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1. Compare and contrast the terms pre-adaptation and exaptation (pg 70 is subtle but focus on "during
evolution." Simpson used pre-adaptation to reference a structure that undergoes a change of function
followed by "tinkering by natural selection." Gould and Vrba coined the term exaptation, viewed the terms
differently and made a distinction between them. But others assert that genetic traits change under a totality
of selective pressures not just on singular element, making it challenging to determine when adaptation or
exaptation is at play.

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