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日本的経営の行き詰まり
1973
1983
1954
高度成長期
1954~1973
安定成長期
1973~1983
1991
バブル期
1983~1991
オイルショック
1973
バブル崩壊
1991~1993
神武景気
1954~1957
3
激動の20世紀に日本の企業構造は大きく変化
理由は?
ボーダーレス経済
4
What’s Japanese-style management ?
日本的経営とは?
「日本的経営」とは?
高度成長期からバブル期の
日本の経営慣行
5
日本独自の
経営手法
日本的経営の特徴
characteristic
「日本的経営」の特徴
7
日本的
雇用慣行
相互依存的
企業関係
非競争的な
市場慣行
「日本的雇用慣行」
8
三種の神器
終身雇用、年功序列型賃金、企業別組合
長期安定的な技能訓練と労働生産性の向上
9
日本的
雇用慣行
相互依存的
企業関係
非競争的な
市場慣行
「相互依存的企業関係」
10
メインバンク制による企業監視
株式持合による長期安定的取引関係
-例えば‥
“Cross-shareholding”
「株式持合」は非常に大切なワード!
12
株式持合とは?
A社
その
他
B社 株主比率
長期安定的・株主軽視
13
日本的
雇用慣行
相互依存的
企業関係
非競争的な
市場慣行
14
「非競争的市場慣行」
官僚統制などによる産業保護
護送船団方式 等
15
官公庁 銀行
・政府の銀行保護
・競争の抑制と
金融機関の遅れ
保護
護送船団方式とは?
16
日本的経営は‥
一種のコーポレートガバナンスの役割として機能
17
イメージしてみると‥
Image..
18
company
client
bank
govt.
産業保護
企業監視
株式持合
株式持合
長期的取引
日本的経営のガバナンス体制
Effective!
日本的経営は効果的なガバナンスだった‥
20
しかし、ある時をきっかけに
日本的経営が行き詰まる..
21
Economic bubble burst
バブル崩壊
|日本的経営 行き詰まり なぜ?
23
大きく分けて原因は2つ
24
バブル崩壊後の企業構造の変化
世界の経営環境の変化
原因とは?
1
2
25
1
2
不良債権問題・輸出主導型戦略の失速
企業の経営不振
人件費の削減
日本的雇用慣行の崩壊
雇用の流動性―1
26
1
2
3000
3200
3400
3600
3800
4000
4200
4400
4600
4800
5000
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500 1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
金額(千円)人数(万人) 雇用形態別雇用者数
正規雇用者 非正規雇用者 平均賃金
(出典) 総務省統計局「労働力調査詳細結果」 国税局「民間給与実態統計調査結果」
雇用の流動性―2
27
1
2
(出典) IMF-World Economic Outlook Databases
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005
単位(%) 日本の失業率の推移
雇用の流動性が
高まった
=
日本的雇用制度
の風化
28
日本的雇用慣行の崩壊
=?
フリーランス・フリーター等 働き方が多様化
30
バブル崩壊後の企業構造の変化
世界の経営環境の変化
原因とは?
1
2
「世界の経営環境の変化」
31
グローバル化
情報化社会
日本的ガバナンスが
機能しなかった
競争的市場 「失われた10年」
企業関係の希薄化
32
0
5
10
15
20
1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003
単位(%)
株式持合比率の推移
0
10
20
30
40
50
株式所有構造の推移
金融機関
事業法人
外国人
(出典) 内閣府「経済財政白書」
株式持合比率の低下・株主重視のガバナンス構造
33
グローバル化の中で
相互依存的企業関係が解消
「日本的経営」の変化
34
バブルまでの日本的経営の崩壊
― 同質的だったガバナンス構造が多様化
― 日本経済が成熟した中で、
企業はリスクテイクをして投資をする必要性
35
日本企業はこれからどうすればいい?
How Japanese people ?
Seek new style
日本的経営の新しいスタイルを模索する必要性

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「日本的経営の行き詰まり」