Non Text Magic Studio Magic Design for Presentations L&P.pptx
What is Business? Forms of Business and Factors to Consider
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2. What is Business?
An organization or economic system where
goods and services are exchanged for one
another or for money.
Every business requires some form of
investment and enough customers to whom
its output can be sold on a consistent basis in
order to make a profit.
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4. Advantages of Sole
Propreitorship
Easy establishment
Dynamism
Quick decisions & implementation
Maintaining secrecy
Managerial independence
Personal interest
Favourable for small interest
Low taxation
Other benefits
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5. Limitations of Sole
Propreitorship
Unlimited liability
Limited capital
Limited capacity
Short life span
Faulty decisions
Unsuitable for big business
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6. Partnership Firm
Relationship between two or more persons who have agreed to share the profits
of a business carried on by all or any of them acting for all
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7. Characteristics of
Partnership Firm
Agreement based on relation
Written / Oral / Implied
Number of Partners
20 in general & 10 in banking business
Unlimited Liability
Legal activities
Profit motive
Life span
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8. Contents of Partnership Deed
Firm’s name & address
Partner’s name, address, age, gender
Type of business activities
Capital of each partner
Ratio of distribution of profit / loss
Period & type of firm
Details pertaining to entry of partner & retirement
Interest on capital & withdrawals
Interest on loan from partner
Remuneration, salary, commission of active partners
Accounting methods & audit arrangement
Rights & Duties of partners
Arbitration clause
Opening & Maintaining bank account
Removal of partner
Authority to sign important documents on behalf of the firm
Provision for dissolution & settlement of accounts
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9. Types of Partnership
According to
duration
Partnership
at will
Term
Partnership
Specific job
partnership
According to
liability
Unlimited
Liability
Limited
Partnership
According to
business
Banking Firm
General Firm
According to
registration
Registered
Firm
Unregistered
Firm
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10. Types of Partners
Active Partner
Sleeping or Dormant Partner
Nominal Partner
Partner by Estoppel
Partner in Profit only
Minor as a partner
Partner with limited liability
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11. Merits of Partnership
Easy establishment
More efficiency
More capital
More creditworthiness
Maintaining secrecy
Right decisions
Distribution of risk
Contact with customers
Dynamism
Decentralisation of economic power
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12. Limitations of Partnership
Unlimited liability
Limited duration
Absence of ownership transfer
Possibility of dispute
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13. 1. Management – Karta
2.Membership – By birth, minor is also member
3. Liability – Only Karta has unlimited liability
4.Membership Strength – No limit
5. Duration – Continues even after death of Karta
6.Insolvency – Karta & HUF both are declared
insolvents
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15. Advantages of Co-Op Society
Easy to form – 10 or more members
Open & voluntary membership
Democratic management –Exec Committee
Limited liability
Separate entity – Death, resignation, insolvency
Economical – Members give voluntary service
Encouragement from Government
Economic uplifting of members – No middlemen
Social welfare activities – dispensaries, schools
Low burden of taxes
Training school of co-operation
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16. Limitations of Co-Op Society
Limited Capital –Weak members & limit on
shares
Inefficiency – honorary members
Government interference
Difference of opinions amongst members
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18. Characteristics of a Company
Compulsory registration
Separate and perpetual existence
Voluntary membership
Limited liability
Transfer of shares
Common seal
Management by representatives
Voting per share
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19. Chartered
Company
Registered
Company
No. Of member
viewpoint
Private Company Public Company
Deemed Public
Company
Liability
viewpoint
Limited Liability
Limited by Share
Capital
Limited by Share
Guarantee
Unlimited
Liability
Control
viewpoint
Holding
Company
Government
Company
Subsidiary
Company
Registration
viewpoint
Indian Company
Foreign
Company
Company
created under
special law
Types of Companies
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20. Advantages of Company
Limited Liability
High Capital
Separate & perpetual existence
Easy share transfer
Efficient management
Democratic management
Large scale production
Social benefits
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21. Limitations of Company
Long & expensive incorporation procedure
Autocratic management
Observance of law – More legal interference
Probability of speculation
Delay in decision making
High administrative expenses
Difficulty in keeping secrets
High taxation
Absence of personal interest
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22. Points of Difference Private Company Public Company
Number of Members Minimum 2 & Maximum 50
members
Minimum 7 & maximum
unlimited members
Share transfer Restricted Free
Number of Directors Minimum 2 directors Minimum 3 directors
Invitation to subscribe
for shares
Not allowed Allowed
Provision for minimum
subscription
No provision There is a provision
Name ‘Private Limited’ words are to
be added at the end of the
name
The word ‘Limited’ is to be
added at the end of the name
Beginning of business Immediately after Certificate
of Incorporation
Has to obtain Certificate of
Commencement
Articles of Association Has to prepare AoA Table – A can be accepted
First statutory meeting No need Compulsory within stipulated
time-period
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23. Stages of Formation of Company
1. Promotion
2. Incorporation
3. Commencement of Business
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24. Step 1: Promotion
Idea
Primary & extensive tests
Mobilising the resources
Making arrangement for finance
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25. Step 2: Certificate of
Incorporation
Memorandum of Association
Articles of Association
List of Directors
Written consent of Directors
Acceptance to subscribe for qualification of
shares
The address of registered office
Statement of observation of law
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26. Memorandum of Association
1. Name Clause
2. Registered Office Clause
3. Object Clause
4. Liability Clause
5. Capital Clause – Authorised & Paid-Up
6. Association Clause
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27. Step 3: Certificate of
Commencement of Business
(Public Company)
Prospectus or statement in lieu of prospectus
Applying to recognised stock exchange
Determining & getting minimum subscription
Approving contracts entered prior to
Certificate of Incorporation & Commencement
Declaration of payment of qualification shares
Returning money to share applicants
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28. Prospectus
Main objects
No. of qualification shares for directors
Details of Directors
Details of Auditors
Application & Allotment amount of shares
Details of Underwriting Agreement
Information about Primary Expenses
Information about Minimum Subscription
Statement about fictitious name
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30. Limited Liability Partnership
Concept is still very new in India
Features of both partnership & company
Governed by LLP Act, 2008
Word ‘LLP’ has to be written at the end of the
name
LLP Agreement
Compulsory registration
Foreign nationals can be partners
Separate legal entity
Perpetual succession
LLP has its own common seal
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31. Determining the Form of
Ownership of Business
Type of business
Size of business
Requirement of capital
Degree of risk
Need of managerial skill
Duration of business
Preference of directors
Interference of government
Tax burden 31
32. Factors to be Taken Into Account
While Starting a Business
Market
Location
Financial Requirement
Government Policy
Efficiency – Preference of Promoter
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33. “Ethics is what you do when
no one is looking.”
~ George Bernard Shaw
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