Spread of oral infection3/endodontic courses
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The document discusses oral infections and their spread. It describes Ludwig's angina as a severe cellulitis beginning in the submandibular space that can spread to other areas and cause difficulty breathing. It also discusses cavernous sinus thrombosis as a serious condition involving thrombus formation in the cavernous sinus from head and face infections. Maxillary sinusitis is described as acute or chronic inflammation of the maxillary sinus that can result from dental infections or other illnesses. The document outlines focal infections as localized infections caused by dissemination of microorganisms from an infected focus near a mucous surface.
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Spread of oral infection3/endodontic courses
- 1. Spread of Oral Infection -Department of oral pathology and microbiology INDIAN DENTAL ACADEMY Leader in continuing Dental Education www.indiandentalacademy.com
- 2. LEARNING OBJECTIVES At the end of the lecture student should be able to – Describe etiology, clinical features, histopathological features of ludwig’s angina – Enlist intracranial complications of dental extraction – Describe etiology, clinical features, histopathological features of acute & chronic sinusitis. www.indiandentalacademy.com
- 3. Ludwig’s angina • Severe cellulitis • Beginning in the submandibular space • Secondary involvement of sublingual and submental spaces • Bilateral involvement of all three spaces www.indiandentalacademy.com
- 4. Ludwig’s angina Source of infection • Mandibular molar 2nd and 3rd • Penetrating injury of floor of the mouth • Osteomyelitis due to compound jaw fracture www.indiandentalacademy.com
- 5. Ludwig’s angina Clinical features • Rapidly increasing board like swelling of the floor of the mouth • Elevation of tongue • Swelling is firm, painful, diffuse with no localization • Difficulty in swallowing, eating, breathing • Increased temperature, rapid pulse, fast respiration www.indiandentalacademy.com
- 6. Ludwig’s angina Clinical features • Swelling involves neck, oedema of glottis with risk of death . • Spread to parapharyngeal spaces, carotid sheath or pterygopalatine fossa, cavernous sinus thrombosis and meningitis www.indiandentalacademy.com
- 7. Ludwig’s angina Laboratory findings • Mixed infection. • No specific organism www.indiandentalacademy.com
- 8. Cavernous sinus thrombosis or Thrombophlebitis • It is serious condition consisting of formation of a thrombus in the cavernous sinus or its communicating branches • Infections of head, face & intraoral structures above maxilla are particularly prone to produce this disease. • Facial & agular veins, pterygoid plexus www.indiandentalacademy.com
- 9. Cavernous sinus thrombosis or Thrombophlebitis Clinical features • Patient extremely ill • Exopthalmous with edema of eyelids • Paralysis of external ocular muscles • Impairment of vision • Photophobia and lacrimation • Headache, nausea, vomiting, fever, chills www.indiandentalacademy.com
- 10. Maxillary sinusitis • An acute or chronic inflammation of maxillary sinus • Direct extension of dental infection, which is dependent on relation and proximity of teeth to sinus • From infectious diseases like common cold, influenza, exanthematous diseases • From local spread of infection from frontal or paranasal sinuses www.indiandentalacademy.com
- 11. Acute maxillary sinusitis C/F • Pain and swelling overlying the sinus • Painful sensation is one of pressure • Pain may be referred to teeth, ear, and other areas • Discharge of pus in the nose • Fetid breath • Fever & malaise www.indiandentalacademy.com
- 12. Chronic maxillary sinusitis C/F • Usually asymptomatic • Sometimes vague pain • Stuffy sensation on affected side of face • Mild discharge of pus into the nose • Fetid breath www.indiandentalacademy.com
- 13. Focal Infection & Focus of Infection • A focal infection is a localized or general infection caused by the dissemination of microorganisms or toxic products from a focus of infection. • Focus of infection is a circumscribed area of the tissue, which is infected with exogenous pathogenic microorganisms located near a mucous or cutaneous surface www.indiandentalacademy.com
- 14. Mechanism of focal infection • Metastasis of microorganisms from an infected focus by either hematogenous or lymphatic spread. • • Toxins or toxic products may be carried through blood stream or lymphatic channels from a focus to a distant site where they may incite a hypersensitive reaction in tissues. www.indiandentalacademy.com
- 15. Oral foci of infection • Infected periapical infection like periapical granuloma, cyst and abscess • Teeth with infected root canals • Periodontal diseases with special reference to tooth extraction or manipulation www.indiandentalacademy.com
- 16. Summary -Important spaces in the maxillofacial region – Etiology, clinical features, histopathological features of ludwig’s angina – Intracranial complications of dental extraction – Etiology, clinical features, histopathological features of acute & chronic sinusitis www.indiandentalacademy.com
- 17. BIBLIOGRAPHY • Text book of oral pathology Shafer's, 5 & 6th edition • Color Atlas of Oral Diseases Cawson, R. 2nd edition • Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology Neville, Brad W. 2nd • Lucas’s Pathology Of Tumor’s of the Oral Tissues • Cawson, R. A., Bennie, W. H 5th edition • Text Book of Microbiology Ananthanarayan R 7th Edition www.indiandentalacademy.com