Presentation Outline of Africa: Population, Natural Environment and Water Resources. Nile River Basin: Features, Challenges and Opportunities. The Big Picture: Multi-tracks Hydro Diplomacy. Public Participation: The Realities on the Ground. Concluding Remarks: Prospects, Potentials and Conclusions.

1. THE NILE RIVER BASIN : PUBLIC
PARTICIPATION CHALLENGES AND
OPPORTUNTIES
By
Aly M. Shady, P.Eng.
For Presentation At
University of Virginia Law School
Charlottesville, VA, USA
April 18-19,2003

2.  Africa : Population , Natural Environment and Water Resources.
 Africa : Transboundary Water
 Nile River Basin : Features , Challenges and Opportunities.
The Big Picture : Multi-tracks Hydro Diplomacy
Public Participation : The Realities on the Ground.
 Concluding Remarks : prospects , potentials and Conclusions.

3. AFRICA

6. Continent Water
Resources
Population
Africa 11 13
Asia 13 60
Australia 5 <1
Europe 8 13
North
America
15 8
South
America
26 6
Water Resources and Population
As percent of world, UN-WWDR,2003

7. 0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Africa
Asia
Europe
North America
South America
Australia
Installed Hydropower Capacity in 1996.
Percent of world total ,WEC

8. Number of Trans Boundary Basins and
Areas within boundaries of shared basins
ContinentContinent % of World, Number and Areas% of World, Number and Areas
Africa 23 60
Asia 20 53
Europe 27 71
North America 14 39
South America 14 38

9. Africa Fresh Water Resources and Use
13% of world population.
11% of world available freshwater.
23% of shared river basins of the world.
27 % of the world population
un-served by clean drinking water supply.
13% of the world population without
adequate sanitation.
<5% of world irrigated lands.
3.2% of world installed hydro power.

10. Africa Transboundary Water -
Institutional and Legal Aspects.
54 Shared river basins representing 60% of the
surface area .
Mostly are covered by treaties and
agreements.
Few active international basin institutions.
Low development impact.
Low – Medium current disputes ( low
Development scenario) .
High potential for future disputes ( high
Development scenario ).

12.  Basin is about 3.0 million square km.
 Length is more than 6000 km.
 10 Riparian States with 250 million people
 Area of Lakes is 81500 square km.
 Length of River and Tributaries is 37500 km.
 Area of swamps is 70000 square km.
 5 States are among the Ten Poorest in World.

13.  Extreme Poverty.
 Instability.
 Rapid Population Growth.
 Environmental degradation.
 Natural disasters (Floods, Droughts, ….etc.)
 Complicated hydrology of Basin.
 Low Specific Yield.
 Equitable Use and no harm Principle.

14.  River is least developed in
upper reaches.
 Potential is great.
(Water saving, Agriculture,
Power pooling, ….etc)
 Great chance for win-win
solutions.
 Serious steps taken for
cooperation is an incentive
for donors.

16. Government to
Government.
Official delegation of
experts.
Formal procedures
and Processes.
Efficient and
effective outcomes.
Minimum Public
Participation.
UN –IFI and
Governments delegates.
High level expertise.
Steady financial
commitments.
Slow- Complicated
processes and
procedures.
Low impact outcome.
Low public
participation.
Nationally based NGO , Private
sector, Universities and Gov.
High level of communication.
Slow and cumbersome process.
Mobilizes public input and
support.
Assures sustainability.
Improves governance

17. Grey Chart Assessment of Tracks
LowMediumHighPolitical will
LowMediumHighOverall
Effectiveness
PoorGoodVariable /
Asymmetric
Existing
Capacity
HighMediumMediumWater
Development
N.A.High / LowHigh / HighConflicts
Prevention /
Resolution
DemocratizationMultilaterals
Rules
Status QuoGovernance
Very Low /LowMedium / LowLow/LowCost / Benefits
LowMediumLowLong-term
Sustainability
SimultaneousSecond StepFirst StepOrder
Track #3 C.S.Track #2 MultiTrack #1 BiCriteria

19.  Agreements and Treaties.
 The Hydro-meteorological Survey of Equatorial
Lakes (HYDROMET 1967-1992).
 Technical Cooperation Committee for Promotion of
the Development and Environmental Promotion of
the Nile Basin Project (TECCONILE 1992-1998).
 Transition period (D-3 project, Nile 2002).
 Nile Basin Initiative (NBI).
 Civil Society participation (INBA , Nile 2002).

20. Egypt, Rwanda, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda and Congo
Jointed The Project in January 1993.
Burundi, Ethiopia, Eritrea, and Kenya
Participated as Observers
OBJECTIVES OF TECCONILE
* Short-Term
To Assist Member States to Develop Natural
Water Master Plans and Integration Into a Nile
Basin Development Action Plan.
Developing The Infrastructure, Capacity
Building and Techniques for Management of
Water Resources.
* Long-Term
To Assist The Countries in The Development,
Conservation and Use of The Nile Basin Water
Resources in an Integrated Sustainable Way
Through Basin-Wide Cooperation for The
Benefit of All.
To Determine The Equitable Entitlement of
Each Riparian.

21. THE NILE BASIN
INITIATIVE
(NBI)
Putting thePutting the
Shared VisionShared Vision
into actioninto action

22. Burundi Rwanda
Tanzania
Kenya
Eritrea
Egypt
Sudan
DRC Uganda
Ethiopia
Nile Equatorial
Lakes
Eastern Nile
Nile BasinNile Basin
International NileInternational Nile
DiscourseDiscourse

23. Strategic Action Program
Shared VisionShared Vision
Action on the groundAction on the ground
Shared Vision
Program
Subsidiary
Action Prog.

32. Future Prospects.
Build trust and confidence between governments.
Strengthen the indigenous capacity of each region.
Take advantage of new information technology.
Policy reforms ,legal and institutional overhaul.
Emergence of civil society and their active participation.
Long term commitment , vision and political will.
Facilitation and support by external support agencies.

33. Development and Cooperation Potential
High Hydropower generation potential- Shared grid.
High Irrigation potential – meet all Africa future
food needs.
Improved river navigation – trade and transport.
Improved water quality – better health and high
fresh water fisheries.
Ecological conservation and stewardship.
Poverty reduction.- Economic growth.

34. Conclusions.
Participation in Transboundary Water
development can contribute effectively to :
- economic growth,
- reduction of poverty
- improved health and nutrition
- promotion of peace and security