-

1. * GB785648 (A)
Description: GB785648 (A) ? 1957-10-30
Improvements in or relating to bolting means
Description of GB785648 (A)
PATENT SPECIFICATION
iwventor: RALPH JOHN SHIRE -vadt Date of filing Complete
Specification: Jan 19, 1956.
t O I / Application Date: Jan19, 1955 No 1687/55.
Complete Specification Published: Oct 30, 1957.
Index at acceptance:-Class 89 ( 1), A( 1 A: 7).
International Classification:-FO 6 b.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
Improvements in or relating to Bolting Means We, ROLLS-ROYCE LIMITED,
of Nightingale Road, Derby, a British Company, do hereby declare the
invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and
the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly
described in and by the following statement: -
This invention relates to bolting means In certain cases it is desired
to secure two parts together by bolts or the like, where one side of
the joint is inaccessible during assembly.
In such a case, where for example two flange members are to be secured
together, the flange on the side of the joint which is inaccessible
may be provided with studs and the other flange may be formed with
drilled holes at locations corresponding to the studs, the studs
passing through the drilled holes and engaging with nuts to hold the
two flanges together.
An object of the present invention is to provide bolting means for a
joint of which one side is inaccessible which avoids the necessity for
the use of studs.
According to the present invention there is provided a drilled hole at
a corresponding location in each of the parts to be joined so that the
holes are aligned on assembly, and the part on the side of the joint
which is inaccessible on assembly has a groove formed on its face
remote from the abutting faces of the parts and adjacent the drilled

2. hole therein, and there is provided a setscrew and nut for each pair
of the aligned drilled holes, the setscrew having an eccentric head so
that prior to assembly of the parts it may be entered into the hole in
the part in which the groove is formed, and rotated to bring that part
of the head which is farthest from the axis of the setscrew into the
groove so as to prevent withdrawal of the setscrew from the hole and
means are provided to prevent the setscrew turning while the nut is
being tightened thereon Usually there will be a plurality of setscrews
and the same number of pairs of drilled holes There may be a separate
groove for each setscrew, or a continuous groove for a number of
setscrews.
According to a feature of the invention the eccentric head of each of
the setscrews may 50 be formed as a basically circular head concentric
with the axis of the setscrew but having a segment removed to form a
flat on the head The segment which is removed will be less than a
semicircle, and is preferably 55 such that the flat is at a greater
distance from the axis of the setscrew than the radius of the shank of
the setscrew.
Preferably the second or other part is formed with a flange which
extends parallel 60 to the axis of the drilled holes therein to engage
with the flats on the heads of the cooperating setscrews thereby to
prevent rotation of the setscrews about their axes and disengagement
of the heads from the groove or 65 grooves.
The invention is particularly applicable to a joint between two parts
having peripheral flanges which abut one another and in which are
formed a plurality of drilled holes 70 through which pass a
corresponding number of setscrews.
An example of this invention is illustrated in the accompanying
drawing.
Figure 1 is a section through part of the 75 intake duct and
associated parts of an internal combustion turbine engine.
Figure 2 is a section on the line II-II of Figure 1.
An intake duct 10 is bounded by an inner 80 wall 11 which forms the
casing of a reduction gear (not shown) and an outer wall 12 to which
is secured the casing 13 of an oil tank 14 Casing 13 is secured to the
wall 12 at its outer perimeter by means of a thickened por 85 tion 15
drilled with a series of tapped holes into which studs 16 are inserted
by which the casing 13 is secured to a radially-extending flange 17 on
the wall 12 by nuts 18 and washers 19 90 At its inner perimeter the
oil tank casing 13 is secured to the wall 12 by means according 785 M
648 2 785,648 to this invention.
For this purpose wall 12 is provided with a cylindrical external
flange 19 carrying a radially-extending flange 20.
An annular groove 21 is formed in flange 19 at the base of flange 20

3. Casing wall 13 is provided with a radial flange 22 which is adapted to
abut against the right-hand face of flange 20, (as seen in Fig 1) and
an annular axially-extending flange 23 which is adapted to fit closely
around the external perimeter of flange 20 and to project further to
the left.
The end of annular flange 23 is chamfered as shown at 24.
Flanges 20 and 22 are drilled axially to receive a series of setscrews
25 These setscrews have circular heads 26 from which a segment is cut
to form a flat 27 (see Figure 2) This flat performs two functions.
Firstly it enables the setscrew to be moved into the position shown in
Figure 1, the flat portion on insertion being nearest to flange 19
thus allowing the setscrew to clear the outer wall 28 of the groove 21
The setscrew is then rotated until the uncut portion of the head lies
within the groove and the setscrew head will then be trapped axially
by the groove and the setscrew will be held against axial displacement
while the casing 13 is being placed in position.
The second function that the flats perform is that when the setscrews
have been rotated through 180 into the position shown in Figures 1 and
2, the flat portions 27 abut against the inner perimeter of flange 23
and thus prevent the setscrews turning when nuts 29 are tightened on
their outer ends, thus clamping flange 22 to flange 20 and securing
the casing in position Washers between nuts 29 and flange 22 are shown
at 30.
On assembly the setscrews are first trapped in the grooves 21 and
rotated till the flats 27 are in a position to pass inside flange 23.
As the casing 13 is offered up to wall 12 the axial flange 23 extends
beyond the flange and will engage with the flats 27 If a setscrew
should have inadvertently been rotated so that its flat is not
substantially tangential to the periphery of casing 12, the axial
flange 23 will not pass beyond the flange and the setscrew must be
rotated to its correct position Then as the flange 22 of the second
casing part 13 is moved towards flange 20, so flange 23 will move over
the heads of the setscrews and will thus prevent their rotation and
prevent the disengagement of the heads of the setscrews from the
eroove 21 The shanks of the setscrews will meanwhile pass through the
holes in flange 22 Nuts 29 will then be engaged with the setscrews to
secure the parts together.
It will be appreciated that the studs 16 in the thickened portion 15
of wall 13 will be passed through the holes in the flange 17 at the
same time as the setscrews 25 pass through the holes in flange 22.
It will be seen that the heads 26 of the setscrews 25 are on the side
of the joint which is inaccessible during assembly, and that the use
of studs at this joint is avoided with a 70 consequent reduction of
weight and manufacturing cost.

4. The invention is also applicable where a joint is made between the
outer peripheral flanges of two part's, for example at the outer 75
perimeter of wall 13, replacing the stud fixing illustrated in Figure
1 Also, instead of a continuous shallow peripheral groove, as is the
groove 21, there might be provided a separate groove for each setscrew
80 The head of the setscrew may also be of different shape, for
example it may be in the form of a circle machined eccentric to the
axis of the shank of the setscrew.
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* GB785649 (A)
Description: GB785649 (A) ? 1957-10-30
Improvements in or relating to devices for feeding fluids into pipe lines
under pressure
Description of GB785649 (A)
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
Improvements in or relating to Devices for Feeding Fluids into
Pipe Lines under Pressure
We, METAL AND PIPELINE ENDURANCE
LIMITED, a British Company, of 22, Queen
Anne's Gate, London, S.W.1, and ARTHUR
CECIL VIVIAN, A British Subject, of the same address, do hereby
declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted,
to us, and the method by which it is to ge performed, to be
particularly described in and by tile following Statement : -
This invention relates: to devices for feed ing fluids imo pipe lines
under pressure and particularly for feeding, into compressed air
lines, a fluid medium of such a character as will enable an air leak

5. in the pipe line readily to be detected: for example, the medium
employed may comprise carbon tetrachloride or chlorine in liquid form,
or other forms of detecting liquid may be employed.
The pipe lines may be filled with gases or fluids and the medium may
be liquid or gas.
For example, carbon tetrachloride may be introduced into an air line,
whilst gaseous or liquid chlorine may be introduced into a water line
and yet again, di- or mono-fluoromonochloromethane known as arcton gas
or carbon tetrachloride or chlorine into, an oil line for the purpose
of detecting leaks.
According to this invention a device for feeding fluid into a pipe
line under pressure comprises a closed container' for a liquid, a pipe
one end of which extends into' the container terminating above the
liquid. therein and the other communicates with the pipe line, a
second pipe communicating with the bottom of the container and
communicating through an adjustable feed nozzle or control valve with
the pipe line under pressure and% or with a supply pipe for gas, and a
sighting device in said second pipeline.
Preferably the container is located above said pipe line. In the case
where the second pipe from the container communicates with the pipe
line under pressure, it will be appreciated that when the adjustable
feed nozzle of the control valve opens the head of liquid in the
container will cause the liquid to be fed at a controlled rate into
the pipe line; thus where the device is arranged for feeding a tracer
liquid for detecting leaks, that liquid is stored in the container.
In the case where the second pipe is connected solely to a supply of
gas then the gas will require to be at a higher pressure than that
prevailing in the pipe line and will also require to be insoluble in
said liquid. In such an arrangement when the adjustable feed nozzle or
control valve is open the gas will bubble up through the liquid in the
container and then pass downwardly to the first pipe into the pipe
line.
In the case where the second pipe communicates both with the pipeline
under pressure and with a supply of gas, the gas again will be at a
higher pressure than that prevailing in the pipe line and may be
soluble in said liquid, the supply pipe for gas being provided with a
control valve in addition to the control valve associated with the
second pipe. With this arrangement immediately the gas enters the
second pipe it becomes dissolved in the liquid and the solution is fed
at a controlled rate through the valve in the second pipe into the
pipe line.
For example, in the case where the second pipe communicates solely
with the pipe line under pressure, the aforesaid adjustable feed
nozzle or control valve may comprise a drip feed, the drips being

6. arranged to fail past a sighting window in the pipe.
In the case where the second pipe communicates both with a gas supply
and with the pipe line under pressure the gas supply pipe which isl
controlled by the aforesaid con- trol valve is arranged to extend into
the second pipe and terminate opposite a sighting window so that the
gas, as it issues from said pipe and before it becomes dissolved in
the liquid, is visible in the form of bubbles, whereafter the solution
is fed through the aS justable nozzle or control valve into the pipe
line under pressure.
In the case where the second pipe is in communication with a supply of
insoluble gas the gas supply pipe 'extends in an upward direction into
the second pipe and terminates opposite a sighting window so that the
bubbles of gas can be seen when they issue from the supply whereafter
they pass upwardly into the container and then downwardly through the
first pipe into the aforesaid pipe line under pressure. of
In any of the arrangements referred to above, the first said pipe is
preferably provided with a control valve.
In the arrangement where the second' pipe is connected to the pipe
line under pressure a short conduit may be provided having couplings
at its ends arranged for connection in said pipe line and ! from which
conduit extend the two aforesaid pipes at locations spaced apart along
the length of the conduit.
The following is a description of various embodiments of the
invention, reference being made to the accompanying, drawing in
'which:
Teach of Figures 1 to 3 are diagrammatic side elevations of, three
different types of apparatus. ;
Figure 4 is a more detailed cross sectional view of the arrangement
such as is shown in
Figure 1, and
Figure 5 is an upended vertical section through the sighting device on
the line 5-5 of
Figure 4.
The arrangement shown in figure 1 is suitable for feeding a liquid
tracer into a gas or air pipeline. There is connected in the pipeline,
a short conduit 10 having suitable connections 11 and 12 at its ends
for that purpose.
Disposed above the conduit 10 is a dosed container 13 for the liquid
tracer 14. The pipe 15 is provided with a control valve 16 and extends
upwardly from the conduit 10 and projects rough the bottom of the
container 13 terminating above the liquid level therein.
A second pipe 17 extends from the bottom of the container and
communicates through a control valve 18 and a drip feed sighting
device 19 with another part of the conduit 10. With this arrangement

7. assuming both the valves 16 and 18 are open', pressure in the gas or
air line will be communicated to the top of the closed container and
force the liquid tracer through the control valve 18 and drip feed
device into the gas or air line.
The arrangement shown in Figure 2, is suitable for feeding an
insoluble gas tracer into a gas or air line and has similar parts 101
to 16 to those of Figure 1. The container, however, is not filled with
tracer liquid but a simple liquid such as water As in the previous
construction, a pipe 17 extends from the bottom of the container but
does not communicate with the conduit, 10 but is closed at its lower
end 20, This pipe becomes full of water and projecting up through the
closed end is a small pipe 21 which receives a supply of tracer gas
through. a control cock 22. The tracer gas bubbles up through the
water past a sighting window 19 up through the liquid in the container
13 then down through the pipe 15 and ! control cock 16 into the gas or
air pipe line.
The arrangement shown in Figure 3 is suitable for feeding into a gas
or liquid pipe line a Itracer gas which is soluble in the liquid
contained in the container 13., The parts 10 to 19 are all similar to
those shown in Figure 1 with the exception that the control cock 18 is
disposed beaveen the sighting device and the conduit 10 The tracer gas
is fed through a control cock 23. and small pipe line 24 to the pipe
117. The small pipe line 24 extends up to the neighbourhood of the
sighting window and thus bubbles of the gas will appear in the window
before they become dissolved in the liquid flowing into the pipe line.
Figures 4 and 5 show more in detail an embodiment of .the construction
described with reference to Figures 1 and 3. It is an essentidal
feature of that arrangement that the pressure equalising pipe 15 and
the valve 16 in this first pipe shall be open when liquid from the
container 13, or a solution of dissolved gas, flows by gravity down
the second pipe 17.
The main body of the device shown in
Figure 4 comprises an upright hollow cylinder 25 of about 18 inches in
lenth and 4 inches in internal diameter An internal partition 26 is
securedi within the cylinder at about 3 inches from the upper end,
which end may be closed by a removable cap 27 lined with a rubber
wathir 28. The conduit 10 extends through the cylinder at ithe lower
end thereof and is provided with the couplings 11 and ! 12 for
connection with a compressed air pipe, line One part of the pipe 15
extends up through the aforesaid partition 26 terminating close to the
closure cap 27. The other end of this pipe projects beneath the
partition 2g, is provided with a coupling for connecting it to the
other part of the pipe 15 which extends dlonvnwardly. This down-
wardly-extending part of the pipe is connected to one part of the

8. valve casing 16 and another part of the valve casing is connected with
another part of the pipe 15 which ccmmuni- cates with the aforesaid
conduit 10. A control spindle 40 for the valve extends out through a
hole in the wall of the hollow cylinder 25.
Another short length of the pipe 17 extends through the aforesaid
partition 26, terminating close to the bottom thereof, and the lower
end of this pipe is coupled to the casing 18 of a needle valve. The
spindle 41 of the needle valve extends out through a hole in the wall
;of the cylinder. The outlet from the needle valve delivers into a
small nozzle 29 which extends downwardly into an upper vertical limb
30 of a cross-shaped pipe shown in
Figure 5, which limb is disposed within the cylinder 25.. The lower
part of the needle valve casing is connected to this limb. The lower
vertical limb 31 of the cross pipe is provided with a coupling 32 for
connection with another downwardly-extending pipe constituting an
extension of the pipe 17 which communicates with the aforesaid
compressed air conduit 10. The other two horizontally-extending limbs
33, 34, of the cross pipe extend out through holes in the wall of the
cylinder 25 and the extremity of each limb is provided with a flange
35. The outer face of each flange is recessed to receive a sighting
glass 36. A retaining plate 37 with a hole 38 therein is arranged on
the outer side of each sighting glass and is clamped to the flange 35
by bolts 39 which extend through holes ; in 'the plate and flange.
With this arrangement, by looking through a hole 318, in 'one lof the
plates, the discharge from the feed nozzle can Ibe seen. An electric
torch may be arranged opposite the other hole to facilitate
inspection. The rate of feed can be adjusted by adjustment of the two
valves 16 and 17.
In modifying the above apparatus so as to dispense liquid in which gas
has been dissolved, the needle valve 18 is dispensed with and a pipe
connected through a control valve with a supply of gas takes its place
while the second control valve is arranged to be connected to the
lower vertical limb of the cross pipe as shown in Figure 3.
The apparatus can also be equally well adapted for feeding insoluble
gas, in which case the lower vertical limb of the cross pipe 31 is
connected to a valve controlled supply pipe for the gas. The pipe
connected between the lower vertical limb of the cross member and the
conduit is eliminated or shut off.
What we claim. is:
1. A device for feeding fluid into a pipe line under pressure
comprising a closed container for a liquid, a pipe one end of which
extends into the container and terminates above the liquid therein and
the other end of which pipe communicates with the pipe line, and a
second pipe which communicates with the bottom lof the container and

9. also communicates through an ad- justable feed nozzle or control valve
with the pipe line under pressure and/or with a supply pipe for gas
and a sighting device in said second pipe line.
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* GB785650 (A)
Description: GB785650 (A) ? 1957-10-30
Improvements in and relating to surface scaling
Description of GB785650 (A)
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The EPO does not accept any responsibility for the accuracy of data
and information originating from other authorities than the EPO; in
particular, the EPO does not guarantee that they are complete,
up-to-date or fit for specific purposes.
PATENT SPECIFICATION
Inventors: BRIAN CHAPMAN FRITH and JAMES WILLIAM GREEN 785650 Date of
filing Complete Specification: March 21, 1956.
Application Date: April I, 1955.
No 9523/55.
Complete Specification Published: Oct 30, 1957.
Index at acceptance:-Class 91, D 2 (A: D: H: Q).
International Classification:-Clld.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
Improvements, in and relating to Surface Scaling We, J M COLLETT &
COMPANY LIMITED, of Bristol Road, Gloucester, a British Company, do

10. hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be
granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be
particularly described in and by the following statement: -
This invention relates to the removal of scale of the kind commonly
known as 'beerstone' such as is produced on the containing and other
surfaces against which foodstuff materials are stored or processed,
due primarily to the formation of calcium oxalate, as for example in
the fermentation of malt wort or beer, in the evaporation of milk and
cane or beet sugar solutions, in the storage of wine and the
manufacture of vinegar, pickles and sauces Such scale is not only very
hard, intractable and extremely insoluble but, owing to its rough and
uneven texture, tends to become augmented by such additional matter as
yeast, casein and the like.
Besides its unsightliness and the difficulty to which it gives rise in
cleaning the affected surfaces, scale of this kind is also liable to
harbour undesirable microorganisms and to interfere with heat transfer
and fluid flow, as for example in the case of evaporator tubes.
Removal of the scale is desirable or necessary for these various
reasons and although it can be effected mechanically as by chipping,
scouring or grinding, these operations are both tedious and likely to
result in damage to the underlying surface Chemical removal methods
have therefore been sought, in which connection it is already known
that the scale can be dissolved by strong sulphuric acid to which an
oxidizing agent such as strong nitric acid has been added It has also
been suggested to include in a scale removing solution, ordinary
ammonium sulphate and sulphuric acid together with ammonium
persulphate, worked up with clay to form a brushable paste.
The present invention is concerned with the problem of how to obtain a
sufficient concentration of effectively available strong sullPrice 3 s
6 d l phuric acid in such a paste or paint, which concentration we
find should be at least 30 % in conjunction with a suitable oxidizing
agent in order to attack the scale at all vigorously, the
concentration being correspondingly greater in a dry composition such
as a powder, in which form a preparation of the kind is more
convenient for sale, to allow for the dilution caused by converting
this powder into the required paste or paint.
A scale removing preparation according to the present invention
contains ammonium and/ or alkali metal bisulphate together with a
suitable oxidizing agent, the proportion of said bisulphate being
enough to give a concentration of at least 30 % of available sulphuric
acid in a paste or paint as formed when the preparation is mixed with
such a quantity of water that said paste or paint has a suitable
consistency for application.
The following are the approximate percentages of sulphuric acid to

11. which suitable bisulphates easily obtainable commercially are capable
of giving rise in admixture with water, expressed as percentages of
the respective bisulphates: Ammonium bisulphate Sodium bisulphate
(anhydrous) do (crystals) do (normal commercial) Potassium bisulphate
42.6 % 40.8 % 35.6 % 36.37 % 36.1 % From these figures it is evident
that highest sulphuric acid concentration is attainable with ammonium
bisulphate, which is preferred on that account.
The most convenient oxidizing agent for the purpose is ammonium and/or
alkali metal persulphate (again the ammonium salt being preferred),
since this becomes converted under the conditions of use to the
bisulphate, the proportion of which is thereby increased The
perborates or percarbonates are however suitable alternative oxidizing
agents.
The preparation also preferably comprises a binder or carrier, for
which purpose china clay is especially suitable on account of its
ability to form an extremely adherent film on metal surfaces.
A mixture consisting of ammonium bisulphate, ammonium persulphate and
china clay is suitable for sale as a dry powder ready for conversion
into a paste or paint as required by simple admixture with water In
such a dry mixture the proportion of the bisulphate may be between the
limits 77 % and 94 % and preferably 85 7 %, that of the persulphate
between the limits of 1 % and 7 % and preferably 3 6 % and that of the
china clay between the limits 5 % and 22 % and preferably 10 7 % A
preparation containing the preferred proportions is capable of giving
rise to 36 5 % of sulphuric acid expressed as a percentage of the
mixture and as not more than 10 % of water is required for this
purpose and also to make a paste suitable in consistency for painting
on to a surface to be treated, it will be seen that the final
sulphuric acid concentration in this paste can be as high as 32 9 %.
It is to be noted that an aqueous liquid vehicle for forming the paste
or paint need not consist entirely of water, although when added to
the dry preparation in sufficient quantity to give the required
consistency it must be capable of providing enough water to produce
the required concentration of the acid and should preferably be
capable of providing enough to react fully with the whole of the
bisulphate.
The stated proportions are throughout by weight.
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12. * 5.8.23.4; 93p
* GB785651 (A)
Description: GB785651 (A) ? 1957-10-30
Improvements in or relating to knitting machines
Description of GB785651 (A)
PATENT SPECIFICATION
Inventor: KAIRL-EGON EI'CHHORN A Date of Application and filing
Complete Specification: April 19, 1953.
No 11322/55.
Complete Specification Published: Oct 30, 1957.
Index at acceptance:-Class 74 ( 2), C 8.
International Classification:-DO 4 b.
COMPLETE i SPECIFI'CATION Improvements in or relating to Knitting
Machines Wie, VEoB TRIKOTAGENWERK " TRINELI " VVB
INDUSTRXEZWEIG{LEITUNG TRIKOT, of 8, Siidstrasse, Limbach-Oberfrohna
I, Germany, a Nationalised 'Corporation organised under the laws of
Eastern Germany, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray
that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to
be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following
statement: -
This invention relates to knitting machines of the kind, wherein the
needles are individually movable and, after being brought to the
knocking over position by the stitch cam are subjected to a pull
exerted by the knitted material as it is drawn from the knitting
machine The invention is in particular lconcerned with an arrangement
for automatically stopping machines of the kind referred to, when
faulty operation, such as resulting from thread or needle breakage,
running out of thread supply and the like, occurs or when faulty goods
are knitted either resulting from such faulty operation or from any
other possible cause, There are already known various arrangements for
automatically stopping knitting machines of the kind hereinbefore set
forth.
These known arrangements can be principally subdivided into two types
The first type is based onl the principle to supervise the thread for

13. 'breakage and running out of supply and the arrangement becomes
operative when one of these two possibilities occurs The second type
supervises the perfarmance of the needles etnd when needle breakage,
usually latch breakages, occurs the machine is automatically stopped
In the Iirst type thread detecting means are employed, while in the
second type, needle detecting means are used In case one wishes to
lobtain an automnatic stoppage of the machine, both on thread breakage
and running out of the thread supply as well as on needle breakage and
the like, the arrangement has to be provided at the same time both
with thread detecting means on the one hand and with needle detecting
means onthe lPrice 3 s 6 d l other hand, which obviously results in a
rather complicated and also bulky construction This is also the case
if both supervising mechanisms are coupled to a common stopping device
In connection therewith it may be added that the knitted goods proper
have also to be supervised, that is, it is desired to detect holes In
the knitted goods With the hitherto known arrangements, it has not
been possible to obtain a reliable supervision of holes because holes
do not always result from thread or needle breakage or the running out
of the thread supply 'For the purpose of efficiently supervising both
the knitted goods and the knitting operation proper, it would thus be
necessary to provide a third supervising means.
The present invention aims at overcoming the above referred to
drawbacks of the known arrangements and provides an arrangement for
the automatic stoppage of knitting machines of the kind hereinbefore
set forth which supervises all the fault sources which may lead to
faulty goods without necessitating the provision of separate parts
whic act on the needles, the thread or the knitted goods It is
intended to construct the arrangement in such a manner that the
needles which, owing to damage thereto or thread, breakage or any
other occurrence which may result in, a faulty product, themselves are
employed as control means for the actuation of the stopping means.
According to, the present invention' an arrangement for automatically
stopping knitting machines of the kind hereinbefore set forth is
characterised by the provision of a tripping device arranged adjacent
the stitch cam, the arrangement being such that the butts of any
needles remaining in the knocked over position as a result of for
example thread breakage or damage to the needle actuate said tripping
device to initiate stoppage of the machine.
By using the arrangement according to the invention the use of any
kind of additional supervising means such as needle detectors or
thread detecting devices is rendered super55965 1 &'rke L 21 2 785,651
fluous The needles themselves are utilised to effect the operation of
means controlling the knitting machine to initiate stoppage on the
occurrence of a fault.

14. It is preferable to arrange the controlling means adajcent the stitch
cams in such a manner that the butts of the needles, which are
displaced under the action of the drawing force of the knitted
material pass freely in front of said means, while the butts of the
needles which remain in the knocked over position which has been fixed
by the stitch cam actuate the said means.
The control means may comprise a tripping device consisting preferably
and simply of a lever which is rockable about an axis extending at
right angles to the plane of the needle row and which with its free
end is within reach of the buts of the needles which remain in the
kocked over position.
In one of the known stoppage arrangements which works in dependence on
a detecting device which acts e g on the head of the needles, one
should note that independent of the mutual mechanical stress of these
parts, there exists the drawback that the detecting device can only be
used 'at an instant when all the needles of the needle bed are used
for the loop formation If one for example works on a machine having
two needle rows for producing 2 x 2 rib fabric this is not the case
Contrary in the two needle rows certain predetermined needles are inl
this case held in their inoperative position so that spaces occur in
the needle rows These spaces permit the detector device to reach the
operative position and would thus cause the stoppage of the machine
This drawback is obviated by means of the arrangement of the invention
By using the arrangement of the invention if for example a hook of a
needle is brolken, this needle remains subsequent to the knocking over
thereof by the stitch cam, in this position and causes immediately the
stoppage of the machine The previous loop which in this manner has bee
1 dropped, can without difficulty be taken up again after replacement
of the faulty needle, so that no hole in the knitted goods is ever
formed Equally a collection of several loops on the needles can simply
not occur any longer Needles which collect several loops would move so
slowly that they could not be moved out of the knocking over position
which fact again is sufficient to actuate the release of the stoppage
arrangements.
In order that the invention may be more clearly understood one
embodiment thereof is illustrated by way of example only in the
accompanying drawings in which Figure 1 shows a bottom view of a cam
plate of a, rib disc, Figure' 2 is a section along line A-B of figure
1, Figure 3 is a fragmentary view of the cam plate seen from above,
Figure 4 shows the use of an additional means for increasing the
drawing-off force of the goods, this Fig being shown as a cross
section of the loop forming zone, and 70 Figures 5 and 6 show the
arrangement of an indicating device for a stopping means for the
needles which actuate the stoppage of the machine.

15. The cam plate 1 here shown comprises the 75 usual cam parts which in a
known manner are fixed in the cam plate 1 partly rigidly and partly
movably For the purpose of understanding the present invention only
the stitch cams 3, 4 and the central cams '5 of the cam 80 parts are
of interest The stitch cam 3 serves for the production of 1 x 1 rib
fabric The stitch cam 4 is shown in Figure 1 in, dotted lines which
stitch cam is employed in the manufacture of 2 x 2 rib fabric The
needles 85 extend with their butts in the direction of the arrow 24
through the cham channels The switching device 7 of the stoppage
arrangement is arranged immediately behind the stitch cam 3 or 4 It
consists of a lever which 90 is rockable about an axis extending at
right angles to the plane of the needle row, or it is carried 'by a
corresponding, rockably mounted bolt 9 This lever projects with its
free end into the needle butt channel, as can be seen 95 in particular
from figure 1 In the central cam there is cut a bed 6 for the purpose
of receiving the switching device 7 All the needles are drawn into the
rearward end position by the stitch cam 3 and when, the point 100 x
iof the stitch cam 3 has passed they are subjected to a pull exerted
by the fabric as it is drawn from the machine This results in the fact
that the butts of the needles which yield to this pull are slightly
displaced as can 105 be seen from figure 1 However any broken needles,
or needles which have become jammed in position will not be moved by
the pull and will remain in the position fixed by the stitch cam 3, so
that the butts of these 110 needles remain displaced in relation to
the butts of the remaining needles Figure 1 shows the butt of such a
needle which butt is indicated by reference numeral 2 The arrangement
is made in such a manner, that the 115 butts of all the needles which
are lifted under the action of the pull exerted by the knitted
fabri&cpass fully in front of the switching device 7 The butt 2 of the
needle which has remained in the position, fixed by the stitch 120
cams 3, however is within the path of movement of the switching device
7 and thus actuates the latter The switching device 7 is thereby
rocked and thus releases the stoppage arrangement 125 For the passing
through of the bolt 9 the cam plate 1 is provided with an oblong slot
11 The bolt 9 is mounted on a slide 16 which carries a guide member 10
for the bolt 9.
The guide member 10 has the additional pur 130 785,651 onto the
connection zone of the two last loop courses it draws aall these
needles 30 and 31 into the lifted position' which have worked a
faultless loop, The disc 36 is mounted on a carrier 37 The means which
enhances the 70 drawing force of the knitted goods need obviously not
consist of a turnable disc 36.
Several other constructions of such means could be devised For
instance it may consist of a device which is actuated by pressure 75 A

16. still further development of the arrangement according to the
invention is illustrated in figures 5 and '6 This development is based
Oon the principle that a machine which is mechanically driven has a
predetermined 80 braking path First when the machine has traversed
this' path it will stop The effect of any stoppage arrangement is
therefore subject to a delay which practically is constant all the
time, This fact has been utilized in such 85 a manner that the
switching device 7 of the stoppage arrangement is arranged in a
predetermined proportion to the common needle door As can be seen, in
figure 6 the switching device 7 of the stoppage arrangement is 90
arranged behind the right handi needle sinker 3., The usual needle
door is indicated by reference numeral 40 The arrangement is made in
such;a manner, that the distance A of the switching device 7 to the
needle door 95 corresponds to about the braking path of the machine
When the switching device 7 has been actuated the machine will
accordingly run out in such a manner, that the corresponding needle is
within reach of the needle 100 door Advantageously, there is provided
within the reach of the needle door, a pointer 41.
If the mounting place 'of the pointer 41 is chosen in such a manner
that its distance to the switching device 7 corresponds exactly to 105
the braking path of the machine, the pointer will then indicate
precisely the faulty needle which is in need of being replaced The
pointer arrangement can 'be adjusted and made more efficient by
corresponding adjustment of 110 the braking arrangement of the
machine.
What we lain is:1 An arrangement for automatically stopping knitting
machines of the kind hereinbefore set forth characterised by the
provision 115 of a tripping device arranged adjacent the stitch 'cam,
the arrangement being such that the butts of any needles remaining in
the knocked over position as a result of for example thread breakage
or damage to the 120 needle 'actuate said tripping device to initiate
stoppage of the machine.
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* GB785652 (A)

17. Description: GB785652 (A) ? 1957-10-30
Process for the production of organic nitrogenous fertilizers from animal
products and fertilizers produced by such process
Description of GB785652 (A)
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The EPO does not accept any responsibility for the accuracy of data
and information originating from other authorities than the EPO; in
particular, the EPO does not guarantee that they are complete,
up-to-date or fit for specific purposes.
PATENT SPECIFICATION
785,652 f i N ' Date of application and filing Complete Specification:
April 28, 1955.
No 12258/55.
Application made il; Italy on May 8, 1954.
/; Complete Specification Published: Oct 30, 1957.
Index at acceptance:-Class 111, B 3 (A 4: C 3).
International Classification:-CO 5 b, f.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
Process for the Production of Organic Nitrogenous Fertilizers from
Animal Products and Fertilizers Produced by such process We, ALBERTO
CALDERONI, of 13, Via Pier Capponi, Milano, and VIR Gi Ni O VITA, of
14, Via Canova, Milano, both in Italy, both Italian Citizens, trading
as CALDERONI & S Vir A, do hereby declare the invention, for which we
pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is
to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following
statement: -
The present invention relates to a process for the production of
organic nitrogenous fertilizers from animal products or offals and to
fertilizers produced by such process.
It is known to produce organic fertilizers from animal offals by
reacting such offals with chemical products or by biological
processes, with a view to rendering the offals assimilable by plants
and favourable to the microbiological fauna and flora of the soil.
2 o In agriculture, and particularly in horticulture and floriculture,

18. it is necessary to use fertilizers rich in proteinous nitrogen which,
when soluble in water, is rapidly assimilated by the microbiological
flora of the soil and by the plants and the object of the present
invention is to produce a fertilizer having a very high content of
proteinous nitrogen soluble in water.
According to the present invention, the fertilizer is formed by
treating animal hair or wool, e g wool offals, at atmospheric pressure
and at a temperature below 100 C, preferably with heating, with
caustic soda or caustic potash, or a solution thereof, so as to obtain
a solid product which, after elimination of any excess of water, may
be granulated or powdered in any suitable way.
An acidic substance may be used to neutralize any alkalinity in the
product, and such substance, for instance an acid, may be added during
or after the processing of the reaction product.
The amount of caustic soda or potash used may vary within very wide
limits, but it will preferably be such as to give to the finished
product a low alkalinity, for instance, wool lPrice 3 s 6 d l offals
may advantageously be treated with from 6 to 8 per cent of caustic
soda or potash.
According to one way of carrying out the 50 invention, wool offals,
the by-products of the carding machines, the loppings and shearings of
textiles, are wetted with water and thoroughly mixed in suitable tubs
with the alkaline reagent The mixture is then heated 55 until a thick
liquid mass is formed and until it has coagulated or hardened.
According to another way of carrying out the invention, the material
to be treated is mixed dry with the alkaline reactant and then 60
moistened with water and heated in suitable boilers or tubs until a
thick liquid mass is formed and until coagulation or hardening of the
mass takes place.
According to still another way of carrying 65 out the invention the
hair or wool is treated in apparatus operating in a continuous manner;
for instance the reactants may be fe&d to a tubular or other reaction
vessel and carried therethrough by means of an Archi 70 median screw
or other conveyor that mixes them, the mixture being heated and then
cooled in its travel through the reaction vessel and finally ground.
The caustic soda or potash may be incor 75 porated with the dry hair
or wool or with the moistened hair or wool during its passage through
the reaction vessel.
A substance to neutralize alkalinity of the resulting product may be
added at a suitable to stage in the process.
The final composition of the resulting product may be varied by the
addition of other organic or inorganic substances, and such substances
may or may not take part in the SS reaction For instance, a phosphatic
or more complex fertilizer may be added to the organic material.

19. I A boiler fitted with a mixer may be used in which the exothermic
reaction of the caus 90 tic reagent with water is utilized The
reaction gases may be used either for the production of the heat
necessary for the reaction itself and for the elimination of the
excess water, or for the recovery of by-products, e.g lanoline.
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