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ENZYMES - WEEK 1.ppt
- 1. ENZYM ES
- 2. LEARNING COMPETENICES • Describe the components of an enzyme. • Determine how factors such as pH, temperature, and substrate affect enzyme activity.
- 3. IDENTIFY ME! Question: Based on the given equation below, which is reactant and which is the product?
- 4. Enzymes &Chemical Reactions • Examples: • Photosynthesis • Breaking down food • Can occur with the help of macromolecules called ENZYMES. ENZYMES REACTANTS PRODUCTS Enzyme names usually end in -ASE
- 5. What are Enzymes? Enzymes belong to the biomolecule group of PROTEINS 1. Spend one minute writing a list of characteristics an enzyme has if it is in the protein category. 2. Turn to your neighbor and discuss your list. 3. Improve the list you have on your notes and be prepared to share!
- 6. ENZYMES ARE Proteins… MADE OF AMINO ACID MONOMERS PEPTIDE BONDS CONTAIN NITROGEN
- 7. FUNCTION OF Enzymes • Enzymes are proteins that function as BIOLOGICAL CATALYSTS • This means they help to speed up chemical reactions • Enzymes are very specific and will only catalyze one specific chemical reaction. This means there are TONS of enzymes at work at all times!
- 8. FUNCTION OF Enzymes • Enzymes can work in different ways, some enzymes help breakdown large molecules into smaller ones, others build up large molecules from smaller ones and some enzymes help change one molecule into another.
- 9. VS.
- 10. Structure of Enzymes Enzyme Active Site Substrate Enzymes match with a substrate that fits like a puzzle at an active site. LABEL YOURS!
- 11. 1 The structure of enzymes and substrates are a “lock and key” model The molecules that bind to the enzyme are called substrates. The location where they bind (sit down) is called the active site. • After the enzyme and substrate bind it is called an enzyme-substrate complex. • The substrate may break apart or bond together to form a product. 2 3 Ex. DISACCHARIDE TURNS TO MONOSACCHARIDES STRUCTURE OF ENZYMES
- 13. Examples of Enzymes: 1. Protease > Proteins > Amino Acids 2. Carbohydrase > Carbohydrates > Glucose 3. Lipase > Fats > Fatty Acids / Glycerols
- 14. Factors that Affect Enzyme Action 1. Temperature- the rate of an enzyme increases with temperature. • If the temperature is too high, it can DENATURE (destroy) the shape of an enzyme so that it no longer fits the substrate.
- 15. Factors that Affect Enzyme Action 2. pH- enzymes work efficiently at a specific pH. • Enzymes in blood work best at a pH of 7 (neutral) • Enzymes in stomach work best at a pH of 2 (acid) • Enzymes in intestine work best at a pH of 8 (base)
- 17. Factors that Affect Enzyme Action • Chemical messengers called HORMONES can signal a cell to start or stop an enzyme from working.
- 18. Factors that Affect Enzyme Action • 4. INHIBITOR may prevent or slow the enzyme rate by blocking the active site where the substrate sits down!
- 19. Factors that Affect Enzyme Action •Temperature •pH •Hormones •Inhibitors
- 20. Examples of Biological Enzymes • Lipase — breaking down of fats (lipid) • Protease — breaking down of proteins • Cellulase — breaking down of fiber (cellulose) • Amylase — breaking down of starch (amylose)
- 21. Examples of Biological Enzymes • Lactase — breaking down of dairy products (lactose) • Sucrase — breaking down of sugar (sucrose) • Maltase — breaking down of grains (maltose)
- 22. ACTIVI TY
- 23. ENZYMES are PROTEINS Characteristics of proteins: Label: Describe the structure of an enzyme: FUNCTION of ENZYMES EXPLAIN the function of enzymes: FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE ENZYME ACTION:
Editor's Notes
- Which is reactant and which is product?
- Chemical reactions must occur continuously in living things! 6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2
- How THEY SPEED UP CHEMICAL REACTIONS? They lower the activation energy of reaction so it takes LESS energy for the reaction to take place. The enzyme wont change after the reaction takes place, it is recycled!
- LOCK AND KEY METHOD/MECHANISM
- pH means potential hydrogen. effectively a measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions (that is, protons) in a substance.
- Hormones are produced by endocrine glands. Hormones will travel through the bloodstream. The endocrine hormones help control mood, growth and development, the way our organs work, metabolism , and reproduction.
- Enzyme inhibitors are compounds which modify the catalytic properties of the enzyme and, therefore, slow down the reaction rate, or in some cases, even stop the catalysis. Such inhibitors work by blocking or distorting the active site. They reduce the substrate the capacity of the substrate to convert into product