1. Compare and contrast the terms pre-adaptation and exaptation (pg 70 is subtle but focus on "during evolution." Simpson used pre-adaptation to reference a structure that undergoes a change of function followed by "tinkering by natural selection." Gould and Vrba coined the term exaptation, viewed the terms differently and made a distinction between them. But others assert that genetic traits change under a totality of selective pressures not just on singular element, making it challenging to determine when adaptation or exaptation is at play..