The document describes the anatomy of the neck, including the layers of cervical fascia (superficial, deep), and the deep cervical fascia layers (superficial, middle, deep). It then discusses the various neck spaces in detail, including their boundaries and contents. Key spaces mentioned are the retropharyngeal, prevertebral, visceral vascular, submandibular, pharyngomaxillary, parotid, and anterior visceral spaces.

1. Anatomy of neck
M. Almoaz arbab

5. Cervical fascia

6. Cervical Fascia
 Superficial fascia
 Deep fascia
 Superficial
 Investing fascia
 Middle
 Pretracheal fascia
 Deep
 Prevertibral fascia

7. Superficial Layer
 Similar to
subcutaneous tissue
 Ensheathes platysma
and muscles of facial
expression

8. Deep Cervical Fascia
 Form the boundaries of compartments
 Support the neck structures & allow it
to glide past one another
 Fascial spaces can communicate
infection or fluid to other regions of the
body
 Used as a guide to surgical dissection

9. Deep Cervical Fascia

10. Deep Cervical Fascia

11. Superficial Layer of the Deep Cervical Fascia
 Completely surrounds the
neck.
 Arises from spinous processes.
 Superior border – nuchal line,
skull base, zygomatic arch,
mandible.
 Inferior border – sternum,
clavicle, scapula
 Envelopes
 SCM
 Trapezius
 Submandibular
 Parotid

12. Superficial Layer of the Deep Cervical Fascia

13. Middle Layer of the Deep Cervical Fascia
 Muscular Division
 Superior border – hyoid and
thyroid cartilage
 Inferior border – sternum, clavicle
and scapula
 Envelopes infrahyoid strap
muscles
 Visceral Division
 Superior border
 Anterior – hyoid and thyroid
cartilage
 Posterior – skull base
 Inferior border – continuous with
fibrous pericardium in the upper
mediastinum.
 Buccopharyngeal fascia
 Name for portion that covers
the pharyngeal constrictors
and buccinator.
 Envelopes
 Thyroid
 Trachea
 Esophagus
 Pharynx
 Larynx

14. Middle Layer of the Deep Cervical Fascia

15. Deep Layer of Deep Cervical Fascia
 Arises from spinous processes and ligamentum
nuchae.
 Splits into two layers at the transverse
processes:
 Alar layer
 Superior border – skull base
 Inferior border – upper mediastinum at T1-T2
 Prevertebral layer
 Superior border – skull base
 Inferior border – coccyx

16. Deep Layer of Deep Cervical Fascia

17. Carotid Sheath
 Formed by all three layers of deep fascia
 Anatomically separate from all layers.
 Travels through pharyngomaxillary space.
 Extends from skull base to thorax.
 Contains carotid artery, internal jugular vein, and vagus nerve
 “Lincoln’s Highway”

18. Prevertebral
layer
Trapezius
Investing layer
Pretracheal layer
Buccopharyngeal
fascia
Carotid sheath
esophagus
s.c.m
scalenus
trachea
thyroid
Infrahyoid m.
Internal jungular vein
Common carotid a.
Vagus n.
pretracheal fascia

19. Deep Neck Spaces
 Described in relation to the hyoid.
 Entire length of neck
 Retropharyngeal
 Danger
 Prevertebral
 Vascular visceral
 Suprahyoid
 Submandibular
 Pharyngomaxillary (Parapharyngeal)
 Parotid
 Peritonsillar
 Temporal
 Masticator
 Infrahyoid
 Anterior visceral

20. Retropharyngeal Space
 Entire length of neck.
 Anterior border - pharynx and
esophagus (buccopharyngeal
fascia)
 Posterior border - alar layer of
deep fascia
 Superior border - skull base
 Inferior border – superior
mediastinum
 Contains retropharyngeal nodes.

21. Space
 Entire length of
neck
 Anterior border -
alar layer of deep
fascia
 Posterior border -
prevertebral layer
 Extends from skull
base to diaphragm
 Contains loose
areolar tissue.

22. Prevertebral Space
 Entire length of neck
 Anterior border -
prevertebral fascia
 Posterior border -
vertebral bodies and deep
neck muscles
 Lateral border –
transverse processes
 Extends along entire
length of vertebral
column

23. Visceral Vascular Space
 Entire length of neck
 Carotid Sheath
 “Lincoln Highway”

24. Submandibular Space
 Suprahyoid
 Superior – oral mucosa
 Inferior - superficial layer
of deep fascia
 Anterior border –
mandible
 Lateral border - mandible
 Posterior - hyoid and
base of tongue
musculature
 2 compartments
 Sublingual space
 Hypoglossal and lingual
nerves
 Sublingual gland
 Wharton’s duct
 Submental spacw
 Anterior bellies of digastrics
 Submandibular gland

25. Submandibular Space

26. Pharyngomaxillary space
 Suprahyoid
 Parapharyngeal space
 Superior—skull base
 Inferior—hyoid
 Anterior—pterygomandibular
raphe
 Posterior—prevertebral fascia
 Medial—buccopharyngeal
fascia
 Lateral—superficial layer of
deep fascia

27. Pharyngomaxillary space
 Prestyloid
 Muscular compartment
 Medial—tonsillar fossa
 Lateral—medial pterygoid
 Contains fat, connective
tissue, nodes
 Poststyloid
 Neurovascular compartment
 Carotid sheath
 Cranial nerves IX, X, XI, XII
 Sympathetic chain
 Stylopharyngeal aponeurosis of
Zuckerkandel and Testut
 Alar, buccopharyngeal and
stylomuscular fascia.
 Prevents infectious spread
from anterior to posterior.

28. Pharyngomaxillary Space
 Communicates
with several deep
neck spaces.
 Parotid
 Masticator
 Peritonsillar
 Submandibular
 Retropharyngeal

29. Peritonsillar Space
 Suprahyoid
 Medial—capsule of
palatine tonsil
 Lateral—superior
pharyngeal constrictor
 Superior—anterior tonsil
pillar
 Inferior—posterior tonsil
pillar

30. Masticator and Temporal Spaces
 Suprahyoid
 Formed by superficial layer of deep
cervical fascia
 Masticator space
 Antero-lateral to pharyngomaxillary
space.
 Contains
 Masseter
 Pterygoids
 Body and ramus of the mandible
 Inferior alveolar nerves and vessels
 Tendon of the temporalis muscle
 Temporal space
 Continuous with masticator space.
 Lateral border – temporalis fascia
 Medial border – periosteum of
temporal bone
 Superficial and deep spaces divided
by temporalis muscle

31. Parotid Space
 Suprahyoid
 Superficial layer of deep fascia
 Dense septa from capsule into
gland
 Direct communication to
parapharyngeal space
 Contains
 External carotid artery
 Posterior facial vein
 Facial nerve
 Lymph nodes

32. Anterior Visceral Space
 Infrahyoid
 pretracheal space
 Enclosed by visceral division of
middle layer of deep fascia
 Contains thyroid
 Surrounds trachea
 Superior border - thyroid
cartilage
 Inferior border - anterior
superior mediastinum down to
the arch of the aorta.
 Posterior border – anterior wall
of esophagus
 Communicates laterally with
the retropharyngeal space
below the thyroid gland.