ENVISION

1. James L. Feldkamp
 Discusses U.S. Navy, FBI Special Agent, and Politics
 What the military, and FBI look for in recruitment, and
benefits of public service
 Theory and Politics of Terrorism. Why people become
terrorist, and the state of radical Islamic terrorism
(aka Jihadist) after 9/11

2. Fly Navy!

3. FBI

4. Politics

5. AA Flight 11UA Flight 175
Terrorism
Hostes Generis Humani
(The Enemies of Mankind)

6. 2012-2013 ©James L. Feldkamp. All rights reserved
Lord Palmerstone (circa 1848) ~
"We have no eternal allies, and we have no perpetual enemies.
Our interests are eternal and those interests it is our duty to
follow.”
The views herein expressed do not reflect the views of the US
Department of Defense or any other US Government
Department or Agency
“Nature abhors a vacuum” ~Aristotle

7. 2012-2013 ©James L. Feldkamp. All rights reserved
BACKUP SLIDES

8. 2012-2013 ©James L. Feldkamp. All rights reserved
"I shall not today attempt further to define the kinds of material
I understand to be embraced within that shorthand description,
and perhaps I could never succeed in intelligibly doing so.
But I know it when I see it!”
~Potter Stewart, Associate Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court
(Jacobellis v. Ohio in 1964)
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Modern terrorism began during the French Revolution (1793-1794)
 Maximilian Robespierre introduce government-sponsored terror in
order to maintain power and suppress opposition to the government
 Shares at least two key characteristics with the modern-day variant;
1. Regime de la terreur: Neither random nor indiscriminate, but was
organized, deliberate, and systematic
2. Goal: Creation of a “new and better society” in place of a
fundamentally corrupt and undemocratic political system
Robespierre

9. 2012-2013 ©James L. Feldkamp. All rights reserved
9
Irrational Anxiety
Atavistic: Worldview that extols an ideal societal existence
in some mythical pristine past
Manichean: Battle between good and evil
 Terrorism: Meant to serve a strategy of coercion
 Violent intellectuals - motivated by a political agenda!
 Tool of the weak, used to oppose the rule….of a superior power
 It is a business: A supply side and a demand side
 Violence Prone Extremists:
 Adoption of a violent belief system for societal transformation
 Rejection of normal political channels for instituting change

10. A Definition of Terrorism
Not just Criminals, Crazy’s and Crusaders!
Violence (or threat thereof) against civilians (or those who cannot defend
themselves) for a Political purpose aimed against a legitimate political order.
 Recipe:
1. Violence (or threat thereof)
2. Civilians
3. Political
So….can terrorism work ?

11. 2012-2013 ©James L. Feldkamp. All rights reserved
In 1940, Shamir sided with the more militant faction, Lehi, headed by
Avraham Stern.[1]In secret contacts with German to open up a military
front against the British in the Middle East in return for the expulsion
(rather than extermination) of the Jewish population of Europe to
Palestine.[2] After Stern was killed Shamir became one of the three leaders
of the group reforming it as "Lehi". As one of Lehi's triumvirate, he
authorized the assassination of the UN representative Count Bernadotte,
who was seen by Shamir as an anti-Zionist and "an obvious agent of the
British enemy.”
7th Prime Minister of Israel
Leader of the Irgun faction. He proclaimed a revolt, on February
1, 1944, against the British mandatory government. He played a
significant role in Jewish resistance against the British control in
the waning years of the mandate, leading the more militant
faction within Zionism.6
6th Prime Minister of Israel
Mandela was an anti-apartheid activist, and the leader of Umkhonto we
Sizwe, the armed wing of the African National Congress (ANC). In 1962
arrested and convicted of sabotage and other charges, and sentenced to
life in prison. Mandela served 27 years in prison.6
President of South Africa

12. 2012-2013 ©James L. Feldkamp. All rights reserved
 Exploit gaps in regulation for repugnant goods / services
 Unrestrained by law, morality, cash, and taking advantage of technology
Illicit networks:
 Trafficking:
o Drugs ($400 Billion - $1 Trillion a year)
o Weapons ($10 billion per year - 639 million arms globally)
o Humans ($9.5 billion annually)
 Counterfeiting (Estimated $500 billion per year. Ration 1:10 )
 Excised Goods (Cigarettes)
 Environmental Crimes
“It is about defending the integrity of the system of viable sovereign states and the fundamental
structure of global order.” ~ Michael Miklaucic and Moisés Naím
Deviant Globalization

13. 2012-2013 ©James L. Feldkamp. All rights reserved
13
Religion
“If God is for us, who can be against us?“ Romans 8:28-31
“Caedite eos. Novit enim Dominus qui sunt eius.” ~Arnaud Amalric @ 1209
 Definition:
1. Service and worship of God or the supernatural
2. Personal set /institutional system of attitudes, beliefs & practices
3. A cause, principle, or system of beliefs held to with ardor and faith
 Idealistic:
 Sense of self-worth & self-importance by teaching that they are special
 In spiritualizing violence religion gives the act remarkable power
 Influence of religion permeates every aspect of a member’s daily life
* Provides the rationale for behavior, it legitimizes the use of violence!

14. 2012-2013 ©James L. Feldkamp. All rights reserved
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 Publicity is the Oxygen of Terrorism.
 Media transmits messages simultaneously to three targets.
1. The native population;
o The media transmits messages of power.
2. The population targeting with terrorism;
o You are vulnerable anywhere/anytime and government cannot
guarantee
3. Geared towards international public opinion;
o Audience that isn’t involved in and observes the events on the
sidelines
 Remember: It isn’t important what the world says, the main thing is that
they talk about you – Bad Press is Better Thank No Press at ALL
Media

15. 2012-2013 ©James L. Feldkamp. All rights reserved
 David Rapport: Four waves in evolution of terrorism
1. Breakup of empires (WWI)
2. De-colonization (WWII)
3. Anti-Westernism (Cold War) *
4. Religious motivated terrorism (20th Century Globalization)
* End of the Cold War removed many of the last barriers to globalization
o Defining moment in the evolution of modern terrorism
• Most importantly in the area terrorist financing
Drivers of Insecurity and Illegality (Convergence) Drivers for Instability and Terrorism
• Globalization
• Religion
• Organized Crime
• Migration
• State Sponsor
• Demographics
• Globalization
• Population growth and Demographic Trends
• Urbanization
• Natural Resources and Global Climate Change
The New Century

16. Ottoman Empire 1914

17. Sykes-Picot Agreement 1916 The Balfour Declaration 1917
Foreign Secretary Arthur James Balfour
& Lord Lionel Rothschild
King of Hejaz,
Sharif of Mecca King of Iraq King of Jordan
Husayn ibn Ali Faisal Abdullah

18. 18
1979: Momentous year for relations between the democratic nations
of the West and the Arab and Muslim world
1. Witnessed the establishment of a theocratic dictatorship in Iran
2. Extremists set siege to the Grand Mosque in Mecca, to “cleanse”
the holiest sites in Islam from the influence of the apostate House of
Saud
3. USSR invaded Afghanistan (MAK, proto-AQ, created)

19. Howard Dean:
“These terrorists are about as Muslim as I am”

20. 2012-2013 ©James L. Feldkamp. All rights reserved
20
The Black banner, or Standard, of Islam as an idea goes back to the 8th century,
when the Second Dynasty of Islam came to power with black banners”
The two Arabic phrases, the black color of the flag and even the ancient
looking font of the Arabic all work to evoke an image of the historical
Islamic caliphate, the massive state that ISIS claims to have resurrected.
Shahada (Declaration of
faith): “There is no God
but God, Muhammad is
the messenger of God.”
2nd part of the Shahada:
"Muhammad is the Messenger of
God (represents the official seal of
the Prophet Muhammad).

21. Violent
Islamists
The Current Dangerous and Fallacious Threat Analysis
“Pure” Islamists Political Islamists Violent Islamists
Pure
Islamists
Political
Islamists
Quintan Wiktorowicz’s argument:
The REALITY:

22. One Enemy: One Goal
Violent Jihadists
AQAM, Al Shabaab, etc.
Non-Violent Jihadists:
Muslim Brotherhood
Undemocratic
Theocracies
Strategic Goal
From: Dr. Sebastian Gorka

23. Mohammed
via Ali and
Fatima
Mohammed
(622)
ISLAM
Shia Muslims: Choose to follow a line of Imams
which they believe have been appointed by Prophet
Muhammad or God Himself.
"Shia" comes from the Arabic word "Shia-t-Ali,“
or "the Party of Ali”.
Shia
End of WWI
(1918)
Caliph
Ali
656-661
Caliph
Umar
634-644
Caliph
Uthman
644-656
“rightlyguidedcaliphs"
Sunni (75%)
Sunni Muslims: New leader should be elected
from among those capable of doing the job.
"Sunni" in Arabic comes from a word meaning
“One who follows the traditions of the Prophet.”
Sunni vs. Shia: What’s the DIFF?
Ayatollah Ali Khamen
Ayatollah
Ruhollah Khomeini
Father-in-law,
Cousin & son-in-law,
Ali ibn Abi Talib
Jaysh al-Mahdi,

24. Sunni vs. Shia
What’s the Difference?
Islam was founded by Mohammed.
In 622 he founded the first Islamic state, a theocracy in
Medina, a city in Saudi Arabia located north of Mecca.
Sunni’s: Believe that the first four caliphs-Mohammed's successors- rightfully took his
place as the leaders of Muslims.
 Recognize the heirs of the four Caliphs as legitimate religious leaders.
 Ruled continuously in the Arab world until end of the Ottoman Empire following
the end of the First World War.
Shiites: Believe that only the heirs of the fourth caliph, Ali, are the legitimate
successors of Mohammed.
Here Ali becomes the central figure at the origin of the Shia / Sunni split which
occurred almost immediately following the death of the Prophet in 632.
 Sunnis regard Ali as the fourth and last of the "rightly guided caliphs"
following on from Abu Bakr 632-634, Umar 634-644 and Uthman 644-656.
 Shias feel that Ali should have been the first Caliph and that the Caliphate
should pass down only to direct descendants of Mohammed via Ali and Fatima

25. Sunni vs. Shia
(e.g. the Hatfield's and McCoy’s)
When Uthman was murdered while at prayer, Ali finally succeeded to the Caliphate.
Mu'awiya Ummayad, (Uthman's cousin and governor of Damascus) refused to
recognize Ali until Uthman's killers had been apprehended.
Meanwhile: Ali's elder son Hassan accepted a pension in return for not pursuing his
claim to the Caliphate. He died within a year, allegedly poisoned.
Ali's younger son Hussein agreed to put his claim to the Caliphate on hold until
Mu'awiya's death.
 However, when Mu'awiya finally died in 680, his son Yazid usurped the Caliphate.
So a bitter and angry Hussein, who had his title stolen, led an army against Yazid but,
hopelessly outnumbered, he and his men were slaughtered at the Battle of Karbala (in
modern day Iraq).
 However, Hussein's infant son, Ali, survived so the line continued.

26. 2012-2013 ©James L. Feldkamp. All rights reserved
Strategy: Warnings from the Masters
 Sun Tzu (6-5th Century BC)
 “Know the Enemy AND yourself…..”
 “Tactics without Strategy is the Noise before Defeat.”
 Frederick the Great, 1749
 “He who defends everything defends nothing”
 Carl von Clausewitz (1780 -1837)
 “The first responsibility of the Commander is
to know what kind of war he is fighting”