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微生物之生長曲線微生物之生長曲線
11 微生物生長模式微生物生長模式
1.1 生殖 (Reproduction)
微生物在適當環境下攝取足 養分夠 ,使細胞長大
,也會進行繁殖,因此 生長 包含 :
1. 個別細胞之生長與繁殖
2. 微生物族群之增加
微生物生殖分為 :
1. 有性生殖 (sexual reproduction): 雌、雄細胞發
生融合及交換遺傳物質
2. 無性生殖 (asexual reproduction):
出芽生殖 (budding) 、二分裂生殖法 (binary
fission) 、分支生殖法 (branching) 、絲狀生殖
法 (mycelial growth) 或尖端生長 (apical
1.2 微生物生長之測定方法
一、細胞數量之測法
1. 抹片顯微鏡計數法
2. 特殊玻片顯微鏡計數法 : 血球計數器
3. 平板測定法 : 培養皿,菌落 30-300 個
4. 薄膜過濾計數法 : 0.45µm 濾膜,菌落
<200 個
二、細胞重量之測法
1. 細胞乾重法 2. 濁度法 3. 含量測定法氮
三、菌體活性測定
ATP 、脫 酵素活性、 氣攝取率氫 氧
1.3 微生物之生長曲線
一、以菌數和時間作圖
在批次培養情形下,可以菌數和時間作圖
,得生長曲線。
實驗以批次培養方式進行
• 遲滯期 (lag phase): 微生物正適應新環境,吸收養份以合成新細胞,細
胞雖變大,但仍未分裂,故細胞數目無明顯增加。
• 對數期 (logarithmic phase): 細胞呈幾何級數增加,菌之生理較一致,為
微生物實驗最佳時期。
• 穩定期 (stationary phase): 微生物代謝,消耗養分、同時產生代謝毒物
,造成新分裂與死亡之菌數約略相等,因此菌數沒太大改變。
• 死滅期 (death phase): 養分已漸消耗完畢,而代謝毒物累積更多,造成
新生菌數遠小於死亡菌數,因此菌數遞減。
二、以比生長速率和時間作圖
比生長速率 µ = X
1
dt
dX
步驟說明 :
1. 取 0.1g 之酵母菌加入 100mL 培養液;
2. 取菌液加入比色管,測其吸光 ,此時為值 0 時之吸光 ;同時將部份值
菌液做連續稀釋,選一濃度之菌液做塗 或倒 ,次日計算其菌數;碟 碟
3. 加入 2g 葡萄糖 (glucose) 至菌液中,經 15-20 分後,再取菌液測其吸
光 , 如此重覆至少值 6 次。每次皆用部份菌液做菌數計算,如上所
述。
4. 完成後以吸光 跟時間作圖,吸光 及總菌數作圖值 值 ( 並求其直線方程
氏 ) 及總菌數跟時間作圖;
5. 討論各圖之意義。
6. 如已作過直接計數法之組,應以當時所得直線方程式結果,將此次
之吸光 ,代入,求菌數,比較兩者之結果。值

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微生物之生長曲線

  • 2. 11 微生物生長模式微生物生長模式 1.1 生殖 (Reproduction) 微生物在適當環境下攝取足 養分夠 ,使細胞長大 ,也會進行繁殖,因此 生長 包含 : 1. 個別細胞之生長與繁殖 2. 微生物族群之增加 微生物生殖分為 : 1. 有性生殖 (sexual reproduction): 雌、雄細胞發 生融合及交換遺傳物質 2. 無性生殖 (asexual reproduction): 出芽生殖 (budding) 、二分裂生殖法 (binary fission) 、分支生殖法 (branching) 、絲狀生殖 法 (mycelial growth) 或尖端生長 (apical
  • 3. 1.2 微生物生長之測定方法 一、細胞數量之測法 1. 抹片顯微鏡計數法 2. 特殊玻片顯微鏡計數法 : 血球計數器 3. 平板測定法 : 培養皿,菌落 30-300 個 4. 薄膜過濾計數法 : 0.45µm 濾膜,菌落 <200 個 二、細胞重量之測法 1. 細胞乾重法 2. 濁度法 3. 含量測定法氮 三、菌體活性測定 ATP 、脫 酵素活性、 氣攝取率氫 氧
  • 5. 實驗以批次培養方式進行 • 遲滯期 (lag phase): 微生物正適應新環境,吸收養份以合成新細胞,細 胞雖變大,但仍未分裂,故細胞數目無明顯增加。 • 對數期 (logarithmic phase): 細胞呈幾何級數增加,菌之生理較一致,為 微生物實驗最佳時期。 • 穩定期 (stationary phase): 微生物代謝,消耗養分、同時產生代謝毒物 ,造成新分裂與死亡之菌數約略相等,因此菌數沒太大改變。 • 死滅期 (death phase): 養分已漸消耗完畢,而代謝毒物累積更多,造成 新生菌數遠小於死亡菌數,因此菌數遞減。
  • 7.
  • 8.
  • 9.
  • 10.
  • 11. 步驟說明 : 1. 取 0.1g 之酵母菌加入 100mL 培養液; 2. 取菌液加入比色管,測其吸光 ,此時為值 0 時之吸光 ;同時將部份值 菌液做連續稀釋,選一濃度之菌液做塗 或倒 ,次日計算其菌數;碟 碟 3. 加入 2g 葡萄糖 (glucose) 至菌液中,經 15-20 分後,再取菌液測其吸 光 , 如此重覆至少值 6 次。每次皆用部份菌液做菌數計算,如上所 述。 4. 完成後以吸光 跟時間作圖,吸光 及總菌數作圖值 值 ( 並求其直線方程 氏 ) 及總菌數跟時間作圖; 5. 討論各圖之意義。 6. 如已作過直接計數法之組,應以當時所得直線方程式結果,將此次 之吸光 ,代入,求菌數,比較兩者之結果。值