anatomy of human larynx

2.  Also called as
larygopharynx
 Upper border of
epiglottis to lower
border of cricoid
cartilage

3.  Boundaries
• anteriorly: post-cricoid mucosa
posterior cricoarytenoid muscle
• posteriorly: mucosal wall, middle and
inferior constrictor muscles
• superiorly: hyoid bone, glossoepiglottic
and pharyngoepiglottic folds
• inferiorly: cricoid cartilage,
cricopharyngeus muscle

4.  Subsites
• Pyriform sinus
• Post cricoid region
• posterior wall

5. • Medially by the aryepiglottic
fold and arytenoid and cricoid cartilages
• Laterally by the thyroid
cartilage and thyrohyoid membrane
• Superiorly by the level of the hyoid bone
• Inferiorly by the level of the inferior border
of the cricoid cartilage

7.  A hollow musculoligamentous structure with a
cartilaginous framework that caps the lower
respiratory tract.
 Functions:
1.Protection of lower airway
2.Respiration
3.Phonation
4.Development of high intrathoracic
Pressure

8.  Extent :C3-C6
 Upper border of epiglottis to
lower margin of cricoid
cartilage

9.  3 Unpaired and 3 paired cartilages

10.  Unpaired -Thyroid
-Cricoid
-Epiglottis
 Paired -Arytenoids
-Cuneiforms
-Corniculate

11.  Two quadrilateral laminae which meet in the
midline anteriorly at the thyroid angle ,
leaving a thyroid notch between them

12.  Thyroid angle : thyroepiglottic ligament
bilateral vestibular ligament
bilateral vocal ligament
 Oblique line :Thyrohyoid
Sternothyroid
inferior constrictor muscles
 Superior border : thyrohyoid membrane
 Inferior border : cricothyroid muscle

13.  Only complete cartilaginous ring
 Narrow Arch and broad lamina

14. • Articulates with
thyroid and
arytenoid cartilages
to form bilateral
synovial joints

15.  Pyramidal shaped
base
apex
anterolateral surface
medial surface
posterior surface
 2 processes-vocal process
-muscular process

16.  Apex – articulate with corniculate cartilage
aryepiglottic fold and aryepiglotticus
muscle
 Base – cricoarytenoid joint
 Muscular process – lateral and posterior
cricoarytenoid muscle
 Vocal process – vocal ligaments

17.  Leaf like-elastic
fibrocartilage
Attached inferiorly to the
thyroid cartilage
Just below the thyroid
notch in midline by the
thyroepiglottic ligament

18.  Upper part of anterior surface – connected to
tongue by three mucosal folds – median and lateral
glossoepiglottic folds
 Lower part of anterior surface – connected to
hyoid bone – hyoepiglottic ligament
 Anterior surface is separated from thyrohyoid
membrane by – pre epiglottic space – filled with fat
 Lateral margin – attachment to aryepiglottic fold in
lower part

20.  Extrinsic
 Intrinsic

21.  Thyrohyoid
 Cricothyroid
 Cricotracheal
 Hyoepiglottic

22. THYROHYOID MEMBRANE –
 upper border of thyroid cartilage to upper
border of body and greater cornu of hyoid
bone
 Internal laryngeal nerve and superior
laryngeal vessels pierce it

23.  Quadrangular membrane
 Cricovocal membrane

24. Stretching between
epiglottis , thyroid angle
and arytenoid cartilage
 UPPER MARGIN – is in
aryepiglottic fold
 LOWER MARGIN –
forms vestibular
ligament
between thyroid angle and
vocal process of arytenoids
above the attachment of vocal
ligament

25. Stretches between cricoid
, thyroid and arytenoid
cartilages
 Its upper free margin :
vocal ligament

28.  Narrowest portion adult larynx
Space b/n vocal cords anteriorly and vocal processes
and the base of arytenoids posteriorly
 About 3/5 of its length is called intermemebranous
part( between the vocal cords ) and other
intercartilaginous part
 Average length –males 23mm
females 16 mm

29. From the middle of the angle of thyroid to vocal
process of arytenoids
 TRUEVOCAL CORDS – take part in
phonation
Each fold contains – vocal ligament and vocalis muscle
 RIMA GLOTTIS Space between the vocal
cords –

31. UNDERTHE EPITHELIUM OFVOCAL CORDS IS A POTENTIAL
SPACE WITH SCANTY SUBEPITHELIAL CONNECTIVE TISSUE
 Accumulation of fluid – fusiform swelling of folds –
reinke’s edema

32.  False vocal cords – do not take part in
phonation
 Each fold contains a vestibular ligament
 Space between the vestibular folds – rima
vestibuli

34.  “Sinus of morgagni”
 Small space b/n the true
and false vocal cords
 From its anterior part a
pouch –”saccule of hilton
“extends b/n the
vestibular folds and the
thyroid cartilage

35.  Abnormal dilatation of saccule-laryngocoele

36. PRE EPIGLOTTIC SPACE OF
BOYER
BOUNDARIES
 Anteriorly : Thyrohyoid lig
and inner surface of
thyroid lamina
 Posteriorly :Epiglottis
 Superiorly: Hyopepiglottic
lig
 Inferiorly : Thyroepiglottic
lig.

39.  Deep cervical LN
 Supraglottis to upper cervical
 Glottic –devoid of lymphatics
 Subglottic-lower deep cervical ,prelaryngeal
para tracheal &pre tracheal