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Flâneur’s Phonograph:
A Flaneur Shift in Urban Exploration
研究生 | 王柏皓
指導教授 | 梁容輝
Flâneur
The flâ neur is an urban wander, leisurely walking through streets
while interpreting and re-imaging the city ( Benjamin, 1973 ).
Flâ neur
Curious Creative Reflective
Research through Design
- The Encyclopedia of Human-Computer Interaction, 2nd Ed.
Papers Example project Conference & funding
Research through Design
Ideating
IteratingCritiquing
Exploration 1
Riddle City
Stories of the place
Clues toward next mission
Total of 8 mission
- http://riddlecity.cc/
Focusing on completing the tasks
Gamification vs Free exploration
Exploration 2
Situationism At Home town
Exploration 2
Situationism At Home town
Dérive
a technique of rapid passage through varied ambiances, where participants drop their
everyday relations and let themselves be drawn by the attractions of the terrain and
the encounters they find there.
(Debord, 1956).
Dérive app
Find a spiritual place
Turn right after two block
Close your eyes,
and listen to the surrounding
Search for circle shape things
dialogically interacting with their memories
instruction cards were often skipped
Exploration 3
Sound record with
Inspiration from Street Photographer
Listen carefully and record everything
Challenge yourself to record
sounds from different worlds. Observe the interactions among people
If you hold too many preconceptions about things,
it is easy to miss out important things.
Alternative explorative form opens up curiosity
Ambiguity of the guidance helps create a wider interpretative space
Different familiarity to a place could have great impact toward exploration
Exploration 4
Flâneur’s Phonograph
3 Types of microphone
Omnidirectional mic
Hypercardioid mic Contact mic
The tool to reshape the familiar form into an
estranged form
用指向性的話,我基本上也是很常用二 ...
... 你是有意識的去選擇,你要把哪幾段聲音保留起來疊合成一段 ...
像是一個飲品,抽取這個地方很多元素,去重新混合代表這個地方 ...
The tool to reshape the familiar form into an
estranged form
[接觸式]他就不是以一個風景去探索,我覺得它是以一個物件[去探索] ...
... 基本上是沒有聽過的聲音,或甚至是非常電子,很像是平行時空的電
子空間...我覺得他基本上是地圖醫生,像是拿著一個聽診器,然後就是這
個城市有一些其實是你從來不會知道的聲音
The tool to follow the space and crowd with viscosity spontaneously
那個定向麥克風,它可以幫我屏蔽很多聲音,然後聚焦於一點,突然世界
安靜下來,人也靜下來,注意力開始安靜但又集中 ...
... 可是你的眼睛還能看到一個雜亂的日常,那感覺就好像,很多很多世界
的細節在你眼前閃爍,卻只與你擦肩而過,你的注意力始終只集中在一點
上,在日常的亂流中是穩定的,但那一點也不是死的,畢竟聲音來源和內
容也一直在變,可是一樣有穩定的感覺 ...
... 而且這個集中毫不費力,安靜得毫不費力,在亂中求安定本不是件容易
的事,可用那個裝置可以輕易的做到。
Discussion
Characteristics of Flâneur’s Phonograph
Invisibility & Ambiguity spark curiosity
Openness & Unexpectedness stimulate imagination and serendipity
In-situ Focusing provokes reflection and critique
Possible Approach for Urban Exploration
Towards Flâneur
‘Plus (+)’ auditory stimuli
‘Minus (-)’ auditory stimuli
Conclusion
Thesis defense   flaneur's phonograph-2
Thesis defense   flaneur's phonograph-2

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Thesis defense flaneur's phonograph-2

  • 1. Flâneur’s Phonograph: A Flaneur Shift in Urban Exploration 研究生 | 王柏皓 指導教授 | 梁容輝
  • 3. The flâ neur is an urban wander, leisurely walking through streets while interpreting and re-imaging the city ( Benjamin, 1973 ).
  • 5. Research through Design - The Encyclopedia of Human-Computer Interaction, 2nd Ed. Papers Example project Conference & funding
  • 7.
  • 9. Stories of the place Clues toward next mission Total of 8 mission - http://riddlecity.cc/
  • 11. Gamification vs Free exploration
  • 13. Exploration 2 Situationism At Home town Dérive a technique of rapid passage through varied ambiances, where participants drop their everyday relations and let themselves be drawn by the attractions of the terrain and the encounters they find there. (Debord, 1956).
  • 15. Find a spiritual place Turn right after two block Close your eyes, and listen to the surrounding Search for circle shape things
  • 16. dialogically interacting with their memories instruction cards were often skipped
  • 17. Exploration 3 Sound record with Inspiration from Street Photographer
  • 18. Listen carefully and record everything Challenge yourself to record sounds from different worlds. Observe the interactions among people If you hold too many preconceptions about things, it is easy to miss out important things.
  • 19.
  • 20. Alternative explorative form opens up curiosity Ambiguity of the guidance helps create a wider interpretative space Different familiarity to a place could have great impact toward exploration
  • 22.
  • 23. 3 Types of microphone Omnidirectional mic Hypercardioid mic Contact mic
  • 24.
  • 25. The tool to reshape the familiar form into an estranged form 用指向性的話,我基本上也是很常用二 ... ... 你是有意識的去選擇,你要把哪幾段聲音保留起來疊合成一段 ... 像是一個飲品,抽取這個地方很多元素,去重新混合代表這個地方 ...
  • 26. The tool to reshape the familiar form into an estranged form [接觸式]他就不是以一個風景去探索,我覺得它是以一個物件[去探索] ... ... 基本上是沒有聽過的聲音,或甚至是非常電子,很像是平行時空的電 子空間...我覺得他基本上是地圖醫生,像是拿著一個聽診器,然後就是這 個城市有一些其實是你從來不會知道的聲音
  • 27. The tool to follow the space and crowd with viscosity spontaneously 那個定向麥克風,它可以幫我屏蔽很多聲音,然後聚焦於一點,突然世界 安靜下來,人也靜下來,注意力開始安靜但又集中 ... ... 可是你的眼睛還能看到一個雜亂的日常,那感覺就好像,很多很多世界 的細節在你眼前閃爍,卻只與你擦肩而過,你的注意力始終只集中在一點 上,在日常的亂流中是穩定的,但那一點也不是死的,畢竟聲音來源和內 容也一直在變,可是一樣有穩定的感覺 ... ... 而且這個集中毫不費力,安靜得毫不費力,在亂中求安定本不是件容易 的事,可用那個裝置可以輕易的做到。
  • 29. Characteristics of Flâneur’s Phonograph Invisibility & Ambiguity spark curiosity Openness & Unexpectedness stimulate imagination and serendipity In-situ Focusing provokes reflection and critique
  • 30. Possible Approach for Urban Exploration Towards Flâneur ‘Plus (+)’ auditory stimuli ‘Minus (-)’ auditory stimuli

Editor's Notes

  1. 一般來說,體驗一個地方可以有兩種不同的角度,觀光客的視角 以及 在地居民的視角。然而注意到近年來幾個潮流, 一、非典型旅遊的興起:觀光客希望追求“生活在那裡 Live there”的體驗,二、日益增長的社區營造活動:希望將居民的注意力從平凡的日常生活中轉移出來,我們可以看到這兩個角色在互相朝對方移動。 有鑒於 pace-based interaction 在 HCI 領域中逐漸增長的重要性,Elizabeth Churchill 在 2010 年的 Interaction 雜誌專欄中援引了法國文學角色 <next> flaneur 漫遊者 的概念。在這裡漫遊者似乎成為更理想的角色。
  2. 漫遊者是城市漫步之人,他們悠閒地穿過街道小巷,並同時詮釋和重新想像城市(Benjamin, 1973)。相對於觀光客走馬看花、什麼都只稍微碰一點點,以及 在地居民日復一日、每日重複的乏味生活 這樣的刻板印象 <next>
  3. 本研究將漫遊者視為一種好奇的、具有創造性的、以及反思性的角色
  4. 然而要如何設計漫遊者經驗依舊是相當模糊的一件事。本研究採用Research through Design作為建構漫遊者經驗的方法。 RtD 作為一種學術理論在今天依然有許多的派別與些微的差異,它的歷史可以追至Frayling 1993年提出的Research through Art & Design. 在英國、北歐主要是藝術與設計社群在使用,荷蘭則是科技大學與設計學界,美國則大部分是HCI領域。
  5. 總的來說,RtD 是一種 透過重複經歷 概念發想(ideating)、重複迭代(iterating)、批判(critiquing) 產生相關知識的方法。
  6. 而本研究目前經歷了 4 次的設計探索階段,以下會詳細描述各階段的所使用的工具、設計活動、以及所獲得的insight
  7. 在還沒有開始任何設計決策之前,本研究先檢視現有的方案,想要了解能帶給參與者什麼樣的反應。 我們找到了一款非常符合研究主題的遊戲,城市尋寶
  8. 這款實境解謎遊戲是以一些景點作為遊戲地點,玩家的目標是透過解開一關一關的謎題找到寶藏所藏的位置。遊戲過程中會結合當地景物作為謎題線索,也會帶入當地的歷史及故事。 我們選了其中一款以淡水為故事背景做為第一次的探索,照片中是第一個謎題包,總共有8個關卡,中間這幾張就是該關卡的故事,下面的則是該關卡的線索道具。 這次的探索總共邀請除了我之外另外 7 位玩家參與遊戲,我則是同時作為研究者近距離的觀察整個遊戲過程。 另外每一位玩家在結束遊戲後都被要求畫一張心理地圖作為事後分析的工具。
  9. 透過近距離觀察整個遊戲過程發現,玩家的注意力在遊戲過程中逐漸轉向盡快解謎而忽略遊戲所包含的歷史與故事。例如在前面幾個關卡還會閱讀故事那幾張,到後面的關卡,常常就直接跳過故事,直接拿線索道具出來解謎。 另外一個線索則是在地圖上。地圖上的標記大多都跟遊戲關卡或是遊戲線索有關,例如地圖上左下角的旗語、彩窗都是遊戲內的解謎活動。
  10. 雖然如此,還是有觀察到遊戲以外的正向經驗。 其中一位參與者表示非常喜歡其中一段連結兩道關卡的小路。那是一段一般觀光客不太會走的路,但當時的夕陽、溫暖的陽光讓他覺得自己好像是生活在那邊一樣。 總結以上,遊戲化的手法似乎無法促進漫遊者狀態,機會似乎是在自由探索這邊。 We find that with the progression of the game, players’ attention gradually shifted towards solving and completing each tasks, and interactions with the physical environment were as well leaned toward finding clues in order to complete the missions. We also notice this pattern on players’ map, most of the markings on the map are related to the game, such as game clues and sites where they were solving the riddles. Although we did not see clear advantage from the game, we did see some positive experiences which were unrelated to the game. One player noted that he really liked one particular small path they took when walking from one site to the next one. He was overwhelmed by the warm sunset and feel like himself a local person walking on a small route that few tourists would take. It seems that gamification might not be necessary for achieving the state of flâneur, and the opportunities seems toward FREE Exploration.
  11. 第一次的探索是以觀光客的角度出發,並且發現機會似乎存在於自由探索之中。 第二次探索則想要改以頻譜另一端的在地居民角度出發。 提到將居民的注意力從平凡的日常生活中轉移出來,就不得不提到與漫遊者這個概念相關的“情境主義國際”。情境主義國際算是很早開始提倡將人從城市街道的權力關係中解放出來的團體。其中一項他們常用的手法 - Derive飄移 So for the 2nd exploration, we took inspiration from one of the situationism’s technique, Derive. a technique of rapid passage through varied ambiances, where participants drop their everyday relations and let themselves be drawn by the attractions of the terrain and the encounters they find there
  12. 其中一項他們常用的手法 - Derive飄移,是讓參與者拋下每日日常的關係,讓自己沈浸在周圍環境、地貌,以及他們所遭遇的事物。 So for the 2nd exploration, we took inspiration from one of the situationism’s technique, Derive. a technique of rapid passage through varied ambiances, where participants drop their everyday relations and let themselves be drawn by the attractions of the terrain and the encounters they find there
  13. Derive app 是當代進行飄移非常好的範例。幾年前它還是以web app的方式呈現,現在已經是一款手機app。它提供使用者一張接著一張的指令,使用者透過放棄部分自身的選擇,把選擇權交給這些指令,達到從街道權力關係中解放出來的目的,讓使用者去體驗平常不會體驗到的經驗。 This the the screenshot of Derive app, a modern tool for doing derive. Referencing the Derive app, we create a card deck with 18 instruction cards,
  14. 參考Derive app的形式,本研究製作了18張手掌大小的卡片。 卡片內容部分是從Derive app 翻譯過來,另外也有一部分是本研究自行撰寫。 而實體卡片的形式是想要創造像籤詩一樣的感覺,暗示參與者要盡量遵照卡片上的指令。 本次探索找了 3 位參與者,他們都是在台北工作但家鄉不在台北 時間點則選在過年回家期間,想要利用有點熟悉但又有點不太熟悉的感覺,讓參與者用不同的角度去看他們的家鄉
  15. 雖然derive的目標是要讓參與者拋棄他們與城市結構的日常關係並擁抱未知,但我們發現參與者更多時候是在與過去的回憶對話,因為他們對於家鄉實在太過熟悉。 另外我們也發現很多卡片會因為無法與當下做連結,或根本上無法被執行而被跳過,例如圖片中參與者因為公車系統不發達,所以直接跳過兩張指令。
  16. 由於視覺常常主宰了我們的城市經驗,其他感官經驗往往被我們的下意識給過濾掉。 本研究認為讓參與者優先以相對容易被忽略的聽覺感官進行探索,可以為城市探索帶來新的體驗。 另外從前一次的探索發現,為了不要打斷探索時的flow,應該要提供更為模糊的引導,而不是提供可能無法產生連結或無法理解的指令。 當我們在嘗試不同的方法時,我們聯想到了 Churchill 所提到的 20 世紀版本的漫遊者 - 街拍攝影師。 As vision dominates the experience of urban exploration, other senses often lie behind the filtration of our selective consciousness. We believe that having participants explore with auditory sense in the first place could lead to new experiences toward urban exploration. And from previous exploration, we found that in order not to break the flow of exploration, we need more ambiguous guidance for participants, rather than providing instructions that participants might not be able to relate or make sense of. As we were exploring possible methods, the image of street photographers came into our mind for their representation of the 20th-century version of flâneur.
  17. 本研究以<上街去吧!森山大道的街拍意見>中,他對於街拍應該保有的心態及拍攝心法作為靈感來源,把攝影改寫成聲景soundscape錄音,製作成13張卡片。例如: 觀察人與人之間的互動 仔細觀察一切在全部拍(錄)下來 挑戰用相機(錄音設備)拍(錄)下不同的世界 如果對事物抱持太多成見,會很容易遺漏重要的事 在選擇上,主動避開該地風情
  18. 然後邀請 2 組一共 14 位參與者,一組台科學生,另外一組不熟悉台科的人,除了提供卡片之外,也提供指向式麥克風、可以即時監聽現場的錄音app、以及耳機,以台科校園作為範圍做soundscape的探索。一樣在探索結束之後要求他們繪製心理地圖,作為後續訪談的參考。
  19. 在此我想要點出 3 個這一階段的insight. 第一,另類的探索模式能開啟好奇心:本研究發現,透過專注於聽覺經驗,參與者展現了與以往視覺主導不同的行為,例如試著捕捉不同材質所發出的聲音(像畫面上的照片,參與者在錄手摸過樹幹的聲音)、嘗試指向性麥克風的特性、以及基於指向性的特性在腦中替不同角度的聲音編曲。 二,模糊性有助於建立更開放的詮釋空間:參與者表示卡片對於他們的影響不僅僅是在當下,而是會持續到整個探索過程。另外即使無法完全理解某些卡片概念, 他們仍然設法在探索過程中提出自己的理解。 三,對地方的熟悉程度可能會對探索產生巨大影響:透過參與者繪製的地圖發現,對於校園較熟悉的學生比較容易因為聲音的吸引而被引導至建築物的周邊,不熟悉校園的人則大多停留在視覺上的主要幹道。
  20. 基於前面幾個探索的發現,本研究設計了漫遊者留聲機。漫遊者留聲機是一個聲音收集裝置,能夠及時監聽當下的聲景。
  21. 我們設計了 3 種監聽模式, Mode 1是當下的聲景與本研究準備的聲景的混合(有海浪聲、學校鐘聲、廟會、一對姊妹的對話...等等) Mode 2是當下的聲景與使用者前兩次錄音的混和 Mode 3純粹僅有當下的聲景
  22. 另外也提供三種不同的麥克風,從左邊依序是全向性、指向性、接觸式麥克風。
  23. 我們邀請了兩位參與者使用漫遊者留聲機進行探索。A 代表在地居民的身份去探索不久前居住處的周邊,B 則是安排她探索他沒去過的龍山寺周邊,作為觀光客的代表。兩位參與者因為對地方熟悉程度的不同,而展現對留聲機使用的不同偏好。
  24. A 對於 mode 2 能夠將熟悉的場景汲取並重組有極大的興趣,尤其是搭配指向性與接觸式麥克風。 他形容指向性麥克風會指引他去聆聽、選擇、重組,去探索不同的角落 Participant A shows great interests exploring with Mode 2 to dismantling and reassembling the place from a familiar form into an estranged form. Especially when exploring with contact mic and hypercardioid mic. These 2 mics provided him with privilege vision, seeing the normal into fascination. He described that, the contact mic shaped a heterogeneous soundscape of ‘things’ mumblings’, and he feels like himself a doctor listening to the place; whereas the hypercardioid mic only capture sounds from a specific direction, which shaped a ‘cue from the place’ to explore the unnoticeable corners.
  25. 而接觸式麥克風則是創造了一個物件低語的異質空間,想像自己是地圖醫生聆聽地方上物件的聲音。
  26. 與A相當不同,B 追求的是訊息的過濾器。指向性麥克風提供他具有黏性的、但自由穿梭於空間與人群的能力。
  27. Before ending the presentation, I would like to highlight 1. the characteristics of our phonograph 2. Some possible approach toward Flaneur, 3. and our reflection on designing stimuli for Flaneur.
  28. 仔細去分析漫遊者留聲機的使用,我們可以得到以下三個特點 無形與模糊性激發好奇心:漫遊者留聲機為參與者創造了無形和模糊的聽覺刺激。與視覺探索相比,聽覺刺激提供較小的明確性。 在探索期間,兩位參與者都表示“我可以從那種方式聽到一些東西”,但位置和距離都不清楚。這類可以感覺到但不可見、可預測但又模棱兩可的資訊激發了參與者對探索地方的好奇心。 開放性和意外性激發了想像力與不期而遇:除了隱身之外,聲音的開放性促使參與者使用“創造性思維”來塑造富有想像力的聲景。此外聽覺刺激能夠容易地創造出超乎理解的意外性,從而促使參與者體驗到不期而遇 serendipity。例如接觸式麥克風對A來說,改變了他對於地方的理解。 臨場的焦距調整引發反思:三種麥克風提供不同的聚焦程度,參與者能在探索中自由的增加或減少聲音,就像是調整相機的焦距,參與者可以集中並放大對某個地方的興趣,在此參與者成為了“具有批判性的觀眾”反思他們所聽到的聲音。例如B在寺廟裡聽到外國遊客的對話,引發他對遊客與在地文化交匯的反思。
  29. 同時AB兩者對於我們裝置使用的偏好,標示出對於不同角色需要採取不一樣的取徑。 加法的取徑:對於地方很熟悉的人,很容易將一切都當作背景。要促進這樣的人成為漫遊者,在探索過程中增加資訊是一個可行的途徑。例如透過接觸式麥克風提供沒有預期的刺激,A將地方空間和新的聽覺刺激重新塑造成一種新的有意義的形式。 減法的取徑:這種方法為不熟悉地方的人過濾多餘的訊息以創造有主題有連結的探索,並逐漸鼓勵人擴大與地方的連結。例如B對於接觸式麥克風給予過多無法連結的聲音感到反感,並形容這樣的聲音是無意義的。相反的B享受指向性麥克風提供過濾聲音的能力,並運用它與地方產生連結。 但是,兩種取徑沒有一定的量。 相反的,應該要讓資訊量保持讓使用者調整的彈性,例如當一位觀光客逐漸熟悉一個地方時,刺激可以從減法轉向加法,反之亦然。
  30. 通過 Research through Design 的設計探索與實地研究,我們重新定義了漫遊者作為觀光客與在地居民之外的另一種角度。 在第一輪的探索,我們理解任務導向的遊戲化體驗可能非建構地方連結所需, 接著我們在第二輪探索中理解到過於開放性的探索讓與地方相關的回憶湧現,而非從周圍環境中探索和創造新的意義, 第三階段,我們認識到與地方的熟悉程度會對探索產生不小的影響,我們也成功以聽覺探索為任務,輔以語意的暗示,讓部分參與者建構出對地方新的想像。 第四階段,漫遊者留聲機以embodied的暗示,結合多種使用模式,展示了一種引人入勝的心理地理學的體驗,也就是本研究所稱漫遊者體驗。 最後,雖然本研究僅稍微揭露了可能的漫遊者經驗特徵與可能的方法,但已展示漫遊者視角作為城市探索的另類觀點具有深厚的可能性。