Study on Alternative Methods For Empowering Car (NGV, Hybrid, EV)

1. ALTERNATIVE METHODS FOR EMPOWERING CAR
(NGV, HYBRID, EV)
Supervisor: DR HANAN BT. MOKHTAR
Prepared by: JAVITH KHAN B. ABDULLAH 1315851
ITMAM SYAMIL B. MUHAMAD SHUIB 1121155
IQBAL B. SALEH 1124253

2.  Background
 Objectives
 What is Internal Combustion Engine, ICE
 Introduction to Green Cars
 Types of Green Cars
 Comparison among the green cars
 Conclusion

3.  Global warming and increasing oil price have become
one of the most serious and appalling issues of the
present day.
 Emissions produced by ICE contribute to pollution
and reduce air quality.
 Depletion of fossil fuels.

4.  Determine the methods of powering eco-friendly cars.
 Compare the different types of green car from the
engineering point of view.
 Determine a suitable green car for the use in Malaysia.

5. The internal combustion engine (ICE) is an engine in
which the combustion of a fuel (normally a fossil fuel)
occurs with an oxidizer (usually air) in a combustion
chamber that is an integral part of the working fluid
flow circuit.

6.  Vehicles that are environmentally friendly and have a
less damaging impact on the environment than
conventional cars.
 Such cars include natural gas vehicles, hybrid cars and
electric cars.

7.  Natural Gas has been used as a motor fuel in Canada
for over 20 years.

8.  A vehicle that uses two or more distinct power
sources to move the vehicle.

11.  It is propelled by one electric motor or more, using
electrical energy stored in batteries or any other
energy storage device.

12. Classification ICE NGV HYBRID EV
Average Power
Output
Maximum
power of
100kW at
6500RPM
Maximum
power of
83.6kW at
6500RPM
Maximum
power of
100kW at
5000RPM
Maximum
power of
49kW at
5000RPM
Efficiency Average of 35
miles/gallon
Average of 43
miles/gallon
48-60
miles/gallon
115 – 129
miles/gallon
Emission (CO) Average of
20g/mile of
CO emission
Produces
less than 40%
of CO
emission
than ICE
Produces less
than 25%-35%
of CO
emission than
ICE
No CO

13. Classification ICE NGV HYBRID EV
Maintenance Low
maintenance
Low
maintenance
but the cost
of installing
the system.
High
maintenance
for the
engine
system and
battery.
Low
maintenance
but expensive
battery.
Availability Many
choices of
vehicle in the
market and
petrol
station are
available
everywhere.
Easy
installation,
but very few
CNG station
around and it
is expanding.
Several
choices of
models in the
market and
becoming
more
accepted
among
Malaysians.
Only a few
choices of EV
model and
electric
charging
station in
Malaysia.

14. Classification ICE NGV HYBRID EV
Practicality Practical for
daily use and
long distance
journey with
high speed
limit.
Suitable for
long journey,
limited
speed, and
limited by the
availability of
the CNG
station.
Suits both
city and
highway
modes.
Self-recharge
Battery
function is
available.
Suitable for
short distance
purposes
such as
between
home to
workplace.

15.  Each of these systems have its own advantages and
disadvantages.
 NGVs produce less emission than ICE but is only suitable
to be used in cities where NGV stations are available.
 Hybrid cars are suitable for short and long distances. They
produce less harmful emissions and are safer to the
environment.
 EVs produce the least amount of emission but is only
suitable to be used in cities where charging stations are
available.

17.  Toyota Prius HEV neurocontrol and diagnostics, Danil V. Prokhorov,
2007
 A comprehensive overview of hybrid electric vehicle: Powertrain
configurations, powertrain control techniques and electronic control
units, Kamil Çag˘atay Bayindir, Mehmet Ali Gözüküçük, Ahmet Teke,
2010
 Hybrid electric vehicles and their challenges: A review, M.A. Hannan,
F.A. Azidina, A. Mohamed, 2012
 http://www.mitsubishi-motors.com.my/#/car/imiev
 http://www.nissan.com.my/vehicles/leaf