aputhren history

1. fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;
nrs.n[ah
cjtpg;NguhrphpaH
Kjfiyj; jkpo;j;Jiw>
Nt.t.td;dpag;ngUkhs; ngz;fs; fy;Y}hp
tpUJefH

2. kzpNkfiy
MGj;jpud; jpwk; mwptpj;j fhij

3. kzpNkfiy fhg;gpak; mwpKfk;
1. ngsj;j jj;Jtq;fs; Fwpj;j ciuahliy fhg;gpa tbtpy; kpf Neh;j;jpahf mikj;Js;sJ.
2. jkpohpd; Kjy; rPh;jpUj;jf; fhg;gpak; kzpNkfiy MFk;.
3. Vuhskhd goq;fijfSk; Kw;gpwtp tuyhWfSk; njhd;kq;fSk; ,f;fhg;gpaj;jpy;
,lk;ngWfpd;wd.
4. mKjRugp vd;Dk; njhd;kk; ,f;fhg;gpaj;jpy; Kf;fpa ,lj;ijg;ngWfpd;wJ.
5. MGj;jpudhy; Kjypy; ngwg;gl;L gpd;dh; kzpNkfiyapd; iff;F te;jjhf fhg;gpak;
$WfpwJ.

4. MGj;jpud; jpwd; mwptpj;jf;fhij
1. 13 tJ fhijahf ,lk;ngWfpwJ
2. mwtzh; njhOj fhij --( kzpNkfiy> khjtp> Rjkjpf;F mwtzh; mwnewp ciuf;fpd;w
gFjp)
3. mtd; ghj;jpuk; ngUtjw;F Kd;dUs;s nra;jpfs; kl;Lk; ,f;fhijapy; tpsf;fg;gLfpwJ.
4. MGj;jpwd; (gR kfd;)

5. MGj;jpud; tuyhW
1. kzpNkfiyf;F mwtzh; MGj;jpud; tuyhw;iwf; $Wk; gFjp
2. Ntjk; XJtpf;Fk; njhopypdd; mgQ;rpfd;
3. mgQ;rpfd; kidtp rhyp
4. nra;j Fw;wj;jpw;fhf njd;jpirf; Fkhpapy; ePuhbtpl;L tUfpwhs;
5. ghY}l;ba gR
6. tadq;NfhL vd;Dk; Chpy; cs;s ,sk;G+jpaplk; Nrh;jy;

6. MGj;jpudpd; tsh;gUtk;
1. Kg;GhpE}ypid mzpahjjd; Kd;ghfNt Ntjq;fis fw;wtd;
2. Ntjq;fis ed;Kiwapy; gapw;Wtpf;Fk; ,sk;G+jp
3. nfhiy Nts;tp fhZjy;
4. gRtpd; Jahpidf; fz;L mQ;Rjy;
5. tiyaplj;J mfg;gl;l khd;Nghd;W mQ;Rk; gR.

7. Kdpth;fspd; gpwg;Giuj;jy;
(gpwg;ghy; cah;T jho;T ,y;iy)
 mry Kdptd; - gRtpd; kfd;
 rpUq;fp Kdptd; - khdpd; kfd;
 tphpQ;rp Kdptd; - Gypapd; kfd;
 Nfrfk;gsd; - ehpapd; kfd;
 gRtpNdhL te;j ,opFyk; ahJ?

8. MGj;jpudpd; gpwg;ig me;jzd; gopj;Jiuj;jJ
 gpwg;gpd; ,ufrpaj;ij vLj;Jiuj;jy;
 ghHg;gdp xUj;jp Fkhpg;ngUe;nja;tj;jpd; ghjq;fis KiwNahL tzq;Fjy;
 rhypapd; CH
 fztid ePq;fpa epiy ciuj;jy;
 ghz;badpd; nfhw;ifahfpa Ng&H mUfpy; tUjy;
 ngw;w Foe;ijf;F ,uq;Fk; epiy ,y;yhjpUj;jy;
 mtSila kfNd ,td; vd gopj;Jiuj;jJ

9. MGj;jpudpd; eifg;G
1. caHe;j Ntjpahpd; Fykuig vLj;Jiuj;jy;
2. Njt fzpifahdahd jpNyhj;jikapd; Gj;jpuh;fs
3. jpNyhj;jikapd; kfd;fs; nghpa Kdpth;fshf ,Ue;Js;shh;fs;. jpNyhj;jikapd;
fhjw; rpWtHfs; ,UtH trpl;lUk; mfj;jpaUk;
4. ,J ngha;Aiu vd;why; rhypf;F kl;Lk; jtW VJ?
5. ehd;kiw kf;fisf; fz;L ,fo;r;rpNahL rphpj;jgbNa epd;whd;

10. MGj;jpud; Nfs;tpAk; me;jzH ,fo;r;rpAk;
1. gpw capHfs; tUj;jKWk; nraiyr; nra;jyhfhJ
2. gpwe;jehs; njhl;L rpwe;j jd; jPk;ghy;
3. gRNthL Ekf;F te;j gifik ahnjd tpdTjy;
4. gRtpd; kfdhf Mtjw;Nf chpatd;
5. eP ghHg;ghd; kfd; MfNt khl;lha;

11. MGj;jpud; mile;j Jd;gk;
1. me;jzH Fbf;Fg; nghUj;jkw;wtd;
2. ,sk;G+jpNa tPl;iltpl;L ntspNaw;wptpl;lhd;
3. ahfg; gRitf; ftHe;JNghd fs;td;
4. gpr;irg; ghj;jpuj;jpy; Nrhwplhky; fy;iyg; Nghl;ldH
5. kpFjpahd nry;tj;jhy; tpsf;FKw;NwhH thOk; njd;kJiu nry;yy;
(rpe;jhNjtpapd; Nfhtpypd; Kd;Nd cs;s mk;gyj;ij ,Ug;gplkhff; nfhz;L ,Uj;jy;);
6. rpe;jhNjtp jd; ifapypUe;j ghj;jpuk; xd;iw mtDf;F mspj;jJ.