from diseases and illnesses. The red blood cells remove the carbon dioxide from our body and transport it to the lungs. Our heart is very important,
if we did not have a system pump blood into our body. The device used is our arteries carry blood from our heart to our other organs. The
cardiovascular system contains platelets. Platelets repair any damage done inside of vessels or and helps prevent severe blood thrombus . Imagine if
our heart stop pumping blood and deliver oxygen.We also stop breathing and die. Our cardiovascular system is extremely important to life. ... Show
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This is our heart major function. The arteries carry blood away from our heart to other vital organ systems. Our veins carry the blood back to heart.
We have pulmonary circulation, it is the area where new oxygen enters our body. Aswell Carbon Dioxide is released. Arteries deliver blood to our
capillaries. The system works thanks to constant pressure from the heart and valves throughout the body. This pressure ensures that veins carry blood
to the heart and arteries transport it away from the heart. Oxygen enters the bloodstream through tiny membranes in the lungs. That absorb oxygen as it
is inhaled through the body. As the body uses the oxygen and processes it's nutrients and it creates carbon dioxide. Which your lungs expel as you
exhale. A very similar process occurs within the digestive system to transport nutrients, likewise as hormones in the endocrine system. These hormones
are taken from where they are produced to the organs they

Cardiovascular Respiratory System
The roles of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems during Exercise
Cardiovascular system during exercise:
Heart
When you exercise your heart rate will increase which means that the heart will beat faster. This allows the body to produce and transport blood to the
working muscles quicker. As oxygen is carried in theblood this means that more oxygen can be transported to these muscles and allow them to keep
contracting during aerobic exercise. During the exercise, your heart rate will continue to rise even if you're exercising at the same level due to cardiac
drift. If there is a sudden increase in oxygen demand due to a hill or increase in pace for example, then your heart rate will rise to meet this demand
for oxygen and blood by the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There is a steep and fast increase in the when the body starts to have its starve for oxygen, at this point the heart will start pumping on an average of
around 150 beats per minutes. This will then stay at this steady pace if the exercise is kept at a constant rate. After the exercise has stopped the body
will still be in need of oxygen and therefore the heart will continue to beat fast for a few more minutes. In a fit person this won't be the case and the
person will recover almost instantly and get back to the original amount of beats per

Cardiovascular System Essay
Cardiovascular system is powered by the body's hardest–working organ the heart, which is only about the size of a closed fist. Even at rest, the average
heart easily pumps over 5 litres of blood throughout the body every minute. The cardio vascular system delivers oxygen to the body tissues from the
lungs and nutrients to the liver from the intestines. The cardiovascular system also removes carbon dioxide from the cells to the lungs, to be excreted
and also removes waste products from the liver to the kidneys. The cardiovascular system transports white blood cells, Antibodies and hormones to
different parts of the body.
Also known as The Circulatory System
It is made up of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The trachea filters the air we breathe and branches into the bronchi. Even though the trachea's main function is the exchange of air, it also helps in
protection from microbes and harmful substances. This, in turn, prevents entry of harmful substances into deeper parts of the lungs, which would
induce malfunctioning. Tracheas have cartilage rings which support it
Bronchi.
One of the primary functions of bronchi is to allow air to pass through it. As the trachea splits into two parts, the inhaled air enters the bronchi. From
here, it passes through its further divisions, which are known as bronchioles. This then divides to form alveolar ducts which eventually end into
alveolar air sacs or alveoli. Thus, these tubes basically act as a passage for air to pass.
Diaphragm
Breathing begins with a curved muscle underneath of the lungs called the diaphragm. When you inhale the diaphragm decreases in size. When it
decreases in size it evens out and pulls downward. When you breathe out, the diaphragm expands reducing the amount of space for the lungs and
forcing air out. The diaphragm is the main muscle used in breathing. This movement makes the space that the lungs are in to get bigger. This enlarges
space then draws air into the

The Cardiovascular System From The National Nutrition Of...
This paper will examine the possible consequences on the cardiovascular system from the national nutrition of Kazakhstan. I choose this topic for
research since I have the personal interest in the food I eat and I am contemplating the disciplines in medicine, particularly cardiology or cardio
surgery. So, choosing this topic might enhance my knowledge in these areas that can help me to stand out from other candidates. Moreover, during my
work experience in a cardiology center, I had many questions but they still have not answered yet, hence doing this project I am planning to find the
answers for them. My first and the main question was the reason the Kazakh nation has tremendous problems with the heart health. Another one was
why most of the patients lying in the clinic are males who are in age and overweight. These questions seem to be obvious but it was before I went to
do A–level and I can say that I knew nothing about the heart. Although, now I have broad knowledge about this topic I want to extend them and imply
it to my culture and traditions. Therefore, I proposed a hypothesis – "Kazakh national food has a deleterious effect on the cardiovascular system and it is
the major cause of death from the cardiovascular diseases". So, the purpose of this research is to confirm or refute this hypothesis and try to identify to
what extent traditional meals influence the development of cardiovascular diseases.
The heart and circulatory system make up the cardiovascular system.

Cardiovascular And Respiratory System Essay
When we breathe in air through the nose, our lung fill with oxygen. This happens when the oxygen passes through the pharynx then the larynx and
then to the wind pipe (trachea). This air travels through the bronchi and then travels to the alveoli through the bronchioles which are small sacs. Gas
exchange takes places at the alveoli and the alveoli are surrounded by capillaries which are blood vessels. The Respiratory System is needed in order for
oxygen to be released into the bloodstream and for the blood to circulate around the body. Energy comes from a lot of different foods such as fats,
sugars, carbohydrates and proteins. "Our bodies digest the food we eat by mixing it with fluids (acids and enzymes) in the stomach. When the stomach
digests food, the carbohydrate (sugars and starches) in the food breaks down into another type of sugar, called glucose." ... Show more content on
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The Cardiovascular and Respiratory systems have the same goal and that is to get oxygen to the body and remove carbon dioxide from the cells. "The
relationship between the cardiovascular system and metabolism is inextricable." (Hendrickson, 2015). The Cardiovascular System is very important
and relies on the Respiratory System to pump blood through the body to allow oxygen to reach the Respiratory System. The Cardiovascular System is
made up of the heart, blood vessels and blood. The Cardiovascular System allows blood to flow thoroughly through the body as it is mainly a series
of pipes that the blood moves through. "After oxygen and carbon dioxide move across the alveolar wall in the lungs, the oxygen–rich, carbon
dioxide–poor blood travels through pulmonary veins to the left atrium of the

Cardiovascular, Respiratory And Energy System
D1 outline the relationships between the cardiovascular, respiratory and energy systems before, during and after a sporting activity
Scenario: Mo Farah 5km Run Cardiovascular system changesRespiratory system changesUse of the three energy systems
Before raceBefore the race the cardiovascular system stays the same as there is no physical activity going on. The heart rate is the same. An averages
person's heart rate can range from sixty to one hundred beats per minute, Mo Farah's heart rate is thirty three beats per minute. His heart rate may start
to rise due to being nervous or due to anticipation.There is no change to the respiratory system before the race. Breathing may become deeper as the
nerves may come.Before the race the energy ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He will start to sweat as he is running at his full potential. The heart will start to work harder and will deliver oxygenated blood to the muscles via
arteries, capillaries and the veins. The blood is received from the body and it goes into the right atrium and here the blood is filtered and is passed
on to the right ventricle. The blood then goes to the lungs where the deoxygenated blood becomes oxygenated. The blood then goes back to the
heart by the left atrium and it then goes into the left ventricle, the left ventricle will give a bigger contraction as it is going to the body. This system
is repeated many times. The arteries and veins become bigger so more blood can pass through. Stroke volume and cardiac output will increase.
Stroke volume will increase by 170ml. cardiac output will increase by 35L.During the race the respiratory system is working hard to deliver
oxygenated blood to the muscles. Gaseous exchange takes place and becomes faster as it is more common during exercise. This will allow more oxygen
into the blood stream which will get to the muscles quicker. The inspiration movement becomes harder and faster and this allows more oxygen to
be breathed in. Expiration becomes quick during physical activity. The nasal cavity will increase the temperature of the air that is being inhaled
and it will filter it to make sure that there is no dust. During the race Mo Farah uses the aerobic system because he is a long distance runner. As the
race goes on he will start to use the energy that is stored in his muscles form the food that he has eaten. His heart rate and breathing rate start to
speed up to deliver more oxygen to the muscles and get rid of carbon dioxide. The body will rely on this oxygen until the last part of the race where
Mo will start to pick up the pace to either overtake someone or get a faster time. During this sprint he will use the

Comparing The Cardiovascular System And The Digestive System
I chose to write about the digestive system and the cardiovascular system. In the digestive system, the major organs are salivary glands, esophagus,
stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum and anus. There are accessory organs which are the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas. The major
components are the month, teeth,, tongue, and epiglottis. Food enters the mouth and the salvia starts the digestive process by starting to break down
the food. The teeth chew the food while the tongue is pushing the food to the back of the throat. When the food is swallowed the epiglottis keeps the
food from going down the wrong way. The food hen goes down the esophagus where it then goes to the stomach. Just before the food enters the
stomach there is ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
When eating a meal the gallbladder then contracts which sends bile to the small intestine. Then the nutrients gets absorbed into the blood stream, there
is leftover liquid that passes into the small intestate. What food that is left over then travels to the large intestine. "The large intestine is a 5–6 foot long
muscular tube that connects the cecum which is the first part of the large intestine to the rectum and the last part of the large intestine". The large
intestine is made up of the cecum, which is the ascending right colon, the transverse colon, the descending colon, and the sigmoid colon, that connects
to the rectum. Stool, or waste left over from the digestive process, is passed through the colon by means of peristalsis, first in a liquid state and
ultimately in solid form as the water is removed from the stool. A stool is stored in the sigmoid colon until there is a movement to release the stool into
the rectum twice a day. When the descending colon becomes full it then empties the contents into the rectum. The rectum is an 8 inch chamber that
connects the colon to the

The Cardiovascular System: Angiotensin
Angiotensin II is an octapeptide which is associated with the cardiovascular system. It maintains blood pressure by vasoconstriction and stimulation of
aldosterone secretion. Angiotensin II is synthesized through the renin–angiotensin system (RAS) which is known to be involved in systemic blood
pressure control, including the regulation of cerebral blood flow (Mogi, Iwanami, & Horiuchi, 2012). Renin, a product of the juxtaglomerular cells of
the kidney, is released into the circulation where it cleaves the angiotensinogen to form angiotensin I. Angiotensin I is cleaved by
angiotensin–converting enzyme (ACE) to form the angiotensin II. Apart from the production of angiotensin II in plasma and peripheral organs such as
kidney, adrenal gland, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Both receptors are differentiated by their selective affinity for different non–peptide ligand although they have the similar binding for angiotensin II
(De Gasparo, Catt, Inagami, Wright, & Unger, 2000). Both receptors belong to the seven–transmembrane domain, G–protein coupled receptor family
(Saavedra, 2005). However, AT2 receptor shares only 32
–34% amino acid identity with the AT1 receptor. AT1 receptor was found in the areas related
to neuroendocrine control and autonomic regulation of cardiovascular function and the limbic system (Tsutsumi & Saavedra, 1991). The
physiological actions of angiotensin II in the brain, such as regulation of blood pressure, fluid balance, and hormone secretion, are mediated by the
AT1 receptor. Additionally, systemic angiotensin II affects the brain functions through AT1 receptors located in the circumventricular organs which
are devoid of BBB and derived angiotensin II may act at many sites in the central nervous system located behind the BBB (Unger & Scholkens,
2004). On the other hand, AT2 receptor acts a role in brain organogenesis and in the function of sensory and motor systems (Tsutsumi & Saavedra,
1991). However, the physiological functions of the AT2 receptor are still uncertain (De Gasparo & Siragy, 1999; Saavedra, 2005). Thus, the role of
brain angiotensin II appears to be multiple and complex

Effects Of Exercise On The Cardiovascular System
The immediate effects of exercise within the cardiovascular system is firstly the heart rate. A resting heart rate in a healthy adult is 60 to 100 bpm. We
can see from the findings that Andrea had a healthy heart rate of 96 before exercise. The heart rate continues to raise during exercise until a maximum
heart rate is achieved. The stroke volume is also increased, which is. The blood will contract more powerfully and therefore the volume of blood
being pumped from the heart within each beat is increased. Andrea's stroke volume will have increased because her heart may be bigger and
stronger, allowing more blood to be pumped per beat. The blood is also diverted from other body systems such as the digestive system. This is
because the muscles

Research Paper On Cardiovascular System
The topic of discussion for today is the Cardiovascular System, also known as the circulatory system, is one of the most vital systems in the body. The
cardiovascular system is made up of the heart, arteries, veins, capillaries, and blood. The heart is the pump that moves blood through the body. The
arteries transport blood from the heart to the body and the veins carry blood back to the heart. The capillaries(tiny blood vessels) is where the exchange
occurs between the blood and body tissues. The cardiovascular system, also transports hormones, blood sugar, vitamins, waste and anything else that is
produced in one part of the body and travels elsewhere.
The cardiovascular system has many functions, but just to name a few: 1–Oxygen and carbon

Cardiovascular System Analysis
The cardiovascular system can be split into three different parts: the blood, the heart, and the blood vessels. They all work within the cardiovascular
system in their own individual ways and each has their own unique characteristics and functions within the system. Blood is generally composed of
55% Plasma and 45% Formed Elements (Castillo, 2018). Plasma is the liquid part of the blood that is 90% water and 10% wastes, gases, hormones, and
proteins, while the formed elements are erythrocytes or red blood cells, leukocytes or white blood cells, and platelets (Castillo, 2018). The general
functions of blood include transportation, regulation, and protection (McKinley, 2016). Blood functions in transportation because it transports all that ...
Cardiac muscle has short branching fibers, is striated, and functions involuntary allow for the contraction of the heart to pump blood throughout the
body (Castillo, 2018). The conduction system of the heart includes the Sinoatrial node, Atrioventricular node, left and right bundle branches, and
Purkinje fibers and functions off of action potentials of nerve impulses. The Sinoatrial node is in the upper right atrium and is where the action
potential begins and rhythm and pace of the heart is determined. The action potential will then travel to the Atrioventricular node in the lower right
atrium where the impulse is delayed for a whole second so the left side of the heart can contract. After that the impulse travels to the Atrioventricular
bundle, which connects the atria and ventricles. Once this is completed, the potential travels to the left and right bundle fibers that signal the septum
and apex of the heart. Finally, the potential will reach the Purkinje fibers and stimulate the walls of both ventricles. This completes one cardiac cycle. A
cardiac cycle is described as all the events associated with the blood flow through the heart during one complete heartbeat (McKinley, 2016). A
heartbeat involves the contraction {systole} and relaxation {diastole} of the heart chambers. The most important driving force to continually move
blood through the heart is the opening and closing of

Compare And Contrast The Cardiovascular System And The...
The cardiovascular system and the circulatory systems work hand in hand. The main functions of the cardiovascular system are to transport nutrients,
oxygen, and hormones to cells throughout the body, protect the body by white blood cells against foreign microbes and toxins, and platelets for blood
clotting and regulate body temperature, pH fluid, and water content of cells. It's a closed system, and the main organs associated with the cardiovascular
system is the heart and the blood vessels. The heart is located in the thorax, between the lungs, and is about the size of your fist. It's only function is to
pump blood. The right side of the heart pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs, where gas exchange occurs, and the left side of the heart

The Cardiovascular System
Cardiovascular system consists of the heart and it's associated blood vessels. "Main functions of the cardiovascular system include the supply of
oxygen and nutrients to all cellular tissues in the body while also removing metabolic wastes such as carbon dioxide" (Collins, 2013 p. 169). The heart
is a four–chambered organ with two superior atria and two inferior ventricles. There is four valves located in the heart each function to prevent the
backflow of blood into either atria or ventricular chambers. "The two valves located between the atria and ventricles are called atria–ventricular valves,
while the two valves located between the pulmonary, aortic arteries and the ventricles are called semilunar valves" (Christensen & Kockrow, 2014 p.

Cardiovascular System Papers
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
The cardiovascular system is also known as the circulatory system, which is an organ system that encompasses the heart and blood vessels of the
body. The heart and blood vessels of the circulatory system adapt to repeated sessions of exercise in number of ways, the cardiovascular system carries
blood, oxygen and nutrients to the organs and tissues of the body and carries waste products and carbon dioxide from these tissues to be removed from
the body.
CARDIAC HYPERTROPHY
When you exercise regularly over a long period of time your heart will increase in size and volume. The ventricle walls will get bigger and thicker
allowing you to make bigger and powerful contractions. A common cause of cardiac hypertrophy is high blood pressure (hypertension) and heart valve
stenosis.
INCREASED STROKE VOLUME
It's the amount of blood pumped by the left ventricle, which occurs in one beat. A person who exercises on a daily basis will increase the stroke
volume allowing more blood to be pumped than a person who does not work out. Cardiovascular training is used to increase stroke volume. The more
blood that is pumped from the heart with each ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Which means that when you are at a resting point you won't need to use as much oxygen as you use while exercising. This means that individuals
become more efficient at using oxygen which means not as much wastage. The reason that the body adapts this is because if you exercise regularly
your body is getting used to exercise on a regular basis which then will start to use less oxygen. Also our heart rate will be able to decrease because
when we stop exercising our heart will start to recover, which leads to a decrease in heart rate. For example this benefits the athletes because a quicker
decrease in resting heart rate is an indicator that your heart is efficient at transporting oxygenated blood through your body with each

Human Cardiovascular System
When a person is 80 years old, the average healthy heart will have beat 3,363,840,000 times ("10 unique and fun facts about the cardiovascular
system," 2015). The cardiovascular system includes the heart and blood vessels that's main job is to carry blood from the body to the heart and vice
versa. The human heart is amazingly the base core of functionality for the human body, without it the human body would never function. There are
three stages in the process of pumping blood throughout the body.
The first stage of pumping blood throughout the body, is by pumping blood through the four main chambers of the heart, which are "The right and left
atrium, and the right and left Ventricle". The great vessels in the heart include the Superior and Inferior Vena Cava, which brings blood from the body
to the right Atrium, then the Pulmonary artery transports blood from the right ventricle to the lungs, therefore, the Aorta "the body's largest artery"
transports oxygen rich blood in one ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The blood travels to the lungs where it receives oxygen. Next the bloods drains back into the left atrium from the lungs via the pulmonary veins and
travels to the left atrium. The left atrium then contracts, therefore forcing blood through the mitral valve into the left ventricle. As it is explained in
human anatomy, and more specifically about the human heart, the left ventricle is the major muscular pump that sends the blood out to the body's
system. As a result, when the left vertical contracts, in forces highly pumped blood though the aortic semilunar valve into the aorta. From here the
aorta and its branches carry blood to the rest of the body's tissue.
In conclusion, the human heart works in a very complex way, and as human anatomy develops over the years to have a better understanding of how the
human heart works, it is very important that people have a better understanding of how it

The Different Organs Of The Cardiovascular System
The Cardiovascular system, also known as the circulatory system, includes the heart and its vessels. Its purpose is to circulate blood throughout the
body and its cells, delivering needed substances and removing waste. The different organs of the cardiovascular system include the heart and its blood
vessels, which are capillaries, arteries and veins. There are two parts to the cardiovascular system, pulmonary circulation and systemic circulation.
Pulmonary circulation is between the heart and the lungs. The heart sends deoxygenated blood out the right ventricle through the left pulmonary artery,
into the lungs. The lungs then oxygenate the blood and send it back to the heart through the right pulmonary artery. The oxygenated blood... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
The heart is divided in half by the septum and has four chambers; right and left atria's and the right and left ventricles. The heart also has four
values to ensure the blood flows throughout the chambers properly these are called the; tricuspid valve, mitral valve, pulmonary valve and the
aortic valve. All of those are surrounded by the thick wall of the heart with three layers. The endocardium is the inner smooth layer surrounding
each chamber. The myocardium is the thick muscular middle layer, the muscular wall of this layer allows the heart to contract and pump the blood.
The epicardium layer is the outer layer of the heart. Since the heart is a muscle it also needs its own supply of the blood circulating around it. Once
the blood is oxygenated and travels through the aortic valve. There are two sets of arteries, the left main coronary artery and the right coronary
artery, that bring the blood back around through the heart muscle. Blockage to any of these arteries will trigger a myocardial infarction, commonly
known as a heart attack. A heart attack will occur when the flow of oxygenated blood is blocked, stopping the muscle from receiving oxygen.
Blockage to your coronary arteries most commonly occurs due to plaque buildup over time. If left untreated that part of the muscle will die. Warning
signs and symptoms of a heart attack can occur days, even weeks in before the heart attack. Symptoms can

Gravity In Cardiovascular System
Gravity is a constant force that influences nearly every aspect of biological activity, to some extent. The gravitational force on organisms follows
physical laws that are well–known; thus, the gravity can have predictable effects. There are gravitational forces acting on physiological systems such as
the cardiovascular and circulatory systems. Any fluid columns, like blood vessels, are subjected to large pressure gradients when subjected to sudden
changes in body posture, especially in humans which are designed for upright posture. There are physiological adaptations in the human cardiovascular
system designed to counteract the effects of gravity on the circulatory system under postural changes such as when in a standing, sitting, or lying ...
These changes are sometimes accompanied by feelings of dizziness or lightheadedness, and might even lead to fainting (syncope).
When you change quickly from a supine to an upright posture there are several things that your body will do immediately to counteract the change
in blood pressure and pooling of blood in the veins. (1) Your heart rate increases and pumps a greater volume of blood. This will increase blood
pressure (BP) so that you avoid fainting. (2) The valves in your veins maintain a one–way flow of blood to the heart which aids venous return of blood
to the heart. (3) Your skeletal muscles contract and help compress the veins providing resistance to pooling of blood. These muscle twitches act much
like a flight suit of jet pilots which squeeze the body and provide resistance to the elastic–walled veins. (4) The nervous system elicits several
compensatory and autonomic responses to restore normal blood volume and pressure.
Your medulla oblongata has two autonomic centers: the cardiac and vasomotor center. The cardiac center responds

Ethical Considerations Of The Cardiovascular System
Although herbs were once the only source of medication available, they may become the future of preventative treatment for Cardiovascular disease.
Like everything else in the human body, the Cardiovascular System starts to age, with age comes complications, and sometimes even disease. This
journal focuses on the prevention of these diseases by simply using herbs. To elaborate on this, lets first look into what the Cardiovascular System is.
The Cardiovascular System is responsible for the moving and removing waste products from the body. Included in this system are blood, blood vessels,
and mainly the heart. Some things focused on in this article are the Ethical considerations, the outcome, and the risks of this study. In any type of
research

Cardiovascular Systems. The Cardiovascular system actually have two different systems, the cardio system which refers to the heart and the vascular
system which refers to the blood. So when talking about the cardiovascular system we are talking about the heart pumping blood around the body. The
Respiratory System is the system in which delivers oxygen from the air to our blood system and then return as waste products back outside into the
air. In order for our bodies to carry out any form of exercise, the cells in our body need oxygen. The cardio and the respiratory systems supply this
oxygen to out body. To understand how the Cardio–respiratory system works you need to understand how, first of all, the heart works. Diagram of the
heart. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They are tiny branches of arteries that lead to capillaries and help maintain the pressure and blood flow in the body.
Connective tissues make up the outermost layer of a vein which is also known as – tunica adventitia or tunica externa. The middle layer is known as
tunica media and is made up of smooth muscles. The interior is lined with endothelial cells called tunica intima. The vein also contains venous valves–
one way flaps that prevent blood from flowing back and pooling in the lower extremities due to the effects of gravity. To ensure unrestricted flow of
blood, a venule (blood vessel) allows deoxygenated blood to return from the capillary beds to the vein.
There are two types of arteries in the body: Pulmonary and systemic. The pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood from the heart, to the lungs, for
purification while the systemic arteries form a network of arteries that carry oxygenated blood from the heart to other parts of the body. Arterioles and
capillaries are further extensions of the (main) artery that help transport blood to tinier parts in the

Cardiovascular System Lab Report
2.1 Introduction
The cardiovascular system includes the organs that regulate blood flow through the body mainly the heart and the blood vessels. This system has as
basic function to provide a continuous flow of blood to organs and cellular tissues of the body in order to distribute oxygen and nutrients, eliminate
waste and carbon dioxide generated during their activity and transport hormones produced by endocrine glands to the receivers. This chapter aims to
explain the physiological basis of the cardiac activity and its relation with the autonomic nervous system (ANS), to understand the usage of
electrocardiogram (ECG) to detect driver fatigue related directly to the ANS. 2.2 Electrocardiogram (ECG)
The electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Thus, it slows body processes such as digestion and urination that are less important in emergencies, and activate many other processes; it increases
heart rate and the force of heart contractions and dilates the airways to make breathing easier. In addition, the body release its stored energy and
muscular strength is increased. This part of ANS also causes palms to sweat, pupils to dilate, and hair to stand on end[19]. In contrast, the
parasympathetic division controls body process during ordinary situations, it conserves and restores. As a result of this division activation, the heart
rate slows and blood pressure decreases, the digestive tract is stimulated to process food and eliminate wastes, this latter process produce energy from
the processed food that is used to restore and build tissues[19].
Hence, The ANS plays an essential role in the maintaining of the homeostasis through the regulation of the internal functions of the body[17]. These
two components of ANS work together to ensure that the body is functioning properly in each situation. An imbalance between these two systems can
be an indicator of a physiological variations as when the mental state changes to a new abnormal one like drowsiness, stress or

What Is The Cardiovascular System
The cardiovascular system is the system of the body which includes the circulatory system and your heart. This system has three functions. Its first is
transportation where it is responsible for pumping blood to the organs, tissues, and cells of your body in order to transport a proper amount of
oxygen and nutrients to every cell as well as remove the carbon dioxide and waste products made by some cells. This is done by using one of the
strongest muscles and the hardest–working organ in the body–– the heart. Blood is pumped through this organ into the major blood vessels located at
the base of the heart. The major vessels include the vena cava, aorta, pulmonary trunk, and the pulmonary veins. Although the heart is no bigger than
the average

The Importance of the Cardiovascular System in Transporting Nutrients, Gases and Wastes

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