Distribution and application of additive technologies and their role in economic development in the context of globalization

1. Matyakubova Parakhat Mailievna,
D.Sc, professor
Head of the Department of Metrology, standardization and
certification at Tashkent State Technical University
E-mail: tgtu_mss@rambler.ru, Phone: +998-97-740-67-97.
Tashkent State Technical University, Address: 2 Universitetskaya
st., 100095, Tashkent city, Republic of Uzbekistan

2. In recent years, work has been introduced in the Republic of Uzbekistan on the
development of housing and communal services and works on the improvement
of villages in accordance with the “Obod Qishloq” program. The main
advantages of using 3D technology in construction are:
• Saving. When using 3D technologies, there is a reduction in human labor
costs, construction time, and material consumption.
• Environmental friendliness. The amount of hazardous waste from
construction in this case is minimized.
• Quality. The program embedded in the 3D printer reduces the number of
miscalculations and also eliminates the human factor.
• Capabilities. With the help of 3D printing, any geometric solution can be
realized.

3. Additive technologies— technologies of layer-by-layer building up
and synthesis of objects.

4. In the early 1980s, new methods of manufacturing
parts began to develop, based not on the removal of
material as traditional machining technologies, but
on the layer-by-layer production of a product from a
three-dimensional model obtained in CAD by adding
material in the form of plastic, ceramic, metal
powders and their ligaments by thermal, diffusion or
adhesive method. A group of these technologies in
the West is called "additive manufacturing"

5. Jet supply
Extrusion feed
Bulk feed

6. Equipment in the fieldAMtechnologies are3D printersand they fall into
different categories:

7. Type of printer plus minus
Low cost, ideal for getting started with
the 3D printing process, easy to install
and set up.
This type of 3D printer does not have
a closed chamber. The absence of a
closed case immediately imposes a
restriction on the use of plastic types.
Larger print area, multiple extruders
make it possible to use different
colors and materials while printing the
same object, a wider choice of
materials.
higher cost. The presence of a more
complex design and components,
which is fraught with breakdowns.
Very high resolution, smooth printing
with detail accuracy up to 0.030 cm
and layer thickness of 0.003 cm.
The printing process is slower than
models based on FDM technology.
High material cost. Poor set of colors.
Can mix printing powders in different
colors. Some models can print with
metal powders.
Very expensive. Printing materials
are also expensive.

8. Although the technology is young, it already has many directions for
development. The main ones are:
Demonstration of the engine made
on a 3D printer

9. Plus
Reduced workflow and significant reduction in
production waste.
Reduction of materials for manufacturing and
cost of products.
Variety and individualization of products.
Manufacture of parts of high complexity.
Improved performance of the finished product.
Quick and easy staff training.
Production mobility.
Reducing the weight of parts.
Dimensional accuracy.
Minus
High price.
Surface quality.
Limited list of materials.
Cracks in the product.
Limited product size. (If you do not use
segment construction, which degrades
the quality of the product).
The quality and strength of products are
inferior to traditional casting and milling.

10. Strength and wear
resistance.
Surface accuracy and
quality
Low cost
Surface accuracy
and quality
Strength, any
product geometry
Various physical
properties

11. SphereAMtechnology is relatively young, so it has many directions for
development. For example, the main goals are:
• Cost reduction;
• Improving print speed;
• Surface quality improvement;
• Increasing Print Sizes;
• Introduction to new areas of life.

12. • The technology
works like this: a
laser beam is
directed to a
photopolymer,
after which the
material hardens.
• As a photopolymer,
a translucent
material is used,
which is deformed
under the influence
of atmospheric
moisture.
• Once cured, it can be
easily glued, machined
and painted. The working
table (elevator) is in a
container with a
photopolymer. After the
laser beam passes through
the polymer and the layer
hardens, the working
surface of the table moves
down.

13. • The sintering of powder reagents under the
action of a laser beam, also known as SLS, is the
only 3D printing technology that is used in the
manufacture of molds for both metal and plastic
casting.
• Plastic models have excellent mechanical
properties, thanks to which they can be used for
the manufacture of fully functional products.
SLS technology uses materials that are similar in
properties to the brands of the final product:
ceramics, powdered plastic, metal.
• The 3D printer device looks like this: powder
substances are applied to the surface of the
elevator and sintered under the action of a laser
beam into a solid layer that corresponds to the
parameters of the model and determines its
shape.

14. • DLP technology is new to the 3D
printing market.
Stereolithographic printers are
positioned today as the main
alternative to FDM equipment.
This type of printer uses digital
light processing technology.
Many people wonder what the
3d printer of this sample prints
with?
• Instead of a plastic filament and
a heating head, photopolymer
resins and a DLP projector are
used to create three-
dimensional figures.
• Despite the intricate name,
the device is almost no
different from other desktop
printers. Its developers,
represented by the company
• QSQM Technology
Corporation, have already
launched the first samples of
high-tech equipment into a
series. It looks like this:

15. • It makes it possible to create not only models, but
also final parts from standard, structural and high-
performance thermoplastics. It is the only
technology that uses production grade
thermoplastics to provide unparalleled mechanical,
thermal and chemical strength to parts.
• HPM printing stands out for its cleanliness, ease of
use and suitability for office use. Thermoplastic parts
are resistant to high temperatures, mechanical
stress, various chemicals, wet or dry environments.
• Soluble auxiliary materials allow you to create
complex multi-level shapes, cavities and holes that
would be problematic to obtain with conventional
methods. HPM 3D printers create parts layer by layer
by heating the material to a semi-liquid state and
extruding it according to computer-generated paths.
• When the 3D printer completes the creation of the
part, it remains to separate the auxiliary material
mechanically, or dissolve it with detergent, after
which the product is ready for use.

16. • These days, hand-printing fixtures are also
popular. Moreover, it would be correct to call
them not printing devices, but pens for drawing
three-dimensional objects.
• Pens are made in
the same way as
printers using
fusing
technology. The
plastic thread is
fed into the pen,
where it melts to
the desired
consistency and
is immediately
squeezed out
through a
miniature nozzle.

17. • In construction, there is every reason
to believe that in the near future the
process of erecting buildings will be
much faster and easier. Californian
engineers have created a 3D printing
system for large objects. It works on
the principle of a construction crane,
erecting walls from layers of concrete.
Such a printer can build a two-story
house in just 20 hours. After that, the
workers will only have to carry out
finishing work.

18. • In medicine, thanks to 3D printing
technologies, doctors have been able to
recreate copies of the human skeleton,
which allows them to more accurately
work out techniques that increase the
guarantees of successful operations.
• 3D printers are increasingly being used
in the field of prosthetics in dentistry, as
these technologies make it possible to
obtain prostheses much faster than
with traditional manufacturing.
• Not so long ago, German scientists
developed a technology for obtaining
human skin. In its manufacture, a gel
obtained from donor cells is used. And
in 2011, scientists managed to
reproduce a living human kidney.

19. • Additive technologies are an indispensable thing in the future. I am sure
that they will be involved in most areas of life.
• They have unlimited potential. it makes it possible to create something
currently complex (Created in several stages) to do in one stage of
printing.
• Although even now they are already of great importance in industry and
everyday life.

20. 1. Types of printers -https://3dpt.ru/page/3d-printer-types
2. Spheres of use of AM-technologies -
https://www.tadviser.ru/index.php/Article:
Additive_manufacturing_(Additive_Manufacturing)#
3. Pros and cons of AM -https://plusiminusi.ru/additivnye-texnologii-
chto-eto-plyusy-i-minusy/
4. Google photo
5. 3D printing in rocket science -https://zelenyikot.com/3d-printing-in-
astronautics/
6. Materials for 3D printing -
https://3d.globatek.ru/3d_printing_materials/