A compilation of the Abridged Tafsir Ibn Kathir Volumes 1 - 10 ( commentary of the meaning )

A compilation of the Abridged Tafsir Ibn Kathir Volumes 1 - 10. In The English Language with Arabic Verses

Biography of Hafiz Ibn Kat hir - The Aut hor of Tafsir Ibn Kat hir By t he Honored Shaykh ` Abdul-Qadir Al-Arnaut , may Allah prot ect him.He is t he respect ed Imam, Abu Al-Fida, ` Imad Ad-Din Isma il bin Umar bin Kat hir Al-Qurashi Al-Busrawi - Busraian in origin; Dimashqi in t raining, learning and residence. Ibn Kat hir was born in t he cit y of Busra in 701 H. His fat her was t he Friday speaker of t he village, but he died while Ibn Kat hir was onlyfour years old. Ibn Kat hirs brot her, Shaykh Abdul-Wahhab, reared him and t aught him unt il he moved t o Damascus in 706 H., when he was five years old. Ibn Kat hirs TeachersIbn Kat hir st udied Fiqh - Islamic j urisprudence - wit h Burhan Ad-Din, Ibrahim bin ` Abdur-Rahman Al-Fizari, known as Ibn Al-Firkah (who died in 729 H). Ibn Kat hir heard Hadit hs from ` Isa bin Al-Mut im, Ahmad bin Abi Talib, (Ibn Ash-Shahnah) (who died in 730 H), Ibn Al- Haj j ar, (who died in 730 H), and t he Hadit h narrat or of Ash-Sham(modern day Syria and surrounding areas); Baha Ad-Din Al-Qasim bin Muzaffar bin ` Asakir (who died in 723 H), and Ibn Ash-Shirdzi, Ishaq bin Yahya Al-Ammuddi, also known as ` Afif Ad-Din, t he Zahiriyyah Shaykh who died in 725 H, and Muhammad bin Zarrad. He remained wit h Jamal Ad-Din, Yusuf bin Az-Zaki AlMizzi who died in 724 H, hebenefit ed from his knowledge and also married his daught er. He also

read wit h Shaykh Al-Islam, Taqi Ad-Din Ahmad bin ` Abdul-Halim bin` Abdus-Salam bin Taymiyyah who died in 728 H. He also read wit h t he Imam Hafiz and hist orian Shams Ad-Din, Muhammad bin Ahmad bin Ut hman bin Qaymaz Adh-Dhahabi, who died in 748 H. Also, Abu Musa Al-Qarafai, Abu Al-Fat h Ad-Dabbusi and Ali bin ` Umar As-Suwani andot hers who gave him permission t o t ransmit t he knowledge he learned wit h t hem in Egypt . In his book, Al-Mu j am Al-Mukht as, Al-Hafiz Adh-Dhaliabi wrot e t hatIbn Kat hir was, "The Imam, scholar of j urisprudence, skillful scholar of Hadit h, renowned Fagih and scholar of Tafsir who wrot e several beneficial books." Furt her, in Ad-Durar Al-Kdminah, Al-Hafiz Ibn Haj ar AlAsqalani said, "Ibn Kat hir worked on t he subj ect of t he Hadit h in t he areas of t ext s and chains of narrat ors. He had a good memory, his books becamepopular during his lifet ime, and people benefit ed from t hem aft er his deat h." Also, t he renowned hist orian Abu Al-Mahasin, Jamal Ad-Din Yusuf bin Sayf Ad-Din (Ibn Taghri Bardi), said in his book, AlManhal As-Safi, "Heis t he Shaykh, t he Imam, t he great scholar ` Imad Ad-Din Abu Al-Fida. He learned ext ensively and was very act ive in collect ing knowledgeand writ ing. He was excellent in t he areas of Fiqh, Tafsfr and Hadit h. He collect ed knowledge, aut hored (books), t aught , narrat ed Hadit hand wrot e. He had immense knowledge in t he fields of Hadit h, Tafsir, Fiqh, t he Arabic language, and so fort h. He gave Fat awa (religiousverdict s) and t aught unt il he died, may Allah grant him mercy. He was known for his precision and vast knowledge, and as a scholar of hist ory, Hadit h and Tafsir." Ibn Kat hirs St udent s

Ibn Haj j i was one of Ibn Kat hirs st udent s, and he described Ibn Kat hir: "He had t he best memory of t he Hadit h t ext s. He also had t he most knowledge concerning t he narrat ors and aut hent icit y, hiscont emporaries and t eachers admit t ed t o t hese qualit ies. Every t ime I met him I gained some benefit from him."Also, Ibn Al-` Imad Al-Hanbali said in his book, Shadhardt Adh-Dhahab, "He is t he renowned Hafiz ` Imad Ad-Din, whose memory was excellent , whose forget fulness was miniscule, whose underst andingwas adequat e, and who had good knowledge in t he Arabic language." Also, Ibn Habib said about Ibn Kat hir, "He heard knowledge and collect ed it and wrot e various books. He brought comfort t o t he ears wit h his Fat was and narrat ed Hadit h and brought benefit t o ot herpeople. The papers t hat cont ained his Fat was were t ransmit t ed t o t he various (Islamic) provinces. Furt her, he was known for his precision and encompassing knowledge." Ibn Kat hirs Books 1 - One of t he great est books t hat Ibn Kat hir wrot e was his Tafsir of t he Noble Quran, which is one of t he best Tafsir t hat rely onnarrat ions [of Ahadit h, t he Tafsir of t he Companions, et c.]. The Tafsir by Ibn Kat hir was print ed many t imes and several scholars have summarized it .2- The Hist ory Collect ion known as Al-Biddyah, which was print ed in 14 volumes under t he name Al-Bidayah wanNihdyah, and cont ained t hest ories of t he Prophet s and previous nat ions, t he Prophet s Seerah (lifest ory) and Islamic hist ory unt il his t ime. He also added a book Al-Fit an, about t he Signs of t he Last Hour.3- At -Takmil ft Ma` rifat At h-Thiqat wa Ad-Duafa wal Maj dhil which Ibn Kat hir collect ed from t he books of his t wo Shaykhs Al-Mizzi and Adh-

Dhahabi; Al-Kdmal and Mizan Al-Ft iddl. He added several benefit s regarding t he subj ect of Al-Jarh and At Tadil. 4- Al-Hadi was-Sunan ft Ahadit h Al-Masdnfd was-Sunan which is also known by, Jami` Al-Masdnfd. In t his book, Ibn Kat hir collect ed t he narrat ions of Imams Ahmad bin Hanbal, Al-Bazzar, Abu Ya` la Al- Mawsili, Ibn Abi Shaybah and from t he six collect ions of Hadit h: t he Two Sahihs [Al-Bukhari and Muslim] and t he Four Sunan [Abu Dawud, At -Tirmidhi, AnNasa and Ibn Maj ah]. Ibn Kat hir divided t his book according t o areas of Fiqh.5-Tabaqat Ash-Shaf iyah which also cont ains t he virt ues of Imam Ash- Shafi. 6- Ibn Kat hir wrot e references for t he Ahadit h of Adillat At Tanbfh, from t he Shafi school of Fiqh.7- Ibn Kat hir began an explanat ion of Sahih Al-Bukhari, but he did not finish it .8- He st art ed writ ing a large volume on t he Ahkam (Laws), but finished only up t o t he Haj j rit uals.9- He summarized Al-Bayhaqis Al-Madkhal. Many of t hese books were not print ed. 10- He summarized ` Ulum Al-Hadit h, by Abu ` Amr bin AsSalah and called it Mukht asar ` Ulum Al-Hadit h. Shaykh Ahmad Shakir, t he

Egypt ian Muhaddit h, print ed t his book along wit h his comment ary on it and called it Al-Bat h Al-Hat hft h fi Sharh Mukht asar ` Ulum Al-Hadit h. 11- As-Sfrah An-Nabawiyyah, which is cont ained in his book Al- Biddyah, and bot h of t hese books are in print .12- A research on Jihad called Al-Ij t ihad ft Talabi Al-Jihad, which was print ed several t imes. Ibn Kat hirs Deat hAl-Hafiz Ibn Haj ar Al-Asgalani said, "Ibn Kat hir lost his sight j ust before his life ended. He died in Damascus in 774 H." May Allah grant mercy upon Ibn Kat hir and make him among t he resident s of His Paradise. The Tafsir of Surat Al-Fat ihah (Chapt er 1) Which was revealed in Makkah The Meaning of Al-Fatihah and its Various NameThis Surah is called Al-Fat ihah, t hat is, t he Opener of t he Book, t he Surah wit h which prayersare begun. It is also called, Umm Al-Kit ab (t he Mot her of t he Book), according t o t he maj orit yof t he scholars. In an aut hent ic Hadit h recorded by At -Tirmidhi, who graded it Sahih, AbuHurayrah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ゆゅ∠ ム∇ャやぁぺヱラへ∇ゲボ∇ャやぁぺリΒ͡ ャゅ∠ ∇ャやゆケぶギ∇ヨエ∇ャや»͡ わ͡ ュ⊥∠ ͡ ⊥ ュ⊥ ∠ ヨ∠ バ ∠ ∠ ͡ ⊥ ∠ «ユΒ͡ バ∇ャやラへ∇ゲボ∇ャや∠ ヶ͡ ゅ∠ ヨ∇ャやノ∇らジャや∠ ⊥ ヌ∠ ⊥ ⊥ ヱルん∠ ⊥ ｚヱ(Al-Hamdu lillahi Rabbil-` Alamin is t he Mot her of t he Quran, t he Mot her of t he Book, and t heseven repeat ed Ayat of t he Glorious Quran.)It is also called Al-Hamd and As-Salah, because t he Prophet said t hat his Lord said,や∠ みプ ∩͡ ∇Βヘ∇ダルヵ͡ ∇らハリ∇Βよヱヶ͡ ∇Βよりゅ∠ダャやろ∇ヨジホ» ク͡∠ リ ∠ ͡ ギ ∠ ∠ ∠ ∠ レ ∠ ∠ ヤｚ ⊥ ∠ ∠:ぶやメゅ∠ ∩∠ Β͡ ャゅ∠ ∇ャやゆケぶ͡ ギ∇ヨエ∇ャや:ギ∇らバ∇ャやメゅ∠ ⊥ ∠ ホリヨ∠ バあ ∠ キ⊥ ∠ ⊥ ∠ ∠ ホ «ヵ͡ ∇らハヶ͡ ギヨェギ ∠ ル∠ ͡ ∠(` The prayer (i.e., Al-Fat ihah) is divided int o t wo halves bet ween Me and My servant s. Whent he servant says, ` All praise is due t o Allah, t he Lord of exist ence, Allah says, My servant haspraised Me.)Al-Fat ihah was called t he Salah, because recit ing it is a condit ion for t he correct ness of Salah -t he prayer. Al-Fat ihah was also called Ash-Shifa (t he Cure).It is also called Ar-Ruqyah (remedy), since in t he Sahih, t here is t he narrat ion of Abu Sa` idt elling t he t he st ory of t he Companion who used Al-Fat ihah as a remedy for t he t ribal chief whowas poisoned. Lat er, t he Messenger of Allah said t o a Companion, «∀ ∠ ∇ホケゅ∠ ルぺマΑ͡ ∇ギΑ ゅ∠ ヱ» る Β ⊥ ヰｚ ∠ ∠ ケ ⊥ ョ ∠(How did you know t hat it is a Ruqyah)Al-Fat ihah was revealed in Makkah as Ibn ` Abbas, Qat adah and Abu Al-` Aliyah st at ed. Allahsaid, びヶ͡ ゅ∠ ヨ∇ャやリョゅ⇔ ∇らシマ⇒∠ ∇Βゎや￢ ∇ギボャヱぴルん∠ ∠ あバ ∠ ∠ レ ∠ ∠ ∠∠(And indeed, We have best owed upon you t he seven Mat hani) (seven repeat edly recit edverses), (i.e. Surat Al-Fat ihah) (15:87). Allah knows best . ous Names

How many Ayat does Al-Fatihah containThere is no disagreement over t he view t hat Al-Fat ihah cont ains seven Ayat . According t o t hemaj orit y of t he recit ers of Al-Kufah, a group of t he Companions, t he Tabi` in, and a number ofscholars from t he successive generat ions, t he Bismillah is a separat e Ayah in it s beginning. Wewill ment ion t his subj ect again soon, if Allah wills, and in Him we t rust . The Number of Words and Letters in Al-FatihahThe scholars say t hat Al-Fat ihah consist s of t went y-five words, and t hat it cont ains one hundred and t hirt een let t ers The Reason it is called Umm Al-KitabIn t he beginning of t he Book of Tafsir, in his Sahih, Al-Bukhari said; "It is called Umm Al-Kit ab,because t he Quran st art s wit h it and because t he prayer is st art ed by recit ing it . It was alsosaid t hat it is called Umm Al-Kit ab, because it cont ains t he meanings of t he ent ire Quran. IbnJarir said, "The Arabs call every comprehensive mat t er t hat cont ains several specific areas anUmm. For inst ance, t hey call t he skin t hat surrounds t he brain, Umm Ar-Ras. They also call t heflag t hat gat hers t he ranks of t he army an Umm. He also said, "Makkah was called Umm Al-Qura, (t he Mot her of t he Villages) because it is t he grandest and t he leader of all villages. Itwas also said t hat t he eart h was made st art ing from Makkah.Furt her, Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah narrat ed about Umm Al-Quran t hat t heProphet said,ラへ∇ゲボ∇ャやヶワヱヶ͡ ゅ∠ ヨ∇ャやノ∇らｚャやヶワヱラへ∇ゲボ∇ャやぁぺヶワ»⊥ ⊥ ∠ ͡ ∠ ルん∠ ⊥ ジ ∠ ͡ ∠ ͡ ⊥ ュ⊥ ∠ ͡ «ユΒ͡ バ∇ャや ⊥ ヌ∠(It is Umm Al-Quran, t he seven repeat ed (verses) and t he Glorious Quran.)Also, Abu Ja` far, Muhammad bin Jarir At -Tabari recorded Abu Hurayrah saying t hat t heMessenger of Allah said about Al-Fat ihah,ノ∇らｚャやヶワヱゆゅ∠ ム∇ャやるエゎゅ∠ ヶワヱラへ∇ゲボ∇ャやぁぺヶワ»⊥ ジ ∠ ͡ ∠ ͡ わ͡ ⊥ ∠ ͡ プ ∠ ͡ ∠ ͡ ⊥ ュ⊥ ∠ ͡ «ヶ͡ ゅ∠ ヨ∇ャやルん∠(It is Umm Al-Quran, Al-Fat ihah of t he Book (t he Opener of t he Quran) and t he seven repeat ed(verses).)

Virtues of Al-FatihahImam Ahmad bin Hanbal recorded in t he Musnad t hat Abu Sa` id bin Al-Mu` alla said, "I waspraying when t he Prophet called me, so I did not answer him unt il I finished t he prayer. I t henwent t o him and he said, (What prevent ed you from coming) I said, O Messenger of Allah ! Iwas praying. He said, (` Didnt Allah say),や∠ まメヲ⊥ ゲヤ͡ヱヮヤャ ∇やヲ⊥ Β͡ わ∇シや ∇やヲ⊥ ョや∠ リΑ͡ ャやゅ∠ Α∠Αぴク͡ ͡ シｚャ∠ ͡ ｚ͡ らイ∠ レ∠ ￢ ∠ グｚヰぁほび∇ユムΒ͡ ∇エΑ ゅ∠ ャ ∇ユミゅ∠ キ ⊥ Β ⊥ ヨ͡ ⊥ ハ ∠(O you who believe! Answer Allah (by obeying Him) and (His) Messenger when he () calls you t ot hat which gives you life) He t hen said,ァゲ∇ガゎ ∇ラぺモ∇らホラへ∇ゲボ∇ャやヶ͡ りケヲ⊥ ユヌ∇ハぺマレヨヤハほャ»∠ ⊥ ∠ ∠ ∠ ∠ ͡ ⊥ プ ∃ ∠ シ ∠ ∠ ∠ ∠ ｚ ∠ あ∠ ⊥∠ «ギイ∇ジヨ∇ャやリョ ͡͡ ∠ ∠ ͡(I will t each you t he great est Surah in t he Quran before you leave t he Masj id.) He held myhand and when he was about t o leave t he Masj id, I said, ` O Messenger of Allah! You said: I willt each you t he great est Surah in t he Quran. He said, (Yes.) びリΒ͡ ヤ⇒∠ ∇ャやゆケヮヤャギ∇ヨエ∇ャやぴ ∠ ヨ∠ バあ ∠ ͡ ｚ ⊥ ∠(Al-Hamdu lillahi Rabbil-` Alamin)ヵ͡ ャやユΒ͡ バ∇ャやラへ∇ゲボ∇ャや∠ ヶ͡ ゅ∠ ヨ∇ャやノ∇らｚャやヶワ ∇ユバル» グｚ ⊥ ヌ∠ ⊥ ⊥ ヱルん∠ ⊥ ジ ∠ ͡ ∠ ∠ «ヮわΒ͡ ヱ⊥ ⊥⊥ ゎぺ(It is t he seven repeat ed (verses) and t he Glorious Quran t hat I was given.)Al-Bukhari, Abu Dawud, An-Nasai and Ibn Maj ah also recorded t his Hadit h.Also, Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said, "The Messenger of Allah went out whileUbayy bin Ka` b was praying and said, (O Ubayy!) Ubayy did not answer him. The Prophet said,(O Ubayy!) Ubayy prayed fast er t hen went t o t he Messenger of Allah saying, ` Peace be unt oyou, O Messenger of Allah! He said, (Peace be unt o you. O Ubayy, what prevent ed you fromanswering me when I called you) He said, ` O Messenger of Allah! I was praying. He said, (Didyou not read among what Allah has sent down t o me,)

び∇ユムΒ͡ ∇エΑ ゅ∠ ͡ ∇ユミゅ∠ キや∠ まメヲ⊥ ゲヤ͡ヱヮヤャ ∇やヲ⊥ Β͡ わ∇シやぴ ⊥ Β ⊥ ヨャ ⊥ ハ∠ ク͡ ͡ シｚャ∠ ͡ ｚ͡ らイ∠(Answer Allah (by obeying Him) and (His) Messenger when he () calls you t o t hat which givesyou life) He said, ` Yes, O Messenger of Allah! I will not do it again. t he Prophet said,りや∠ ヲｚャやヶ͡ ゅ∠ ∇メゴ∇レゎ ∇ユャりケヲ⊥ マヨヤハぺ ∇ラぺょエゎぺ»͡ ケわプャ ͡ ∠ ∠ ⇔ ∠ シ ∠ ∠ あ∠ ⊥ ∠ ぁ ͡ ⊥ ∠ラゅ∠ ∇ゲヘ∇ャやヶ͡ ゅ∠ヱケヲ⊥ ゴャやヶ͡ ゅ∠ヱモΒ͡ ∇ルみ∇ャやヶ͡ ゅ∠ヱ͡ ホ ⊥ プャ∠ ͡ よｚプャ∠ ͡ イ ͡ プャ∠ «∨ゅ∠ ヤ∇んョヰ∠ ͡(Would you like me t o t each you a Surah t he likes of which not hing has been revealed in t heTawrah, t he Inj il, t he Zabur (Psalms) or t he Furqan (t he Quran)) He said, ` Yes, O Messenger ofAllah! The Messenger of Allah said, (I hope t hat I will not leave t hrough t his door unt il you havelearned it .) He (Ka` b) said, ` The Messenger of Allah held my hand while speaking t o me.Meanwhile I was slowing down fearing t hat he might reach t he door before he finished hisconversat ion. When we came close t o t he door, I said: O Messenger of Allah ! What is t he Suraht hat you have promised t o t each me He said, (What do you read in t he prayer.) Ubayy said, ` SoI recit ed Umm Al-Quran t o him. He said,ゅ∠ヱりや∠ ヲｚャやヶ͡ ぶやメゴ∇ルぺゅ∠ ロギΒよヶ͡ ∇ヘルヵ͡ ャや∠ » ャ∠ ͡ ケわプ ⊥ ∠ ∠ ∠ ョ ͡ ͡ ∠ ͡ ジ ∠ グｚヱゅ∠ ヤ∇んョラゅ∠ ∇ゲヘ∇ャやヶ͡ ゅ∠ヱケヲ⊥ ゴャやヶ͡ ゅ∠ヱモΒ͡ ∇ルみ∇ャやヶ͡ ヰ∠ ͡ ͡ ホ ⊥ プャ∠ ͡ よｚプャ∠ ͡ イ ͡ プ «ヶ͡ ゅ∠ ヨ∇ャやノ∇らｚャやゅ∠ ルまルん∠ ⊥ ジヰｚ ͡(By Him in Whose Hand is my soul! Allah has never revealed in t he Tawrah, t he Inj il, t he Zaburor t he Furqan a Surah like it . It is t he seven repeat ed verses t hat I was given.)Also, At -Tirmidhi recorded t his Hadit h and in his narrat ion, t he Prophet said,ヵ͡ ャやユΒ͡ バ∇ャや ͡ へ∇ゲボ∇ャや∠ ヶ͡ ゅ∠ ヨ∇ャやノ∇らジャやリョゅ∠ ルま» グｚ ͡ ヌ∠ ラ ⊥ ヱルん∠ ͡ ｚ ∠ ͡ ヰｚ ͡ «ヮわΒ͡ ∇ハぺ ⊥⊥ ト ⊥(It is t he seven repeat ed verses and t he Glorious Quran t hat I was given.) At -Tirmidhi t hencomment ed t hat t his Hadit h is Hasan Sahih.There is a similar Hadit h on t his subj ect narrat ed from Anas bin Malik Furt her, ` Abdullah, t heson of Imam Ahmad, recorded t his Hadit h from Abu Hurayrah from Ubayy bin Ka` b, and hement ioned a longer but similar wording for t he above Hadit h. In addit ion, At -Tirmidhi and An-

Nasai recorded t his Hadit h from Abu Hurayrah from Ubayy bin Ka` b who said t hat t heMessenger of Allah said,あぺモ∇んョモΒ͡ ∇ルみ∇ャやヶ͡ ゅ∠ヱりや∠ ヲｚャやヶ͡ ぶやメ∠ ∇ルぺゅ∠ »ュ⊥ ∠ ͡ ͡ イ ͡ プャ∠ ͡ ケわプ ⊥ ゴ ∠ ョヶ͡ ∇Βよ ∀ ∠ ヲ⊥ ∇ボ∠ ヶワヱヶ͡ ゅ∠ ヨ∇ャやノ∇らｚャやヶワヱラへ∇ゲボ∇ャやレ ∠ るョジョ ∠ ͡ ∠ ルん∠ ⊥ ジ ∠ ͡ ∠ ͡ ⊥ «リ∇Βヘ∇ダルヵ͡ ∇らハリ∇Βよヱ ͡ ∠ ͡ ギ ∠ ∠ ∠∠(Allah has never revealed in t he Tawrah or t he Inj il anyt hing similar t o Umm Al-Quran.It is t he seven repeat ed verses and it is divided int o t wo halves bet ween Allah and His servant .)This is t he wording report ed by An-Nasai. At -Tirmidhi said t hat t his Hadit h is Hasan Gharib.Also, Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Ibn Jabir said, "I went t o t he Messenger of Allah aft er he hadpoured wat er (for purificat ion) and said, ` Peace be unt o you, O Messenger of Allah! He did notanswer me. So I said again, ` Peace be unt o you, O Messenger of Allah! Again, he did notanswer me, so I said again, ` Peace be unt o you, O Messenger of Allah! St ill he did not answerme. The Messenger of Allah went while I was following him, unt il he arrived at his residence. Iwent t o t he Masj id and sat t here sad and depressed. The Messenger of Allah came out aft er heperformed his purificat ion and said, (Peace and Allahs mercy be unt o you, peace and Allahsmercy be unt o you, peace and Allahs mercy be unt o you.) He t hen said, (O ` Abdullah bin Jabir!Should I inform you of t he best Surah in t he Quran) I said, ` Yes, O Messenger of Allah! He said,(Read, ` All praise be t o Allah, t he Lord of t he exist ence, unt il you finish it .) This Hadit h has agood chain of narrat ors.Some scholars relied on t his Hadit h as evidence t hat some Ayat and Surahs have more virt uest han ot hers.Furt hermore, in t he chapt er about t he virt ues of t he Quran, Al-Bukhari recorded t hat AbuSa` id Al-Khudri said, "Once, we were on a j ourney when a female servant came and said, ` Theleader of t his area has been poisoned and our people are away. Is t here a healer among youThen a man whose healing expert ise did not int erest us st ood for her, he read a Ruqyah forhim, and he was healed. The chief gave him t hirt y sheep as a gift and some milk. When hecame back t o us we said t o him, ` You know of a (new) Ruqyah, or did you do t his before Hesaid, ` I only used Umm Al-Kit ab as Ruqyah. We said, ` Do not do anyt hing furt her unt il we askt he Messenger of Allah. When we went back t o Al-Madinah we ment ioned what had happenedt o t he Prophet . The Prophet said,ヶ͡ やヲ⊥ ͡ ∇ッや∠ やヲ⊥ ジ∇ホや ∀ ∠ ∇ホケゅ∠ ルぺヮΑ͡ ∇ギΑ ラゅ∠ ゅ∠ ヱ» ャよゲヱヨ͡ るΒ ⊥ ヰｚ ∠ ͡ ケ ⊥ ∠ ミョ∠ «ユ∇ヰジよ ∃ ∠͡(Who t old him t hat it is a Ruqyah Divide (t he sheep) and reserve a share for me.)

Also, Muslim recorded in his Sahih, and An-Nasai in his Sunan t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "While Jibril(Gabriel) was wit h t he Messenger of Allah , he heard a noise from above. Jibril lift ed his sightt o t he sky and said, ` This is a door in heaven being open, and it has never been opened beforenow. An angel descended from t hat door and came t o t he Prophet and said, ` Receive t he gladt idings of t wo light s t hat you have been given, which no ot her Prophet before you was given:t he Opening of t he Book and t he last (t hree) Ayat of Surat Al-Baqarah. You will not read alet t er of t hem, but will gain it s benefit . This is t he wording collect ed by An-Nasai (Al-Kubra5:12) and Muslim recorded similar wording (1:554). Al-Fatihah and the PrayerMuslim recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he Prophet said,ヶヰプラへ∇ゲボ∇ャやｚぺゅ∠ Β͡ ∇ぺゲ∇ボΑ ∇ユャりゅ∠タヴ∠タ ∇リョ»∠ ͡ ∠ ͡ ⊥ ュ⊥ ヰプ ∠ ∠ ∠ ⇔ ヤ∠ ヤ∠ ∠ «ュゅ∠ ゎゲ∇Βビゅ⇔ ゅ∠を ∀ や∠ ͡ ∃ ヨ∠ ⊥ ∠ をヤ∠ ァギカ(Whoever performs any prayer in which he did not read Umm Al-Quran, t hen his prayer isincomplet e.) He said it t hrice.Abu Hurayrah was asked, " When we st and behind t he Imam He said, "Read it t o yourself, forI heard t he Messenger of Allah say,リ∇Βよヱヶ͡ ∇Βよりゅ∠ダャやろ∇ヨジホ :モィヱゴハヮヤャやメゅ∠ »∠ ∠ ∠ レ ∠ ∠ ヤ∂ ⊥ ∠ ∠ ｚ ∠ ∠ ｚ ∠ ⊥ ｚ ∠ ホ :メゅ∠ や∠ みプメほシゅ∠ ヵ͡ ∇らバャヱリ∇Βヘ∇ダルヵ͡ ∇らハ ∠ ホク͡ ∠ ∠ ∠ ∠ ョギ ∠ ͡ ∠ ͡ ∠ ͡ ギ ∠ヶ͡ ギヨェ :ぶやメゅ∠ ∩びリΒ͡ ヤ⇒∠ ∇ャやゆケヮヤャギ∇ヨエ∇ャやぴル∠ ͡ ∠ ⊥ ∠ ホ ∠ ヨ∠ バあ ∠ ͡ ｚ ⊥ ∠ :メゅ∠ や∠ まヱヵ͡ ∇らハ ∠ ホク͡ ∠ ギ ∠∩ヵ͡ ∇らハヶヤハヴレ∇をぺ :ぶやメゅ∠ ∩びユΒ͡ ゲャやリ⇒∠ ∇ェゲャやぴギ ∠ ｚ ∠∠ ∠ ⊥ ∠ ホ ͡ ェｚ ͡ ヨｚ :メゅ∠ や∠ み∠ ∠ ホクプメゅ∠ ヱヵ͡ ∇らハヶ͡ ギイョ :ぶやメゅ∠ ∩びリΑあャやュ∇ヲΑ マヤ⇒∠ ぴ∠ ホ∠ ギ ∠ ル∠ ｚ ∠ ⊥ ∠ ホ ͡ ギ ͡ ∠ ͡ ͡ ョ :メゅ∠ や∠ みプヵ͡ ∇らハヶャまチヲプ :りゲョ ∠ ホク͡∠ ギ ∠ ｚ ∠͡ ∠ ｚ ∠ ⇔ ｚ ∠

リ∇Βよヱヶレ∇Βよや∠ ワ :メゅ∠ ∩びリΒ͡ わ∇ジルポゅｚまヱギら∇バルポゅｚまぴ∠ ∠ ∠ ͡ ∠ グ ∠ ホ ⊥ バ∠ ∠ ∠ Α͡∠ ⊥ ⊥ ∠ ∠ Α͡ :メゅ∠ や∠ みプ ∩∠ ほシゅ∠ ヵ͡ ∇らバャヱヵ͡ ∇らハ ∠ ホク͡∠ メ∠∠ ョギ ∠ ͡∠ ギ ∠ろ∇ヨバ∇ルぺリΑ͡ ャやヅや∠ タ - ユΒ͡ わ∇ジヨ∇ャやヅや∠ ダャやゅ∠ ͡ ∇ワやぴ∠ ∠ ∠ ∠ グｚ ∠ ゲ͡ ∠ ボ∠ ⊥ ∠ ゲあルギ∩び ∠ Βあべｚャや Ιヱ ∇ユヰ∇Βヤハゆヲ⊥ ∇ピヨ∇ャやゲ∇Βビ ∇ユヰ∇Βヤハリャツ ∠ ∠ ͡ ∠∠ ͡ ツ ∠ ͡ ∠ ͡ ∠∠ «メほシゅ∠ ヵ͡ ∇らバャヱヵ͡ ∇らバャや∠ ワ :ぶやメゅ∠ ∠ ∠ ∠ ョギ ∠ ͡∠ ギ ∠ ͡ グ ⊥ ∠ ホ(Allah, t he Exalt ed, said, ` I have divided t he prayer (Al-Fat ihah) int o t wo halves bet weenMyself and My servant , and My servant shall have what he asks for. If he says, びリΒ͡ ヤ⇒∠ ∇ャやゆケヮヤャギ∇ヨエ∇ャやぴ ∠ ヨ∠ バあ ∠ ͡ ｚ ⊥ ∠(All praise and t hanks be t o Allah, t he Lord of exist ence.)Allah says, ` My servant has praised Me. When t he servant says, びユΒ͡ ゲャやリ⇒∠ ∇ェゲャやぴ ͡ ェｚ ͡ ヨｚ(The Most Gracious, t he Most Merciful.)Allah says, ` My servant has glorified Me. When he says, びリΑあャやュ∇ヲΑ マヤ⇒∠ ぴ ͡ ギ ͡ ∠ ͡ ͡ョ(The Owner of t he Day of Recompense.) Allah says, ` My servant has glorified Me, or ` Myservant has relat ed all mat t ers t o Me. When he says, びリΒ͡ わ∇ジルポゅｚまヱギら∇バルポゅｚまぴ ⊥ バ∠ ∠ ∠ Α͡∠ ⊥ ⊥ ∠ ∠ Α͡(You (alone) we worship, and You (alone) we ask for help.) Allah says, ` This is bet ween Me andMy servant , and My servant shall acquire what he sought . When he says,

ろ∇ヨバ∇ルぺリΑ͡ ャやヅや∠ タ - ユΒ͡ わ∇ジヨ∇ャやヅや∠ ダャやゅ∠ ͡ ∇ワやぴ∠ ∠ ∠ ∠ グｚ ∠ ゲ͡ ∠ ボ∠ ⊥ ∠ ゲあルギびリΒあべｚャや Ιヱ ∇ユヰ∇Βヤハゆヲ⊥ ∇ピヨ∇ャやゲ∇Βビ ∇ユヰ∇Βヤハ ∠ ャツ ∠ ∠ ͡ ∠∠ ͡ ツ ∠ ͡ ∠ ͡ ∠∠(Guide us t o t he st raight pat h. The way of t hose on whom You have grant ed Your grace, not(t he way) of t hose who earned Your anger, nor of t hose who went ast ray), Allah says, ` This isfor My servant , and My servant shall acquire what he asked for.).These are t he words of An-Nasai, while bot h Muslim and An-Nasai collect ed t he followingwording, "A half of it is for Me and a half for My servant , and My servant shall acquire what heasked for. Explaining this HadithThe last Hadit h used t he word Salah ` prayer in reference t o recit ing t he Quran, (Al-Fat ihahin t his case) j ust as Allah said in anot her Ayah,リ∇Βよヒわ∇よや∠ ゅ∠ よ ∇ろプゅ∠ ゎ ΙヱマゎΚ∠ よ ∇ゲヰ∇イゎ Ιヱぴ∠ ∠ ͡ ∠ ヱヰ͡ ͡ ガ⊥ ∠ ∠ ∠ ͡ ダ͡ ∠ ∠ ∠ ∠ びΚΒ͡ シマャク ⇔ ら∠ ∠ ͡∠(And offer your Salah (prayer) neit her aloud nor in a low voice, but follow a way bet ween.)meaning, wit h your recit at ion of t he Quran, as t he Sahih relat ed from Ibn ` Abbas. Also, in t helast Hadit h, Allah said, "I have divided t he prayer bet ween Myself and My servant int o t wohalves, a half for Me and a half for My servant . My servant shall have what he asked for. Allahnext explained t he division t hat involves recit ing Al-Fat ihah, demonst rat ing t he import ance ofrecit ing t he Quran during t he prayer, which is one of t he prayers great est pillars. Hence, t heword ` prayer was used here alt hough only a part of it was act ually being referred t o, t hat is,recit ing t he Quran. Similarly, t he word ` recit e was used where prayer is meant , asdemonst rat ed by Allahs st at ement , びや⇔ ヲ⊥ ∇ゼョラゅ∠ ゲ∇イヘ∇ャやラや∠ ∇ゲホラまゲ∇イヘ∇ャやラや∠ ∇ゲホヱぴキヰ ∠ ∠ ミ ͡ ∠ ∠ ￢ ⊥ ｚ ͡ ͡ ∠ ∠ ￢ ⊥∠(And recit e t he Quran in t he early dawn.Verily, t he recit at ion of t he Quran in t he early dawn isever wit nessed.) in reference t o t he Faj r prayer. The Two Sahihs recorded t hat t he angels oft he night and t he day at t end t his prayer. Reciting Al-Fatihah is required in Every Rak` ah of the PrayerAll of t hese fact s t est ify t o t he requirement t hat recit ing t he Quran (Al-Fat ihah) in t he prayeris required, and t here is a consensus bet ween t he scholars on t his ruling. The Hadit h t hat wement ioned also t est ifies t o t his fact , for t he Prophet said,

ヶヰプラへ∇ゲボ∇ャやあほよゅ∠ Β͡ ∇ぺゲ∇ボΑ ∇ユャりゅ∠タヴｚタ ∇リョ»∠ ͡ ∠ ͡ ⊥ ュ⊥ ͡ ヰプ ∠ ∠ ∠ ⇔ ヤ∠ ヤ∠ ∠ «∀ や∠ ͡ ァギカ(Whoever performs any prayer in which he did not recit e Umm Al-Quran, his prayer isincomplet e.)Also, t he Two Sahihs recorded t hat ` Ubadah bin As-Samit said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said, «ゆゅ∠ ム∇ャやるエゎゅ∠ よ ∇ぺゲ∇ボΑ ∇ユャ ∇リヨャりゅ∠タゅ∠» ͡ わ͡ ͡ ∠ ͡ ヘ͡ ∠ ∠ ∠ ∠ ͡ ∠ ヤ∠ ャ(There is no prayer for whoever does not recit e t he Opening of t he Book.)Also, t he Sahihs of Ibn Khuzaymah and Ibn Hibban recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat t heMessenger of Allah said, «ラへゲ⊥ ∇ャやあほよゅ∠ Β͡ ぺゲ∇ボΑ ゅ∠ ∀ ゅ∠∠ むゴ∇イゎゅ∠» ͡ ボュ⊥͡ ヰプ ⊥∠ ⊥ ャりヤタ ⊥ ͡ ⊥ ャ(The prayer during which Umm Al-Quran is not recit ed is invalid.)There are many ot her Hadit hs on t his subj ect . Therefore, recit ing t he Opening of t he Book,during t he prayer by t he Imam and t hose praying behind him, is required in every prayer, andin every Rak` ah. The Tafsir of Isti` adhah (seeking Refuge)Allah said,リΒ͡ヰ⇒∠ ∇ャやリハチ͡ ∇ハぺヱフ∇ゲバ∇ャゅ͡ ∇ゲョ∇ぺヱヲ∇ヘバ∇ャやグカぴ∠ ヤ͡ イ ͡ ∠ ゲ ∠∠ ͡ ⊥ よ ⊥ ∠ ∠ ∠ ͡ ⊥ヮヤャゅ͡ ∇グバわ∇シゅ∠ ∀ ∇ゴ∠ リ⇒∠ ∇ΒゼャやリョマレビゴレΑ ゅｚまヱ -͡ ｚよ ͡ ∠ プパル ͡ トｚ ∠ ͡ ∠ ｚ ∠ ∠ ∠ ∠ ョ͡ ∠ び ∀ Β͡∠ ∀ Β͡ ∠ ヮｚまユヤハノヨシ ⊥ ル͡(Show forgiveness, enj oin what is good, and st ay away from t he foolish (i.e. dont punisht hem). And if an evil whisper comes t o you from Shayt an (Sat an), t hen seek refuge wit h Allah.Verily, He is Hearing, Knowing) (7:199-200),

ゅ∠ ͡ ユヤ∇ハぺリ∇エルるゃΒジャやリジ∇ェぺヴワヴ͡ ャゅ͡ ∇ノプ∇キやぴヨよ ⊥ ∠ ∠ ⊥ ∠ ∠ ∠ あｚ ⊥ ∠ ∠ ∠ ͡ わｚよ ∠れや∠ ヨワ ∇リョマよクヲ⊥ ぺゆケ ∇モホヱ - ラヲ⊥ ダΑ͡ ゴ∠ ∠ ͡ ∠ ͡ ⊥ ハ ∠ あｚ ⊥ ∠ ∠ ヘ͡ ∠ びラヱ⊥ ツ∇エΑ ラ∠ ゆケマよクヲ⊥ ぺヱ - リΒ͡ ⇒Βｚャや ͡ ゲ⊥ ∠ ぺあ ∠ ∠ ͡ ⊥ ハ∠∠ ͡ トゼ(Repel evil wit h t hat which is bet t er. We are Best -Acquaint ed wit h t hings t hey ut t er. And say:"My Lord! I seek refuge wit h You from t he whisperings (suggest ions) of t he Shayat in (devils).And I seek refuge wit h You, My Lord! lest t hey should come near me.) (23:96-98) and,ヴワヴ͡ ャゅ͡ ∇ノプ∇キやる∠ Βジャや Ιヱるレジエ∇ャやン͡ ∠ ∇ジ∠ Ιヱぴ∠ ͡ わｚよ ∠ ⊥ ゃあｚ ∠ ∠ ⊥ ∠ ∠ ∠ ヲわゎ ∠ ∠ヴャヱヮルほミ ∀ ∠ や∠ ∠ ヮレ∇Βよヱマレ∇Βよン͡ ャやや∠ みプリジ∇ェぺｘ ͡∠ ⊥ ｚ ∠∠ りヱギハ ⊥ ∠ ∠ ∠ ∠ ∠ ∠ グｚク͡∠ ⊥ ∠ ∠べ∠ ゅｚヤΑ ゅ∠ ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ らタリΑ͡ ャや Ιまゅ∠ ゅｚヤΑ ゅ∠ ヱ - ∀ Β͡ ェワボ∠⊥ ョヱゲ∠ ∠ ∠ グｚｚ ͡ ワボ∠⊥ ョ∠ ユヨ∠リ⇒∠ ∇Βゼャやリョマレビゴレ∠ ゅｚまヱ - ユΒ͡ ハナェヱ⊥ Ιま͡ トｚ ∠ ͡ ∠ ｚ ∠ ∠ Α ョ͡ ∠ ∃ ヌ ∠ あ ∠ クｚ ͡ びユΒ͡バ∇ャやノΒ͡ ジャやヲワヮｚまヮヤャゅ͡ ∇グバわ∇シゅ∠ ∀ ∇ゴ∠ ⊥ ヤ∠ ⊥ ヨｚ ∠ ⊥ ⊥ ル͡ ͡ ｚよ ͡ ∠ プパル(Repel (an evil) wit h one which is bet t er, t hen verily he wit h whom t here was enmit y bet weenyou, (will become) as t hough he was a close friend. But none is grant ed it except t hose who arepat ient and none is grant ed it except t he owner of t he great port ion (of happiness in t heHereaft er, i.e. Paradise and of a high moral charact er) in t his world. And if an evil whisperfrom Shayt an t ries t o t urn you away (O Muhammad ) (from doing good), t hen seek refuge inAllah. Verily, He is t he Hearing, t he Knowing.) (41:34-36) These are t he only t hree Ayat t hatcarry t his meaning. Allah commanded t hat we be lenient human enemy, so t hat his soft nat uremight make him an ally and a support er. He also commanded t hat we seek refuge from t hesat anic enemy, because t he devil does not relent in his enmit y if we t reat him wit h kindnessand leniency. The devil only seeks t he dest ruct ion of t he Son of Adam due t o t he vicious enmit yand hat red he has always had t owards mans fat her, Adam. Allah said,ユ⊥ ∇Αヲよぺァゲ∇カぺべ∠ ミリ⇒∠ ∇Βゼャやユムレレわ∇ヘΑ Ι ュキへヴ͡ ら⇒∠ ぴム ∠ ∠ ∠ ∠ ∠ ∠ ヨ∠ ⊥ トｚ ⊥ ⊥ ｚ ∠ ͡ ∠ ∠ ∠ ∠ レ∠ Α びるレイ∇ャやリョ ͡ ｚ∠ ∠ あ(O Children of Adam! Let not Shayt an deceive you, as he got your parent s Adam and Hawwa(Eve) out of Paradise) (7:27),

ヲ⊥ ∇ギ∠ ゅ∠ ルまやヱギハロヱ⊥ ガゎゅ∠ ヱギハ ∇ユムャリ⇒∠ ∇Βゼャやラまぴハ Α ヨｚ ͡ ⇔ ∂ ⊥ ∠ ⊥ グ ͡ ｚプｘ ⊥ ∠ ⊥ ∠ ∠ トｚｚ ͡ びゲΒ͡ ジャやょ⇒∠ ∇タぺ ∇リョ ∇やヲ⊥ ヲ⊥ Βャヮよ∇ゴェ ͡ バｚ ͡ エ ∠ ͡ ルム∠ ͡ ⊥ ∠ ͡(Surely, Shayt an is an enemy t o you, so t ake (t reat ) him as an enemy. He only invit es his Hizb(followers) t hat t hey may become t he dwellers of t he blazing Fire) (35:6) and,∇ユムャ ∇ユワヱヴ͡ ヱ⊥ リ͡ ￢べ∠ ャ∇ヱぺヮわｚあクヱヮルヱ⊥ ガわわプぺぴ ⊥ ∠ ⊥ ∠ ルキョ ∠ Β͡ ∠ ⊥ ∠ Αケ⊥ ∠ ⊥ ∠ グ͡ ｚ ∠ ∠ ∠ びΙギよリΒ͡ ヤ⇒ｚヤ͡ ザ∇ゃよヱギハ ⇔ ∠ ∠ ∠ ヨ͡ ヌャ ∠ ͡ ｘ ⊥ ∠(Will you t hen t ake him (Iblis) and his offspring as prot ect ors and helpers rat her t han Me whilet hey are enemies t o you What an evil is t he exchange for t he Zalimun (polyt heist s, andwrongdoers, et c)) (18:50).The devil assured Adam t hat he want ed t o advise him, but he was lying. Hence, how would het reat us aft er he had vowed,ユヰ∇レョポキゅ∠ ハ ΙみレΒ͡ ヨ∇ィぺ ∇ユヰレΑヲ∇ビΕ マゎゴバらプぴ⊥ ⊥ ͡ ∠ ∠ ら͡ ｚ ͡∠ バ∠ ∠ ⊥ ｚ ∠ ͡ ∠ ͡ｚ ͡ ͡∠ びリΒ͡ ヤ∇ガヨ∇ャや ∠ ダ∠ ⊥("By Your might , t hen I will surely, mislead t hem all. Except Your chosen servant s among t hem(i.e. fait hful, obedient , t rue believers of Islamic Monot heism).) (38:82-83)Also, Allah said,リ⇒∠ ∇Βゼャやリョヮヤャゅ͡ ∇グバわ∇シゅ∠ ラや∠ ∇ゲボ∇ャやれ∇ぺゲホや∠ みプぴ͡ トｚ ∠ ͡ ͡ ｚよ ͡ ∠ プ ∠ ￢ ⊥ ∠ ∠ ∠ ク͡ ∠ びユΒ͡ ゲャや ͡ ィｚヴ∠∠ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ ョや∠ リΑ͡ ャやヴ∠ハラゅ∠ ∇ヤシヮャザ∇Βャヮｚまぴヤハヱレ∠ ￢ ∠ グｚヤ∠ ∀ ト ⊥ ⊥ ∠ ∠ ∠ ⊥ ル͡ヮル∇ヲャヲわΑ リΑ͡ ャやヴ∠ハヮレ⇒∠ ∇ヤシゅ∠ ルま - ラヲ⊥ミヲわΑ ∇ユヰよケ⊥ ∠ ｚ∠ ∠ ∠ ∠ グｚヤ∠ ⊥ ⊥ ト ⊥ ヨｚ ͡ ∠ ヤｚ ∠ ∠ ∠ ͡ あ ∠ びラヲミゲ∇ゼョヮよユ⊥ リΑ͡ ャや∠ ∠ ⊥ ͡ ⊥ ͡ ͡ ワ ∠ グｚヱ

(So when you want t o recit e t he Quran, seek refuge wit h Allah from Shayt an, t he out cast(t he cursed one). Verily, he has no power over t hose who believe and put t heir t rust only int heir Lord (Allah). His power is only over t hose who obey and follow him (Sat an), and t hose whoj oin part ners wit h Him.) (16:98-100). Seeking Refuge before reciting the QuranAllah said,リ⇒∠ ∇Βゼャやリョヮヤャゅ͡ ∇グバわ∇シゅ∠ ラや∠ ∇ゲボ∇ャやれ∇ぺゲホや∠ みプぴ͡ トｚ ∠ ͡ ͡ ｚよ ͡ ∠ プ ∠ ￢ ⊥ ∠ ∠ ∠ ク͡ ∠ びユΒ͡ ゲャや ͡ ィｚ(So when you want t o recit e t he Quran, seek refuge wit h Allah from Shayt an, t he out cast(t he cursed one).) meaning, before you recit e t he Quran. Similarly, Allah said,∇ユムワヲ⊥ ヱ ∇やヲ⊥ジ∇ビゅプりヲヤｚャやヴ∠ま ∇ユわ∇ヨホや∠ まぴ ⊥ ∠ ィ⊥ ヤ͡ ͡ ダャ͡ ⊥ ⊥ ク ͡ び∇ユムΑギ∇Αぺヱ ⊥ ∠ ͡ ∠∠(When you int end t o offer As-Salah (t he prayer), wash your faces and your hands (forearms))(5:6) meaning, before you st and in prayer, as evident by t he Hadit hs t hat we ment ioned. ImamAhmad recorded t hat Abu Sa` id Al-Khudri said, "When t he Messenger of Allah would st and up inprayer at night , he would st art his prayer wit h t he Takbir (saying "Allahu Akbar; Allah isGreat er) and would t hen supplicat e,∩∠ ヨ∇シやポケゅ∠ ゎヱ ∩∠ ギ∇ヨエよヱユヰヤャやマルゅ∠ ∇らシ» マ⊥ ∠ ∠ ら∠ ∠ ポ͡ ∠ ͡ ∠ ｚ ⊥ ｚ ∠ ∠ エ ⊥ «ポゲ∇Βビヮャまゅ∠ヱ ∩∠ ギ∠ ヴ∠ゅ∠ ゎヱ ∠ ⊥ ∠ ∠ ∠͡ ャ∠ ポぁィャバ∠ ∠(All praise is due t o You, O Allah, and also t he t hanks. Blessed be Your Name, Exalt ed be Yoursovereignt y, and t here is no deit y wort hy of worship except You.)He would t hen say t hrice, «ぶやゅｚまヮャまゅ∠» ⊥ ャ͡ ∠ ∠ ͡ ャ(There is no deit y wort hy of worship except Allah,).

He would t hen say,ユΒ͡ ゲャやラゅ∠ ∇ΒゼャやリョユΒ͡バ∇ャやノΒ͡ ジャやぶゅ͡ クヲ⊥ ぺ»͡ ィｚ ͡ トｚ ∠ ͡ ͡ ヤ∠ ͡ ヨｚ ͡ よ ⊥ ハ∠ «ヮん∇ヘルヱヮガ∇ヘルヱロゴ∇ヨワ ∇リョ ͡ ͡ ∠∠ ͡ ͡ ∠∠ ͡ ∠ ∠ ͡(I seek refuge wit h Allah, t he Hearing, t he Knowing, from t he cursed Sat an, from his coercion,lures t o arrogance and poems.).The four collect ors of t he Sunan recorded t his Hadit h, which At -Tirmidhi considered t he mostfamous Hadit h on t his subj ect .Abu Dawud and Ibn Maj ah recorded t hat Jubayr bin Mut ` im said t hat his fat her said, "When t heMessenger of Allah st art ed t he prayer, he said,ゅ⇔ ゅ∠をや⇔ Β͡ ミぶギ∇ヨエ∇ャやゅ⇔ ゅ∠をや⇔ Β͡ ミゲら∇ミぺぶや» をヤ∠ ゲん∠ ͡ ⊥ ∠ をヤ∠ ゲら∠ ⊥ ∠ ∠ ⊥マよクヲ⊥ ぺヶあまユヰヤャやゅ⇔ ゅ∠をゅ⇔Β͡ ぺヱりゲ∇ムよぶやラゅ∠ ∇らシ∠ ͡ ⊥ ハ∠ ル͡ ｚ ⊥ ｚをヤ∠ ヤタ∠∠ ⇔ ∠ ⊥ ͡ ∠ エ ⊥ «ヮん∇ヘルヱヮガ∇ヘルヱロゴ∇ヨワ ∇リョユΒ͡ ゲャやラゅ∠ ∇Βゼャやリョ ͡ ͡ ∠ ∠ ͡ ͡ ∠ ∠ ͡ ͡ ∠ ͡ ͡ ィｚ ͡ トｚ ∠ ͡(Allah is t he Great er, t ruly t he Great est (t hrice); all praise is due t o Allah always (t hrice); andall praise is due t o Allah day and night (t hrice). O Allah! I seek refuge wit h You from t he cursedSat an, from his Hamz, Nafkh and Naft h.). ` Amr said, "The Hamz means asphyxiat ion, t heNafkh means arrogance, and t he Naft h means poet ry. Also, Ibn Maj ah recorded t hat ` Ali binAl-Mundhir said t hat Ibn Fudayl narrat ed t hat ` At a bin As-Saib said t hat Abu ` Abdur-RahmanAs-Sulami said t hat Ibn Mas` ud said t hat t he Prophet said,ユΒ͡ ゲャやラゅ∠ Βｚャやリョマよクヲ⊥ ぺヶあまユヰヤャや»͡ ィ∠ ͡ トゼ ∠ ͡ ∠ ͡ ⊥ ハ∠ ル͡ ｚ ⊥ ｚ «ヮん∇ヘルヱヮガ∇ヘルヱロゴ∇ヨワヱ ͡ ͡ ∠∠ ͡ ͡ ∠∠ ͡ ͡ ∠ ∠(O Allah! I seek refuge wit h You from t he cursed devil, from his Hamz, Nafkh and Naft h.)He said, "The Hamz means deat h, t he Nafkh means arrogance, and t he Naft h means poet ry. Seeking Refuge with Allah when One is AngryIn his Musnad, Al-Hafiz Abu Ya` la Ahmad bin ` Ali bin Al-Mut hanna Al-Mawsili report ed t hatUbayy bin Ka` b said, "Two men disput ed wit h each ot her in t he presence of t he Messenger ofAllah and t he nose of one of t hem became swollen because of ext reme anger. The Messenger ofAllah said,

:ギイΑ ゅ∠ ヮ∇レハょワグャヮャゅ∠ ∇ヲャゅ⇔ ∇Βセユヤ∇ハほャヶあま» ⊥ ͡ ∠ ョ ⊥ ∠ ∠ ∠ ∠ ∠ ⊥ ∠ ホ ∠ ゃ ∠ ⊥ ∠ ∠∠ ル͡ «ユΒ͡ ゲャやラゅ∠ ∇Βゼャやリョぶゅ͡ クヲ⊥ ぺ ͡ ィｚ ͡ トｚ ∠ ͡ ͡ よ ⊥ ハ ∠(I know of some words t hat if he said t hem, what he feels will go away, I seek refuge wit hAllah from t he cursed Sat an.)An-Nasai also recorded t his Hadit h in his book, Al-Yawm wal-Laylah.Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Sulayman bin Surad said, "Two men disput ed in t he presence of t heProphet while we were sit t ing wit h him. One of t hem was cursing t he ot her fellow and his facet urned red due t o anger. The Prophet said,∇ヲャ ∩⊥ イΑ ゅ∠ ヮ∇レハょワグャゅ∠ ャゅ∠ ∇ヲャるヨヤミユヤ∇ハほャヶあま» ∠ ギ͡ ∠ ョ ⊥ ∠ ∠ ∠ ∠ ∠ ヰ∠ ホ ∠ ⇔ ∠ ͡∠ ⊥ ∠ ∠∠ ル͡ «ユΒ͡ ゲャやラゅ∠ ∇Βゼャやリョぶゅ͡ クヲ⊥ ぺ :メゅ∠ ͡ ィｚ ͡ トｚ ∠ ͡ ͡ よ ⊥ ハ ∠ ∠ ホ(I know of a st at ement which if he said it , will make what he feels disappear, ` I seek refugewit h Allah from t he cursed Sat an.) They said t o t he man, ` Do you not hear what t he Messengerof Allah is saying He said, ` I am not insane. Also, Muslim, Abu Dawud and An-Nasai recordedt his Hadit h.There are many ot her Hadit hs about seeking refuge wit h Allah. One can find t his subj ect in t hebooks on supplicat ion and t he virt ues of right eous, good deeds Is the Isti` adhah (seeking Refuge) requiredThe maj orit y of t he scholars st at e t hat recit ing t he Ist i` adhah (in t he prayer and when recit ingt he Quran) is recommended and not required, and t herefore, not recit ing it does notconst it ut e a sin. However, Ar-Razi recorded t hat ` At a bin Abi Rabah said t hat t he Ist i` adhah isrequired in t he prayer and when one reads t he Quran. In support of ` At as st at ement , Ar-Razirelied upon t he apparent meaning of t he Ayah, び∇グバわ∇シゅ∠ ぴ ͡∠ プ(Then seek refuge.) He said t hat t he Ayah cont ains a command t hat requires implement at ion.Also, t he Prophet always said t he Ist i` adhah. In addit ion, t he Ist i` adhah wards off t he evil ofSat an, which is neccessary, t he rule is t hat t he means needed t o implement a requirement oft he religion is it self also required. And when one says, "I seek refuge wit h Allah from t he curseddevil. Then t his will suffice. Virtues of the Isti` adhah

The Ist i` adhah cleanses t he mout h from t he foul speech t hat it has indulged in. It also purifiest he mout h and prepares it t o recit e t he speech of Allah. Furt her, t he Ist i` adhah ent ails seekingAllahs help and acknowledging His abilit y t o do everyt hing. The Ist i` adhah also affirms t heservant s meekness, weakness and inabilit y t o face t he enemy of his inner evil, whom Allahalone, Who creat ed t his enemy, is able t o repel and defeat . This enemy does not acceptkindness, unlike t he human enemy. There are t hree Ayat in t he Quran t hat affirm t his fact .Also, Allah said,マよゲよヴ∠ ミヱ ∀ ⇒∠ ∇ヤシ ∇ユヰ∇Βヤハマャザ∇Βャン͡ ゅ∠ ハラまぴ∠ あ ∠ ͡ ヘ∠ ∠ リト ⊥ ͡ ∠∠ ∠ ∠ ∠ ∠ キら͡ ｚ ͡ び ΚΒ͡ ヱ ⇔ ミ∠(Verily, My servant s (i.e. t he t rue believers of Islamic Monot heism) you have no aut horit y overt hem. And sufficient is your Lord as a Guardian.) (17:65).We should st at e here t hat t he believers, whom t he human enemies kill, become mart yrs, whilet hose who fall vict im t o t he inner enemy - Sat an - become bandit s. Furt her, t he believers whoare defeat ed by t he apparent enemy - disbelievers - gain a reward, while t hose defeat ed byt he inner enemy earn a sin and become misguided. Since Sat an sees man where man cannotsee him, it is befit t ing t hat t he believers seek refuge from Sat an wit h Whom Sat an cannot see.The Ist i` adhah is a form of drawing closer t o Allah and seeking refuge wit h Him from t he evil ofevery evil creat ure. What does Isti` adhah meanIst i` adhah means, "I seek refuge wit h Allah from t he cursed Sat an so t hat he is prevent ed fromaffect ing my religious or worldly affairs, or hindering me from adhering t o what I wascommanded, or luring me int o what I was prohibit ed from. Indeed, only Allah is able t oprevent t he evil of Sat an from t ouching t he son of Adam. This is why Allah allowed us t o belenient and kind wit h t he human devil, so t hat his soft nat ure might cause him t o refrain fromt he evil he is indulging in. However, Allah required us t o seek refuge wit h Him from t he evil ofSat an, because he neit her accept s bribes nor does kindness affect him, for he is pure evil.Thus, only He Who creat ed Sat an is able t o st op his evil. This meaning is reit erat ed in onlyt hree Ayat in t he Quran. Allah said in Surat Al-A` raf,リハチ͡ ∇ハぺヱフ∇ゲバ∇ャゅ͡ ∇ゲョ∇ぺヱヲ∇ヘバ∇ャやグカぴ͡∠ ゲ ∠∠ ͡ ⊥ よ ⊥ ∠ ∠ ∠ ͡ ⊥ びリΒ͡ヰ⇒∠ ∇ャや ∠ ヤ͡ イ(Show forgiveness, enj oin what is good, and t urn away from t he foolish (i.e. dont punisht hem).) (7:199)This is about dealing wit h human beings. He t hen said in t he same Surah,

ヮヤャゅ͡ ∇グバわ∇シゅ∠ ∀ ∇ゴ∠ リ⇒∠ ∇ΒゼャやリョマレビゴレΑ ゅョまヱぴ͡ ｚよ ͡ ∠ プパル ͡ トｚ ∠ ͡ ∠ ｚ ∠ ∠ ∠ ∠ ｚ ͡∠ び ∀ Β͡∠ ∀ Β͡ ∠ ヮｚまユヤハノヨシ ⊥ ル͡(And if an evil whisper comes t o you from Shayt an, t hen seek refuge wit h Allah. Verily, He isHearing, Knowing (7: 200).)Allah also said in Surat Al-Muminun,ゅ∠ ͡ ユヤ∇ハぺリ∇エルるゃΒジャやリジ∇ェぺヴワヴ͡ ャゅ͡ ∇ノプ∇キやぴヨよ ⊥ ∠ ∠ ⊥ ∠ ∠ ∠ あｚ ⊥ ∠ ∠ ∠ ͡ わｚよ ∠れや∠ ヨワ ∇リョマよクヲ⊥ ぺゆケ ∇モホヱ - ラヲ⊥ ダΑ͡ ゴ∠ ∠ ͡ ∠ ͡ ⊥ ハ ∠ あｚ ⊥ ∠ ∠ ヘ͡ ∠ びラヱ⊥ ツ∇エΑ ラ∠ ゆケマよクヲ⊥ ぺヱ - リΒ͡ ⇒Βｚャや ͡ ゲ⊥ ∠ ぺあ ∠ ∠ ͡ ⊥ ハ∠∠ ͡ トゼ(Repel evil wit h t hat which is bet t er. We are Best -Acquaint ed wit h t he t hings t hey ut t er. Andsay: "My Lord! I seek refuge wit h You from t he whisperings (suggest ions) of t he Shayat in(devils). And I seek refuge wit h You, My Lord! lest t hey should come near me. (23:96-98).)Furt her, Allah said in Surat As-Saj dah,ヴワヴ͡ ャゅ͡ ∇ノプ∇キやる∠ Βジャや Ιヱるレジエ∇ャやン͡ ∠ ∇ジ∠ Ιヱぴ∠ ͡ わｚよ ∠ ⊥ ゃあｚ ∠ ∠ ⊥ ∠ ∠ ∠ ヲわゎ ∠ ∠ヴャヱヮルほミ ∀ ∠ や∠ ∠ ヮレ∇Βよヱマレ∇Βよン͡ ャやや∠ みプリジ∇ェぺｘ ͡∠ ⊥ ｚ ∠∠ りヱギハ ⊥ ∠ ∠ ∠ ∠ ∠ ∠ グｚク͡∠ ⊥ ∠ ∠べ∠ ゅｚヤΑ ゅ∠ ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ らタリΑ͡ ャや Ιまゅ∠ ゅｚヤΑ ゅ∠ ヱ - ∀ Β͡ ェワボ∠⊥ ョヱゲ∠ ∠ ∠ グｚｚ ͡ ワボ∠⊥ ョ∠ ユヨ∠リ⇒∠ ∇Βゼャやリョマレビゴレ∠ ゅｚまヱ - ユΒ͡ ハナェヱ⊥ Ιま͡ トｚ ∠ ͡ ∠ ｚ ∠ ∠ Α ョ͡ ∠ ∃ ヌ ∠ あ ∠ クｚ ͡ びユΒ͡バ∇ャやノΒ͡ ジャやヲワヮｚまヮヤャゅ͡ ∇グバわ∇シゅ∠ ∀ ∇ゴ∠ ⊥ ヤ∠ ⊥ ヨｚ ∠ ⊥ ⊥ ル͡ ͡ ｚよ ͡ ∠ プパル(The good deed and t he evil deed cannot be equal. Repel (t he evil) wit h one which is bet t er,t hen verily he, bet ween whom and you t here was enmit y, (will become) as t hough he was aclose friend. But none is grant ed it (t he above qualit y) except t hose who are pat ient andnone is grant ed it except t he owner of t he great port ion (of happiness in t he Hereaft er, i.e.Paradise and of a high moral charact er) in t his world. And if an evil whisper from Shayt an t riest o t urn you away (from doing good), t hen seek refuge in Allah. Verily, He is t he Hearing, t heKnowing) (41:34-36). Why the Devil is called Shaytan

In t he Arabic language, Shayt an is derived from Shat ana, which means t he far t hing. Hence, t heShayt an has a different nat ure t han mankind, and his sinful ways are far away from every t ypeof right eousness. It was also said t hat Shayt an is derived from Shat a, (lit erally ` burned),because it was creat ed from fire. Some scholars said t hat bot h meanings are correct , alt hought hey st at e t hat t he first meaning is more plausible. Furt her, Siybawayh (t he renowned Arablinguist ic) said, "The Arabs say, ` So-and-so has Tashayt an, when he commit s t he act of t hedevils. If Shayt an was derived from Shat a, t hey would have said, Tashayyat a (rat her t hanTashayt an). Hence, Shayt an is derived from t he word t hat means, far away. This is why t heycall t hose who are rebellious (or mischievous) from among t he Jinns and mankind a ` Shayt an.Allah said,ザ∇ルΗやリΒ͡ ⇒∠ セやヱギハヴらルあムャゅ∠ ∇ヤバィマャグミヱぴ͡ ͡ ∠ ト Β∠ ⇔∂ ⊥ ∠ ｙ ͡ ͡ モ⊥ ͡ レ ∠ ∠ ∠ ͡∠ ∠ ∠メ∇ヲボ∇ャやフゲ∇カコヂ∇バよヴ∠ま ∇ユヰツ∇バよヴ͡ ヲ⊥ リイ∇ャや∠͡ ∠ ∠ ⊥ ⊥ ∃ ∠ ャ͡ ⊥ ⊥ ∠ ェ Α あ ͡ ヱびやケヱ⊥ ビ ⇔ ゲ⊥(And so We have appoint ed for every Prophet enemies Shayat in (devils) among mankind andJinn, inspiring one anot her wit h adorned speech as a delusion (or by way of decept ion))(6:112).In addit ion, t he Musnad by Imam Ahmad records t hat Abu Dharr said t hat t he Messenger ofAllah said,«リイ∇ャや∠ ザ∇ルみ∇ャや ͡ Β͡ ゅ∠ ∠ ∇リョぶゅ͡ ∇クヲバゎケクゅ∠ ∠ ゅ∠ » あ ͡ ヱ ͡ ͡ リデ Βセ ͡ ͡ よｚ ∠ ∠ ∠ ∠ よぺ Α(O Abu Dharr! Seek refuge wit h Allah from t he devils of mankind and t he Jinns.) Abu Dharr said,"I asked him , ` Are t here human devils He said, (Yes.) Furt hermore, it is recorded in SahihMuslim t hat Abu Dharr said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said, «キヲ∇シほ∇ャやょ∇ヤム∇ャや∠ ケゅ∠ エ∇ャや∠ りぺ∇ゲヨ∇ャやりゅ∠ダャやノト∇ボΑ» ⊥ ∠ ∠ ⊥ ∠ ヱ ⊥ ヨ͡ ヱ ⊥ ∠ ∠ ∠ ヤｚ ⊥ ∠ ∠(The woman, t he donkey and t he black dog int errupt t he prayer (if t hey pass in front of t hosewho do not pray behind a Sut rah, i.e. a barrier).) Abu Dharr said, "I said, ` What is t hedifference bet ween t he black dog and t he red or yellow dog He said, «∀ ゅ∠ ∇Βセキヲ∇シほ∇ャやょ∇ヤム∇ャや» ラト ∠ ⊥∠ ∠ ⊥ ∠(The black dog is a devil.).Also, Ibn Jarir At -Tabari recorded t hat ` Umar bin Al-Khat t ab once rode a Bert hawn (hugecamel) which st art ed t o proceed arrogant ly. ` Umar kept st riking t he animal, but t he animalkept walking in an arrogant manner. ` Umar dismount ed t he animal and said, "By Allah! You

have carried me on a Shayt an. I did not come down from it unt il aft er I had felt somet hingst range in my heart . This Hadit h has an aut hent ic chain of narrat ors. The Meaning of Ar-RajimAr-Raj im means, being expelled from all t ypes of right eousness. Allah said,ゅ∠ ⇒∠ ∇ヤバィヱウΒ͡ ⇒∠ ヨよゅ∠ ∇ルギャや ∠ べ∠ ジャやゅｚ Αコ ∇ギボャヱぴヰレ ∠ ∠ ∠ ∠ らダ∠ ͡ Β ぁ￢ヨｚレｚ ∠ ∠ ∠∠ びリΒ͡ ⇒∠ ゼヤあゅョヲ⊥ ケ ͡ ト Βｚャ ⇔ ィ⊥(And indeed We have adorned t he nearest heaven wit h lamps, and We have made such lampsRuj uman (as missiles) t o drive away t he Shayat in (devils)) (67:5).Allah also said,ゅヌ∇ヘェヱ - ょミヲム∇ャやるレΑ͡ よゅ∠ ∇ルギャや￢べ∠ ジャやゅｚ Αコゅｚ ͡ぴ⇔ ͡ ∠ ͡ ͡ ∠ ∠ ∃ ∠ ゴ͡ Β ぁ ∠ ヨｚレｚ ∠ ルまΘヨ∇ャやヴ∠まラヲ⊥ ヨジΑ Ι - キケゅｚリ⇒∠ ∇Βセあミリあ͡∠ ャ͡ ∠ バｚｚ ∠ ｚ ∃ ͡ ョ ∃ ト ∠ モ⊥ ョ∇ユヰャヱやケヲ⊥ キ - ょルゅ∠ あミリ͡ ラヲ⊥ グ∇ボΑヱヴ∠∇ハΙや ⊥ ∠∠ ⇔ ェ⊥ ∃ ͡ ィモ⊥ ョ ∠ プ∠ ⊥ ∠ ヤｘヮバら∇ゎほプるヘ∇トガ∇ャやブトカ ∇リョ Ιま - ∀ ͡ や∠ ∀ やグ∠⊥ ∠ ∠ ∠∠ ∠ ∠ ∠ ∠ ͡ ∠ ∠ ｚ ͡ ょタヱゆハび ∀ ͡ ゅ∠ ∀ ゅ∠ セょホをゆヰ͡(Verily, We have adorned t he near heaven wit h t he st ars (for beaut y). And t o guard againstevery rebellious devil. They cannot list en t o t he higher group (angels) for t hey are pelt ed fromevery side. Out cast , and t heirs is a const ant (or painful) t orment . Except such as snat ch awaysomet hing by st ealing, and t hey are pursued by a flaming fire of piercing bright ness) (37:6-10).Furt her, Allah said,リΑ͡ ヌ⇒ｚヤ͡ ゅ∠ ⇒ｚ Αコヱゅ⇔ ヱ⊥ よ￢ゅ∠ ジャやヴ͡ ゅ∠ ∇ヤバィ ∇ギボャヱぴ∠ ゲ͡ レャヰレｚ ∠ ∠ ィゲ⊥ ͡ ヨｚプレ ∠ ∠ ∠ ∠∠リョ Ιま - ユΒ͡ ケリ⇒∠ ∇Βセあミリ͡ ゅ∠ ⇒∠ ∇ヌヘェヱ -͡ ∠ ｚ ͡ ∃ ィｚ ∃ ト ∠ モ⊥ ョヰレ ͡ ∠ ∠ び ∀ Β͡ ョ ∀ ゅ∠ セヮバら∇ゎほプノ∇ヨジャやベゲわ∇シやリらぁゆヰ͡ ⊥ ∠ ∠ ∠∠ ∠ ｚ ∠ ∠ ∠

(And indeed, We have put t he big st ars in t he heaven and We beaut ified it for t he beholders.And We have guarded it (near heaven) from every Shayt an Raj im (out cast Shayt an). Except him(devil) who st eals t he hearing t hen he is pursued by a clear flaming fire.) (15:16-18).There are several similar Ayat . It was also said t hat Raj im means, t he person who t hrows orbombards t hings, because t he devil t hrows doubt s and evil t hought s in peoples heart s. The firstmeaning is more popular and accurat e. Bismillah is the First Ayah of Al-FatihahThe Companions st art ed t he Book of Allah wit h Bismillah: びユΒ͡ ゲャやリ⇒∠ ∇ェゲャやヮヤャやユ∇ジよぴ ͡ ェｚ ͡ ヨｚ ͡ ｚ ͡ ͡(1. In t he Name of Allah, t he Most Gracious, t he Most Merciful.)The scholars also agree t hat Bismillah is a part of an Ayah in Surat An-Naml (chapt er 27). Theydisagree over whet her it is a separat e Ayah before every Surah, or if it is an Ayah, or a part ofan Ayah, included in every Surah where t he Bismillah appears in it s beginning. Ad-Daraqut nialso recorded a Hadit h from Abu Hurayrah from t he Prophet t hat support s t his Hadit h by IbnKhuzaymah. Also, similar st at ement s were at t ribut ed t o ` Ali, Ibn ` Abbas and ot hers.The opinion t hat Bismillah is an Ayah of every Surah, except Al-Baraah (chapt er 9), wasat t ribut ed t o (t he Companions) Ibn ` Abbas, Ibn ` Umar, Ibn Az-Zubayr, Abu Hurayrah and ` Ali.This opinion was also at t ribut ed t o t he Tabi` in: ` At a, Tawus, Sa` id bin Jubayr, Makhul and Az-Zuhri. This is also t he view of ` Abdullah bin Al-Mubarak, Ash-Shafi` i, Ahmad bin Hanbal, (in onereport from him) Ishaq bin Rahwayh and Abu ` Ubayd Al-Qasim bin Salam. On t he ot her hand,Malik, Abu Hanifah and t heir followers said t hat Bismillah is not an Ayah in Al-Fat ihah or anyot her Surah. Dawud said t hat it is a separat e Ayah in t he beginning of every Surah, not part oft he Surah it self, and t his opinion was also at t ribut ed t o Ahmad bin Hanbal. Basmalah aloud in the PrayerAs for Basmalah aloud during t he prayer, t hose who did not agree t hat it is a part of Al-Fat ihah,st at e t hat t he Basmalah should not be aloud. The scholars who st at ed t hat Bismillah is a part ofevery Surah (except chapt er 9) had different opinions; some of t hem, such as Ash-Shafi` i, saidt hat one should recit e Bismillah wit h Al-Fat ihah aloud. This is also t he opinion of many amongt he Companions, t he Tabi` in and t he Imams of Muslims from t he Salaf and t he lat ergenerat ions. For inst ance, t his is t he opinion of Abu Hurayrah, Ibn ` Umar, Ibn ` Abbas,Mu` awiyah, ` Umar and ` Ali - according t o Ibn ` Abdul-Barr and Al-Bayhaqi. Also, t he FourKhalifahs - as Al-Khat ib report ed - were said t o have held t his view alt hough t he report fromt hem is cont radict ed. The Tabi` in scholars who gave t his Tafsir include Sa` id bin Jubayr,` Ikrimah, Abu Qilabah, Az-Zuhri, ` Ali bin Al-Hasan, his son Muhammad, Sa` id bin Al-Musayyib,` At a, Tawus, Muj ahid, Salim, Muhammad bin Ka` b Al-Qurazi, Abu Bakr bin Muhammad bin` Amr bin Hazm, Abu Wail, Ibn Sirin, Muhammad bin Al-Munkadir, ` Ali bin ` Abdullah bin` Abbas, his son Muhammad, Nafi` t he freed slave of Ibn ` Umar, Zayd bin Aslam, ` Umar bin` Abdul-Aziz, Al-Azraq bin Qays, Habib bin Abi Thabit , Abu Ash-Sha` t ha, Makhul and ` Abdullahbin Ma` qil bin Muqarrin. Also, Al-Bayhaqi added ` Abdullah bin Safwan, and Muhammad bin Al-Hanafiyyah t o t his list . In addit ion, Ibn ` Abdul-Barr added ` Amr bin Dinar.

The proof t hat t hese scholars relied on is t hat , since Bismillah is a part of Al-Fat ihah, it shouldbe recit ed aloud like t he rest of Al-Fat ihah. Also, An-Nasai recorded in his Sunan, Ibn Hibbanand Ibn Khuzaymah in t heir Sahihs and Al-Hakim in t he Must adrak, t hat Abu Hurayrah onceperformed t he prayer and recit ed Bismillah aloud. Aft er he finished t he prayer, he said,"Among you, I perform t he prayer t hat is t he closest t o t he prayer of t he Messenger of Allah .Ad-Daraqut ni, Al-Khat ib and Al-Bayhaqi graded t his Hadit h Sahih Furt hermore, in Sahih Al-Bukhari it is recorded t hat Anas bin Malik was asked about t he recit at ion of t he Prophet . Hesaid, "His recit at ion was unhurried. He t hen demonst rat ed t hat and recit ed, while lengt heningt he recit at ion of Bismillah Ar-Rahman Ar-Rahim, Also, in t he Musnad of Imam Ahmad, t he Sunanof Abu Dawud, t he Sahih of Ibn Hibban and t he Must adrak of Al-Hakim - it is recorded t hatUmm Salamah said, "The Messenger of Allah used t o dist inguish each Ayah during his recit at ion,ゆケヮヤャギ∇ヨエ∇ャや - ユΒ͡ ゲャやリ⇒∠ ∇ェゲャやヮヤャやユ∇ジよぴあ ∠ ͡ｚ ⊥ ∠ ͡ ェｚ ͡ ヨｚ ͡ ｚ ͡ ͡ びリΑあャやュ∇ヲΑ マヤ⇒∠ - ユΒ͡ ゲャやリ⇒∠ ∇ェゲャや - リΒ͡ ヤ⇒∠ ∇ャや ͡ ギ ͡ ∠ ͡ ͡ ョ ͡ ェｚ ͡ ヨｚ ∠ ヨ∠ バ(In t he Name of Allah, t he Most Gracious, t he Most Merciful. All praise and t hanks be t o Allah,t he Lord of all t hat exist s, t he Most Gracious, t he Most Merciful. The Owner of t he Day ofRecompense.)Ad-Daraqut ni graded t he chain of narrat ion for t his Hadit h Sahih Furt hermore, Imam Abu` Abdullah Ash-Shafi` i and Al-Hakim in his Must adrak, recorded t hat Mu` awiyah led t he prayerin Al-Madinah and did not recit e t he Bismillah. The Muhaj irin who were present at t hat prayercrit icized t hat . When Mu` awiyah led t he following prayer, he recit ed t he Bismillah aloud.The Hadit hs ment ioned above provide sufficient proof for t he opinion t hat t he Bismillah isrecit ed aloud. As for t he opposing evidences and t he scient ific analysis of t he narrat ionsment ioned t heir weaknesses or ot herwise it is not our desire t o discuss t his subj ect at t hist ime.Ot her scholars st at ed t hat t he Bismillah should not be recit ed aloud in t he prayer, and t his ist he est ablished pract ice of t he Four Khalifahs, as well as ` Abdullah bin Mughaffal and severalscholars among t he Tabi` in and lat er generat ions. It is also t he Madhhab (view) of Abu Hanifah,At h-Thawri and Ahmad bin Hanbal.Imam Malik st at ed t hat t he Bismillah is not recit ed aloud or silent ly. This group based t heirview upon what Imam Muslim recorded t hat ` Aishah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah used t ost art t he prayer by recit ing t he Takbir (Allahu Akbar; Allah is Great er) and t hen recit e, びリΒ͡ ヤ⇒∠ ∇ャやゆケヮヤャギ∇ヨエ∇ャやぴ ∠ ヨ∠ バあ ∠ ͡ ｚ ⊥ ∠(All praise and t hanks be t o Allah, t he Lord of all t hat exist s.) (Ibn Abi Hat im 1:12).Also, t he Two Sahihs recorded t hat Anas bin Malik said, "I prayed behind t he Prophet , AbuBakr, ` Umar and ` Ut hman and t hey used t o st art t heir prayer wit h,

びリΒ͡ ヤ⇒∠ ∇ャやゆケヮヤャギ∇ヨエ∇ャやぴ ∠ ヨ∠ バあ ∠ ͡ ｚ ⊥ ∠(All praise and t hanks be t o Allah, t he Lord of all t hat exist s.)Muslim added, "And t hey did not ment ion, びユΒ͡ ゲャやリ⇒∠ ∇ェゲャやヮヤャやユ∇ジよぴ ͡ ェｚ ͡ ヨｚ ͡ ｚ ͡ ͡(In t he Name of Allah, t he Most Gracious, t he Most Merciful) whet her in t he beginning or t heend of t he recit at ion. Similar is recorded in t he Sunan books from ` Abdullah bin Mughaffal,may Allah be pleased wit h him.These are t he opinions held by t he respect ed Imams, and t heir st at ement s are similar in t hatt hey agree t hat t he prayer of t hose who recit e Al-Fat ihah aloud or in secret is correct . All t hefavor is from Allah. The Virtue of Al-FatihahImam Ahmad recorded in his Musnad, t hat a person who was riding behind t he Prophet said,"The Prophet s animal t ripped, so I said, ` Cursed Shayt an. The Prophet said,ザバゎ :ろ∇ヤホや∠ まマルみプ ∩⊥ ゅ∠ ∇Βゼャやザバゎ :∇モボゎゅ∠»∠ ͡ ∠ ∠ ⊥ ク͡ ∠ ｚ ͡∠ ラトｚ ∠ ͡ ∠ ⊥ ∠ ャや∠ まヱ ∩⊥ わ∇ハゲタヶ͡ ヲボよ :メゅ∠ ヱユニゅ∠ ゎ ∩⊥ ゅ∠ ∇Βゼャやク͡∠ ヮ⊥ ∠ ∠ ゎｚ ⊥ ͡ ∠ ホ∠ ∠ ∠ バ∠ ラトｚモ∇んョゲΒ͡ Α ヴわ∠ ゲビゅ∠ ゎぶやユ∇シゅ͡ :ろ∇ヤホ∠ ͡ ∠ ダ∠ ェ ∠ ∠ ダ∠ ͡ ͡ よ ∠ ⊥ «ゆゅ∠ グャや ͡ よ⊥(Do not say, Cursed Shayt an, for if you say t hese words, Sat an becomes arrogant and says,Wit h my st rengt h I made him fall. When you say, Bismillah, Sat an will become as small as afly.)Furt her, An-Nasai recorded in his book Al-Yawm wal-Laylah, and also Ibn Marduwyah in hisTafsir t hat Usamah bin ` Umayr said, "I was riding behind t he Prophet ... and he ment ioned t herest of t he above Hadit h. The Prophet said in t his narrat ion,

∩͡ ∇Βら∇ャゅ∠ ラヲ⊥ Α ヴｚェユ∠ ゅ∠ ∠ ∠ ヮルみプや∠ ムワ ∇モボゎゅ∠» ろ ∠ ミ ∠ ム∠ わ∠ ⊥ ニバわΑ ⊥ ｚ ͡∠ グ∠ ⊥∠ ャラヲ⊥ Α ヴｚェゲピ∇ダΑ ヮｚみ∠ ∩͡ やユ∇ジよ :∇モホ ∇リムャ∠∠ ム∠ わ∠ ⊥ ∠ ∠ ⊥ ルプぶ ͡ ͡ ⊥ ͡ ヱ «るよゅ∠ グャゅ∠ ͡ ∠ よ⊥ ミ(Do not say t hese words, because t hen Sat an becomes larger; as large as a house. Rat her, say,Bismillah, because Sat an t hen becomes as small as a fly.)This is t he blessing of recit ing Bismillah. Basmalah is recommended before performing any DeedBasmalah (recit ing Bismillah) is recommended before st art ing any act ion or deed. For inst ance,Basmalah is recommended before st art ing a Khut bah (speech).The Basmalah is also recommended before one ent ers t he place where he want s t o relievehimself, t here is a Hadit h concerning t his pract ice. Furt her, Basmalah is recommended at t hebeginning of ablut ion, for Imam Ahmad and t he Sunan compilers recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah,Sa` id bin Zayd and Abu Sa` id narrat ed from t he Prophet , «ヮ∇Βヤハぶやユ∇シやゲミ∇グΑ ∇ユャ ∇リヨャ￢ヲ⊥ ヱゅ∠» ͡ ∠∠ ͡ ∠ ͡ ⊥ ∠ ∠ ∠ ͡ ∠ ッ⊥ ャ(There is no valid ablut ion for he who did not ment ion Allahs Name in it .)This Hadit h is Hasan (good). Also, t he Basmalah is recommended before eat ing, for Muslimrecorded in his Sahih t hat t he Messenger of Allah said t o ` Umar bin Abi Salamah while he was achild under his care, «マΒ͡Α ゅｚョ ∇モミヱマレΒ͡ Βよ ∇モミヱぶやユ∇ジよ ∇モホ» ∠ ヤ∠ ヨ͡ ⊥ ∠ ∠ ͡ ヨ∠ ͡ ⊥ ∠ ͡ ͡ ͡ ⊥(Say Bismillah, eat wit h your right hand and eat from what ever is next t o you.)Some of t he scholars st at ed t hat Basmalah before eat ing is obligat ory. Basmalah before havingsexual int ercourse is also recommended. The Two Sahihs recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat t heMessenger of Allah said,ユ∇ジよ :メゅ∠ ヮヤ∇ワぺヶゎ∇ほΑ ∇ラぺキや∠ ぺや∠ ま ∇ユミギェぺラぺ ∇ヲャ»͡ ͡ ∠ ホ ⊥ ∠ ∠ ∠ ͡ ∠ ∠ ∠ ケ∠ ク͡ ⊥ ∠ ∠ ∠ ｚ ∠ ∠ゅ∠ ラゅ∠ ∇Βゼャやょレィヱラゅ∠ ∇Βゼャやゅ∠ ∇らレィｚヰヤャやぶやョ ∠ トｚ ͡ あ ∠ ∠ ∠ トｚレあ ∠ ユ⊥ ∠ ͡

ロｚツΑ ∇ユャギャヱゅ∠ ヰレ∇Βよ ∇ケギボΑ ∇ラまヮルみ∠ ∩ゅ∠ わ∇ホコケ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∠ ∠ ∀ ∠∠ ヨ⊥ ∠ ∠ ｚ ∠ ⊥ ͡ ⊥ ｚプレ∠ ∠ ∠ «や⇔ よぺラゅ∠ ∇Βゼャやギ∠ ∠ ⊥ トｚ(If anyone of you before having sexual relat ions wit h his wife says, In t he Name of Allah. OAllah! Prot ect us from Sat an and also prot ect what you grant us (meaning t he coming offspring)from Sat an, and if it is dest ined t hat t hey should have a child t hen, Sat an will never be able t oharm t hat child.) The Meaning of "AllahAllah is t he Name of t he Lord, t he Exalt ed. It is said t hat Allah is t he Great est Name of Allah,because it is referred t o when describing Allah by t he various at t ribut es. For inst ance, Allahsaid,ょ∇Βピ∇ャやユャゅ∠ ヲワ Ιまヮ⇒∠ま Ι ン͡ ャやヮヤャやヲワぴ͡ ∠ ⊥ ͡ ハ ∠ ⊥ ｚ ͡ ∠ ャ͡ ∠ グｚ ⊥ ｚ ∠ ⊥Ι ン͡ ャやヮヤャやヲワ - ユΒ͡ ゲャやリ⇒∠ ∇ェゲャやヲワりギ⇒∠ ゼャや∠∠ グｚ ⊥ ｚ ∠ ⊥ ⊥ ェｚ ⊥ ヨｚ ∠ ⊥ ͡ ∠ ヰｚヱリョ∇ぽヨ∇ャやユ⇒∠ジャやサヱぁボ∇ャやマヤヨ∇ャやヲワ Ιまヮ⇒∠ま⊥ ͡ ⊥ ⊥ ヤｚ ⊥ ギ⊥ ⊥ ͡∠ ∠ ⊥ ｚ ͡ ∠ ャ͡ゅｚハヮヤャやリ⇒∠ ∇らシゲらムわヨ∇ャやケゅｚイ∇ャやゴΑ͡ バ∇ャやリヨ∇Βヰヨ∇ャやヨ∠ ͡ ｚ ∠ エ ⊥ ⊥ あ ∠ ∠ ⊥ ⊥ ら∠ ⊥ ゴ∠ ⊥ ͡ ∠ ⊥ヮャケあダヨ∇ャや￢ン͡ ゅ∠ ∇ャやペヤ⇒∠ ∇ャやヮｚャやヲワ - ラヲ⊥ ゲ∇ゼΑ⊥ ∠ ⊥ ヲ∠ ⊥ ⊥ ケら ⊥ ͡ ガ ⊥ ヤ ∠ ⊥ ∠ ミ͡ ⊥れヲ⇒∠ ジャやヴ͡ ゅ∠ ヮャウあジΑ ヴ∠ ∇ジエ∇ャや￢べ∠ ∇シΙや͡ ∠ ヨｚプョ ⊥ ∠ ⊥ ら∠ ⊥ レ ⊥ ⊥ ヨｘびユΒ͡ エ∇ャやゴΑ͡ バ∇ャやヲワヱチ∇ケΙや∠ ⊥ ム∠ ⊥ ゴ∠ ∠ ⊥ ∠ ͡ ｘヱ(He is Allah, beside Whom La ilaha illa Huwa (none has t he right t o be worshipped but He) t heKnower of t he unseen and t he seen. He is t he Most Gracious, t he Most Merciful. He is Allah,beside Whom La ilaha illa Huwa, t he King, t he Holy, t he One free from all defect s, t he Giver ofsecurit y, t he Wat cher over His creat ures, t he Almight y, t he Compeller, t he Supreme. Glory bet o Allah! (High is He) above all t hat t hey associat e as part ners wit h Him. He is Allah, t heCreat or, t he Invent or of all t hings, t he Best ower of forms. To Him belong t he Best Names. Allt hat is in t he heavens and t he eart h glorify Him. And He is t he Almight y, t he Wise) (59:22-24).Hence, Allah ment ioned several of His Names as At t ribut es for His Name Allah. Similarly, Allahsaid,

びゅ∠ よロヲ⊥ ∇キゅ∠ ヴ∠ ∇ジエ∇ャや￢べ∠ ∇シΕやヮヤャ∠ ぴヰ͡ ⊥ ハプレ ⊥ ⊥ ヨ ∠ ͡ ｚヱ(And (all) t he Most Beaut iful Names belong t o Allah, so call on Him by t hem) (7:180), and,∇やヲ⊥ ∇ギゎゅｚゅ６ ∠ リ⇒∠ ∇ェゲャや ∇やヲ⊥ ∇キやヱぺヮヤャや ∇やヲ⊥ ∇キやモホぴハ ∠ ョ Αぺ ∠ ヨｚハ ͡ ∠ ∠ｚハ ͡ ⊥ びヴ∠ ∇ジエ∇ャや￢べ∠ ∇シΙやヮヤプレ ⊥ ∠ ヨｘ ⊥ ∠∠(Say (O Muhammad :) "Invoke Allah or invoke t he Most Gracious (Allah), by what ever name youinvoke Him (it is t he same), for t o Him belong t he Best Names.) (17:110)Also, t he Two Sahihs recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,∇リョ ∩や⇔ ェや∠ ゅ∠まるもゅ͡ ∩ゅ⇔ ∇シやリΒ͡ ∇ジゎヱるバ∇ジゎぶラま» ∠ ギ͡ ヱャ͡ ⇔ ∠ ョヨ ∠ バ ͡ ∠ ⇔ ∠ ͡ ͡ ｚ ͡ «るレイ∇ャやモカキゅワゅ∠ ∇ェぺ ∠ ｚ∠ ∠ ∠ ∠ ∠ ダ ∠(Allah has ninet y-nine Names, one hundred minus one, whoever count s (and preserves) t hem,will ent er Paradise.)These Names were ment ioned in a Hadit h recorded by At -Tirmidhi and Ibn Maj ah, and t here areseveral differences bet ween t hese t wo narrat ions. The Meaning of Ar-Rahman Ar-Rahim - the Most Gracious, the Most MercifulAr-Rahman and Ar-Rahim are t wo names derived from Ar-Rahmah (t he mercy), but Rahman hasmore meanings t hat pert ain t o mercy t han Ar-Rahim. There is a st at ement by Ibn Jarir t hatindicat es t hat t here is a consensus on t his meaning. Furt her, Al-Qurt ubi said, "The proof t hatt hese names are derived (from Ar-Rahmah), is what At -Tirmidhi recorded - and graded Sahihfrom ` Abdur-Rahman bin ` Awf t hat he heard t he Messenger of Allah say,ユェゲャやろ∇ボヤカリヨ∇ェゲャやゅ∠ ∠ :ヴャゅ∠ ゎぶやメゅ∠ »∠ ͡ ｚ ⊥ ∠∠ ⊥ ｚルぺバ∠ ⊥ ∠ ホゅ∠ ヤタヱ ∇リヨプ ∩ヶ͡ ∇シやリョゅ⇔ ∇シやゅ∠ ∠ ろ∇ボボセヱヰ∠ ∠ ∠ ∠ ∠ ヨ ͡͡ ヨヰャ ⊥ ∠ ∠ ∠ «ヮわ∇バトホゅヰ∠ トホ ∇リョヱヮわ∇ヤタヱ ⊥ ⊥ ∠ ∠ バ∠ ∠ ∠ ∠ ⊥ ⊥ ∠ ∠(Allah t he Exalt ed said, I Am Ar-Rahman. I creat ed t he Raham (womb, i.e. family relat ions) andderived a name for it from My Name. Hence, whoever keeps it , I will keep t ies t o him, andwhoever severs it , I will sever t ies wit h him.) He t hen said, "This is a t ext t hat indicat es t he

derivat ion. He t hen said, "The Arabs denied t he name Ar-Rahman, because of t heir ignoranceabout Allah and His at t ribut es.Al-Qurt ubi said, "It was said t hat bot h Ar-Rahman and Ar-Rahim have t he same meaning, suchas t he words Nadman and Nadim, as Abu ` Ubayd has st at ed. Abu ` Ali Al-Farisi said, ` Ar-Rahman, which is exclusively for Allah, is a name t hat encompasses every t ype of mercy t hatAllah has. Ar-Rahim is what effect s t he believers, for Allah said, びゅヨΒ͡ ケリΒ͡ ョ∇ぽヨ∇ャゅ͡ ラゅ∠ ヱぴ ⇔ ェ∠ ∠ レ͡ ⊥ よ ∠ ミ∠(And He is ever Rahim (merciful) t o t he believers.) (33:43) Also, Ibn ` Abbas said - about Ar-Rahman and Ar-Rahim, ` They are t wo soft names, one of t hem is soft er t han t he ot her(meaning it carries more implicat ions of mercy).Ibn Jarir said; As-Surri bin Yahya At -Tamimi narrat ed t o me t hat ` Ut hman bin Zufar relat edt hat Al-` Azrami said about Ar-Rahman and Ar-Rahim, "He is Ar-Rahman wit h all creat ion and Ar-Rahim wit h t he believers. Hence. Allahs st at ement s, びリ⇒∠ ∇ェゲャやス∇ゲバ∇ャやヴ∠ハン∠ わ∇シやｚをぴ ⊥ ヨｚ ͡ ∠ ヤ∠ ヲ∠ ユ⊥(Then He rose over (Ist awa) t he Throne (in a manner t hat suit s His maj est y), Ar-Rahman)(25:59),) and, びン∠ ∠ ∇シやス∇ゲバ∇ャやヴ∠ハリ⇒∠ ∇ェゲャやぴヲわ ͡ ∠ ヤ ∠ ⊥ ヨｚ(Ar-Rahman (Allah) rose over (Ist awa) t he (Might y) Throne (in a manner t hat suit s Hismaj est y).) (20:5)Allah t hus ment ioned t he Ist awa - rising over t he Throne - along wit h His Name Ar-Rahman, t oindicat e t hat His mercy encompasses all of His creat ion. Allah also said, びゅヨΒ͡ ケリΒ͡ ョ∇ぽヨ∇ャゅ͡ ラゅ∠ ヱぴ ⇔ ェ∠ ∠ レ͡ ⊥ よ ∠ ミ∠(And He is ever Rahim (merciful) t o t he believers), t hus encompassing t he believers wit h HisName Ar-Rahim. They said, "This t est ifies t o t he fact t hat Ar-Rahman carries a broader scope ofmeanings pert aining t o t he mercy of Allah wit h His creat ion in bot h lives. Meanwhile, Ar-Rahimis exclusively for t he believers. Yet , we should ment ion t hat t here is a supplicat ion t hat reads, «ゅ∠ ヰヨΒ͡ ケヱりゲカべ∇ャや∠ ゅ∠ ∇ルギャやリヨ∇ェケ» ヨ⊥ ∠ ェ ∠ ∠ ͡ ∠ ͡ ヱ Β ぁ ∠ ∠(The Rahman and t he Rahim of t his life and t he Hereaft er)Allahs Name Ar-Rahman is exclusively His. For inst ance, Allah said,

∇やヲ⊥ ∇ギゎゅｚゅ６ ∠ リ⇒∠ ∇ェゲャや ∇やヲ⊥ ∇キやヱぺヮヤャや ∇やヲ⊥ ∇キやモホぴハ ∠ ョ Αぺ ∠ ヨｚハ ͡ ∠ ∠ｚハ ͡ ⊥ びヴ∠ ∇ジエ∇ャや￢べ∠ ∇シΙやヮヤプレ ⊥ ∠ ヨｘ ⊥ ∠∠(Say (O Muhammad ): "Invoke Allah or invoke Ar-Rahman (Allah), by what ever name you invokeHim (it is t he same), for t o Him belong t he Best Names) (17:110),) and,ゅレ∇ヤバィぺべ∠ ͡シケリ͡ マヤ∇らホリ͡ ゅ∠ ∇ヤシ∇ケぺ ∇リョ ∇モゃ∇シや∠ ぴ ∠ ∠ ∠ ∠ レヤ ⊥ ぁョ ∠ ͡ ∠ ョレ ∠ ∠ ∠ ヱびラヱ⊥ ら∇バΑ るヰャや∠ リ⇒∠ ∇ェゲャやラヱ⊥ リ͡ ∠ ギ∠ ⊥ ⇔ ∠ ͡ ￢ ͡ ヨｚ ͡ キョ(And ask (O Muhammad ) t hose of Our Messengers whom We sent before you: "Did We everappoint alihah (gods) t o be worshipped besides Ar-Rahman (Most Gracious, Allah)) (43:45).Furt her, when Musaylimah t he Liar called himself t he Rahman of Yamamah, Allah made himknown by t he name ` Liar and exposed him. Hence, whenever Musaylimah is ment ioned, he isdescribed as ` t he Liar. He became an example for lying among t he resident s of t he cit ies andvillages and t he resident s of t he desert s, t he bedouins.Therefore, Allah first ment ioned His Name - Allah - t hat is exclusively His and described t hisName by Ar-Rahman, which no one else is allowed t o use, j ust as Allah said,∇やヲ⊥ ∇ギゎゅｚゅ６ ∠ リ⇒∠ ∇ェゲャや ∇やヲ⊥ ∇キやヱぺヮヤャや ∇やヲ⊥ ∇キやモホぴハ ∠ ョ Αぺ ∠ ヨｚハ ͡ ∠ ∠ｚハ ͡ ⊥ びヴ∠ ∇ジエ∇ャや￢べ∠ ∇シΙやヮヤプレ ⊥ ∠ ヨｘ ⊥ ∠∠(Say (O Muhammad ): "Invoke Allah or invoke Ar-Rahman (Allah), by what ever name you invokeHim (it is t he same), for t o Him belong t he Best Names.) (17:110)Only Musaylimah and t hose who followed his misguided ways described Musaylimah by Ar-Rahman.As for Allahs Name Ar-Rahim, Allah has described ot hers by it . For inst ance, Allah said,ゅョヮ∇Βヤハ ∀ Α͡ ∠ ∇ユムジヘル∠ ∇リョ ∀ ヲ⊥ ∠ ∇ユミ￢べ∠ ∇ギボャぴ ∠ ͡ ∠∠ ゴゴハ ⊥ ͡ ⊥ ぺあメシケ ⊥ ∠ ィ ∠ ∠ び ∀ Β͡ ケ ∀ ヱ⊥ ∠ リΒ͡ ョ∇ぽヨ∇ャゅ͡ ∇ユム∇Βヤハ ∀ Α͡ ェ ∇ユわレハユェｚフ￢ケ ∠ レ͡ ⊥ よ ⊥ ∠∠ ゾゲ∠ ぁ ͡ ∠(Verily, t here has come unt o you a Messenger (Muhammad ) from amongst yourselves (i.e.whom you know well). It grieves him t hat you should receive any inj ury or difficult y. He

(Muhammad ) is anxious over you (t o be right ly guided) for t he believers (he is) kind (full ofpit y), and Rahim (merciful)) (9:128).Allah has also described some of His creat ion using some of His ot her Names. For inst ance,Allah said,͡ Β͡∠ ∇らルァゅ∠ ∇ョぺるヘ∇トルリ͡ リ⇒∠ ル͡ やゅ∠ ∇ボ∠∠ ゅｚ ͡ぴヮヤわｚ ∃ ゼ ∠ ∃ ∠ ぁョ ∠ ジ Η レヤカルまびやゲΒ͡ よゅバΒ͡ シヮ⇒∠ ∇ヤバイプ ⇔ ダ∠ ⇔ ヨ∠ ⊥ レ ∠ ∠ ∠(Verily, We have creat ed man from Nut fah (drops) of mixed semen (sexual discharge of manand woman), in order t o t ry him, so We made him hearer (Sami` ) and seer (Basir) (76:2).In conclusion, t here are several of Allahs Names t hat are used as names for ot hers besidesAllah. Furt her, some of Allahs Names are exclusive for Allah alone, such as Allah, Ar-Rahman,Al-Khaliq (t he Creat or), Ar-Raziq (t he Sust ainer), and so fort h.Hence, Allah st art ed t he Tasmiyah (meaning, ` In t he Name of Allah, Most Gracious MostMerciful) wit h His Name, Allah, and described Himself as Ar-Rahman, (Most Gracious) which issoft er and more general t han Ar-Rahim. The most honorable Names are ment ioned first , j ust asAllah did here.A Hadit h narrat ed by Umm Salamah st at ed t hat t he recit at ion of t he Messenger of Allah wasslow and clear, let t er by let t er,ゆケヮヤャギ∇ヨエ∇ャや - ユΒ͡ ゲャやリ⇒∠ ∇ェゲャやヮヤャやユ∇ジよぴあ ∠ ͡ｚ ⊥ ∠ ͡ ェｚ ͡ ヨｚ ͡ ｚ ͡ ͡ びリΑあャやュ∇ヲΑ マヤ⇒∠ - ユΒ͡ ゲャやリ⇒∠ ∇ェゲャや - リΒ͡ ヤ⇒∠ ∇ャや ͡ ギ ͡ ∠ ͡ ͡ ョ ͡ ェｚ ͡ ヨｚ ∠ ヨ∠ バ(In t he Name of Allah, t he Most Gracious, t he Most Merciful. All t he praises and t hanks be t oAllah, t he Lord of all t hat exist s. The Most Gracious, t he Most Merciful. The Owner of t he Dayof Recompense) (1:1-4).And t his is how a group of scholars recit e it . Ot hers connect ed t he recit at ion of t he Tasmiyaht o Al-Hamd. びリΒ͡ ヤ⇒∠ ∇ャやゆケヮヤャギ∇ヨエ∇ャやぴ ∠ ヨ∠ バあ ∠ ͡ ｚ ⊥ ∠(2. Al-Hamd be t o Allah, t he Lord of all t hat exist s.) The Meaning of Al-HamdAbu Ja` far bin Jarir said, "The meaning of

びヮヤャギ∇ヨエ∇ャやぴ ͡ｚ ⊥ ∠(Al-Hamdu Lillah) (all praise and t hanks be t o Allah) is: all t hanks are due purely t o Allah,alone, not any of t he obj ect s t hat are being worshipped inst ead of Him, nor any of Hiscreat ion. These t hanks are due t o Allahs innumerable favors and bount ies, t hat only He knowst he amount of. Allahs bount ies include creat ing t he t ools t hat help t he creat ion worship Him,t he physical bodies wit h which t hey are able t o implement His commands, t he sust enance t hatHe provides t hem in t his life, and t he comfort able life He has grant ed t hem, wit hout anyt hingor anyone compelling Him t o do so. Allah also warned His creat ion and alert ed t hem about t hemeans and met hods wit h which t hey can earn et ernal dwelling in t he residence of everlast inghappiness. All t hanks and praise are due t o Allah for t hese favors from beginning t o end.Furt her, Ibn Jarir comment ed on t he Ayah, びヮヤャギ∇ヨエ∇ャやぴ ͡ｚ ⊥ ∠(Al-Hamdu Lillah), t hat it means, "A praise t hat Allah praised Himself wit h, indicat ing t o Hisservant s t hat t hey t oo should praise Him, as if Allah had said, ` Say: All t hanks and praise is duet o Allah. It was said t hat t he st at ement , びヮヤャギ∇ヨエ∇ャやぴ ͡ｚ ⊥ ∠(All praise and t hanks be t o Allah), ent ails praising Allah by ment ioning His most beaut ifulNames and most honorable At t ribut es. When one proclaims, ` All t hanks are due t o Allah, hewill be t hanking Him for His favors and bount ies. The Difference between Praise and ThanksHamd is more general, in t hat it is a st at ement of praise for ones charact erist ics, or for whathe has done. Thanks are given for what was done, not merely for charact erist ics. The Statements of the Salaf about Al-Hamd Hafs ment ioned t hat ` Umar said t o ` Ali, "We know La ilaha illallah, Subhan Allah and Allahu Akbar. What about Al-Hamdu Lillah ` Ali said, "A st at ement t hat Allah liked for Himself, was pleased wit h for Himself and He likes t hat it be repeat ed. Also, Ibn ` Abbas said, "Al-HamduLillah is t he st at ement of appreciat ion. When t he servant says Al-Hamdu Lillah, Allah says, ` My servant has praised Me. Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t his Hadit h The Virtues of Al-HamdImam Ahmad bin Hanbal recorded t hat Al-Aswad bin Sari` said, "I said, ` O Messenger of Allah!Should I recit e t o you words of praise for My Lord, t he Exalt ed, t hat I have collect ed He said,

«ギ∇ヨエ∇ャやぁエΑ マよケラまゅ∠ ぺ» ∠ ∠ ょ͡ ⊥ ∠ ｚ ∠ ｚ ͡ ョ ∠(Verily, your Lord likes Al-Hamd.)An-Nasai also recorded t his Hadit h. Furt hermore, Abu ` Isa At -Tirmidhi, An-Nasai and Ibn Maj ahrecorded t hat Musa bin Ibrahim bin Kat hir relat ed t hat Talhah bin Khirash said t hat Jabir bin` Abdullah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,￢ゅ∠ ギャやモツ∇プぺヱ ∩⊥ やゅｚまヮャ͡ ゅ∠ ゲ∇ミグャやモツ∇プぺ»͡ ハぁ ⊥ ∠ ∠∠ ぶャ͡ ∠ まャ ͡ あ ⊥ ∠ ∠ «ぶ͡ ギ∇ヨエ∇ャやキ⊥ ∠(The best Dhikr (remembering Allah) is La ilaha illallah and t he best supplicat ion is Al-HamduLillah.)At -Tirmidhi said t hat t his Hadit h is Hasan Gharib. Also, Ibn Maj ah recorded t hat Anas bin Maliksaid t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,ゅｚま ∩͡ ギ∇ヨエ∇ャや :メゅ∠ プるヨ∇バルギ∇らハヴ∠ハぶやユバ∇ルぺゅ∠ » ャ͡ ぶ ⊥ ∠ ∠ ボ∠ ⇔ ∠ ͡ ∃ ∠ ヤ∠ ⊥ ∠ ∠ ∠ ョ «グカぺゅｚョモツ∇プぺヴ∠ ∇ハぺヵ͡ ャやラゅ∠ ∠ ∠ ∠ ヨ͡ ∠ ∠ ∠ ト ∠ グｚ ∠ ミ(No servant is blessed by Allah and says,` Al-Hamdu Lillah, except t hat what he was given isbet t er t han t hat which he has himself acquired.) Furt her, in his Sunan, Ibn Maj ah recorded t hatIbn ` Umar said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,ゅ∠ ∠ ギ∇ヨエ∇ャやマャゆケゅ∠ :メゅ∠ ぶやキゅ∠ ハ ∇リョや⇔ ∇らハラま» ヨミ ⊥ ∠ ∠ ∠ あ ∠ Α ∠ ホ ͡ ͡ ら͡ ͡ ギ ∠ ｚ ͡∇ろヤツバプ .マルゅ∠ ∇ヤシユΒ͡ ハヱマヰ∇ィヱメゅ∠イャヶ͡ ら∇レΑ ∠∠ ∠ ∠ ∠ ͡ ト ⊥ ͡ ヌ∠ ∠ ∠ ͡ ∠ ͡ ヤ∠ ͡ ピ∠ ∠ぶやヴ∠まや∠ バダプゅ∠ ルゅ∠ わ∇ムΑ ブ∇Βミゅ∠ ケ∇ギΑ ∇ユヤプリ∇Βムヤヨ∇ャゅ͡͡ ャ͡ ギ͡ ∠ ∠ ヰ͡ ら⊥ ∠ ∠ ∠ Α͡ ∠ ∠∠ ͡ ∠ ∠∠ よブ∇Βミヵ͡ ∇ギルゅ∠ るャゅ∠ ョメゅ∠ ∇ギホや⇔ ∇らハラまゅ∠ よケゅ∠ :ゅ∠ゅ∠ プ∠ ∠ ケ ∠ ャ ⇔ ∠ ボ∠ ∠ ホ ∠ ギ ∠ ｚ ͡ レｚ ∠ Α ャボ∠や∠ ゅ∠ :ロギ∇らハメゅ∠ ゅ∠ よユヤ∇ハぺヲワヱ ∩⊥ やメゅ∠ ∩ゅ∠ らわ∇ムルクョ ⊥ ⊥ ∠ ∠ ホヨ͡ ⊥ ∠ ∠ ∠ ⊥ ∠ ぶ ∠ ホヰ⊥ ⊥ ∠ゅ∠ ギ∇ヨエ∇ャやマャ :メゅ∠ ヮｚまゆケゅ∠ :ゅ∠ゅ∠ ∨ヵ͡ ∇らハメゅ∠ Α ⊥ ∠ ∠ ∠ ∠ ホ ⊥ ル͡ あ ∠ Α ャホギ ∠ ∠ ホ

.マルゅ∠ ∇ヤシユΒ͡ ハヱマヰ∇ィヱメゅ∠イャヶ͡ ら∇レΑ ゅ∠ ミゆケ ∠ ͡ ト ⊥ ͡ ヌ∠ ∠ ∠ ͡ ∠ ͡ ヤ∠ ͡ ピ∠ ∠ ヨ∠ あ ∠ヴｚェ ∩ヵ͡ ∇らハメゅ∠ ゅ∠ ミゅ∠ ゅ∠ わ∇ミや :ゅ∠ ヰ∠ ぶやメゅ∠ プわ∠ ギ ∠ ∠ ホヨ ∠ ワら⊥ ヨ⊥ ャ ⊥ ∠ ボ∠ «.ゅ∠ よヮΑ͡ ∇ィほプヶ͡ ゅ∠ ∇ヤΑ ヰ͡ ͡ ゴ ∠ ∠ ルボ ∠(A servant of Allah once said, ` O Allah! Yours is t he Hamd t hat is suit able for t he grace of YourFace and t he great ness of Your Supreme Aut horit y. The t wo angels were confused as t o how t owrit e t hese words. They ascended t o Allah and said, ` O our Lord! A servant has j ust ut t ered ast at ement and we are unsure how t o record it for him. Allah said while having more knowledgein what His servant has said, What did My servant say They said, ` He said, ` O Allah! Yours ist he Hamd t hat is suit able for t he grace of Your Face and t he great ness of Your SupremeAut horit y. Allah said t o t hem, ` Writ e it as My servant has said it , unt il he meet s Me and t hen Ishall reward him for it .) Al before Hamd encompasses all Types of Thanks and Appreciation for AllahThe let t ers Alif and Lam before t he word Hamd serve t o encompass all t ypes of t hanks andappreciat ion for Allah, t he Exalt ed. A Hadit h st at ed,ポギΒよヱ ∩⊥ ヤミマ∇ヤヨ∇ャやマャヱ ∩⊥ ヤミギ∇ヨエ∇ャやマャユヰヤャや»∠ ͡ ∠ ͡ ∠ ヮぁ⊥ ⊥ ⊥ ∠ ∠∠ ヮぁ⊥ ⊥ ∠ ∠ ∠ ｚ ⊥ ｚ «ヮぁミゲ∇ョほ∇ャやノィ∇ゲΑ マ∇Βャまヱ ∩⊥ ヤミゲ∇Βガ∇ャや ⊥ ヤ⊥ ⊥ ∠ ⊥ ∠ ⊥ ∠ ∠͡∠ ヮぁ⊥ ⊥ ∠(O Allah! All of Al-Hamd is due t o You, You own all t he ownership, all t ypes of good are in YourHand and all affairs belong t o You.) The Meaning of Ar-Rabb, the LordAr-Rabb is t he owner who has full aut horit y over his propert y. Ar-Rabb, linguist ically means,t he mast er or t he one who has t he aut horit y t o lead. All of t hese meanings are correct forAllah. When it is alone, t he word Rabb is used only for Allah. As for ot her t han Allah, it can beused t o say Rabb Ad-Dar, t he mast er of such and such obj ect . Furt her, it was report ed t hat Ar-Rabb is Allahs Great est Name. The Meaning of Al-` AlaminAl-` Alamin is plural for ` Alam, which encompasses everyt hing in exist ence except Allah. Theword ` Alam is it self a plural word, having no singular form. The ` Alamin are different creat ionst hat exist in t he heavens and t he eart h, on land and at sea. Every generat ion of creat ion iscalled an ` Alam. Al-Farra` and Abu ` Ubayd said, "` Alam includes all t hat has a mind, t he Jinns,mankind, t he angels and t he devils, but not t he animals. Also, Zayd bin Aslam and AbuMuhaysin said, ` Alam includes all t hat Allah has creat ed wit h a soul. Furt her, Qat adah saidabout ,

びリΒ͡ ヤ⇒∠ ∇ャやゆケぴ ∠ ヨ∠ バあ ∠(The Lord of t he ` Alamin), "Every t ype of creat ion is an ` Alam. Az-Zaj j aj also said, "Alamencompasses everyt hing t hat Allah creat ed, in t his life and in t he Hereaft er. Al-Qurt ubicomment ed, "This is t he correct meaning, t hat t he ` Alam encompasses everyt hing t hat Allahcreat ed in bot h worlds. Similarly, Allah said,ゆケメゅ∠ - リΒ͡ ヤ⇒∠ ∇ャやゆケゅ∠ ヱラ∇ヲハ∇ゲプメゅ∠ ぴぁ ∠ ∠ ホ ∠ ヨ∠ バぁ ∠ ョ∠ ⊥ ∠ ͡ ∠ ホびリΒ͡ ホヲぁ ∇ユわレ⊥ ラ͡ べ∠ ヰレ∇Βよゅ∠ ヱチ∇ケΙや∠ れヲ⇒∠ ジャや ∠ レ͡ ョ ⊥ ミまヨ⊥ ∠ ∠ ョ∠ ͡ ｘヱ ͡ ∠ ヨｚ(Fir` awn (Pharaoh) said: "And what is t he Lord of t he ` Alamin Musa (Moses) said: "The Lord oft he heavens and t he eart h, and all t hat is bet ween t hem, if you seek t o be convinced wit hcert aint y) (26:23-24). Why is the Creation called ` Alam` Alam is derived from ` Alamah, t hat is because it is a sign t est ifying t o t he exist ence of it sCreat or and t o His Oneness. びユΒ͡ ゲャやリ⇒∠ ∇ェゲャやぴ ͡ ェｚ ͡ ヨｚ(3. Ar-Rahman (t he Most Gracious), Ar-Rahim (t he Most Merciful)). Allah said next , びユΒ͡ ゲャやリ⇒∠ ∇ェゲャやぴ ͡ ェｚ ͡ ヨｚ(Ar-Rahman (t he Most Gracious), Ar-Rahim (t he Most Merciful)) We explained t hese Names int he Basmalah. Al-Qurt ubi said, "Allah has described Himself by ` Ar-Rahman, Ar-Rahim aft ersaying ` t he Lord of t he Alamin, so His st at ement here includes a warning, and t hen anencouragement . Similarly, Allah said,ラぺヱ - ユΒ͡ ゲャやケヲ⊥ ピ∇ャやゅ∠ ∠ ヴあぺン͡ ゅ∠ ハ ∇￢ヴあルぴｚ ∠∠ ⊥ ェｚ ⊥ ヘ∠ ルぺル∠ キら͡ ら∠ びユΒ͡Ιやゆや∠ バ∇ャやヲワヴ͡ や∠ ハ ⊥ ャｘ ⊥ グ∠ ∠ ⊥ よグ ∠(Declare (O Muhammad ) unt o My servant s, t hat t ruly, I am t he Oft -Forgiving, t he MostMerciful. And t hat My t orment is indeed t he most painful t orment .) (15:49-50) Allah said, び∀ Β͡ ケ ∀ ヲ⊥ ピャヮルまヱゆゅ∠ バ∇ャやノΑ͡ シマよケラまぴユェｚケヘ∠ ∠ ⊥ ｚ ͡∠ ͡ ボ͡ ⊥ ゲ∠ ∠ ｚ ∠ ｚ ͡

A compilation of the Abridged Tafsir Ibn Kathir Volumes 1 - 10 ( commentary of the meaning )

A compilation of the Abridged Tafsir Ibn Kathir Volumes 1 - 10 ( commentary of the meaning )

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A compilation of the Abridged Tafsir Ibn Kathir Volumes 1 - 10 ( commentary of the meaning )