Students will be able to understand ecology and ecosystem

1. Ecology and
Ecosystem
Dr. Mitali Gupta
Dr. Ambedkar Institute of
Management Studies and
Research

2. Ecology
 Ecology is the study of organisms,
environment and how the organisms interact
with each other and their environment.
 Ecology is the study of the relationships
between living organisms, including humans,
and their physical environment

3. Ecosystem
 An ecosystem is a geographic area where
plants, animals, and other organisms, as well
as weather and landscape, work together to
form a bubble of life.

4. Relations between
Environment, Ecology and
Ecosystem
 Environment: living and non-living things that
are present around the organisms.
 Ecosystem: it is the area in which living and
non-living things interact with each other and
one another.
 Ecology: it is the study of ecosystem, means
how the interaction between the organism is
happening..

5. Ecosystem= Ecology+ Environment
 Ecology is the study of interactions between
organisms, organisms and the surroundings
occurring within an ecosystem or
environment.
 An ecosystem is a functional unit of the
environment (mostly biosphere).
 An environment is a group of ecosystems.

6. Ecological Succession
 ECOLOGICAL SUCCESSION is the series of
changes that can occur in an ecosystem over
time

7. Types of Succession
 In primary succession, newly exposed or
newly formed rock is colonized by living things
for the first time.
 In secondary succession, an area
previously occupied by living things is
disturbed—disrupted—then recolonized
following the disturbance.

8. Food Chain
A food chain is a series of organisms that eat one another
so that energy and nutrients flow from one to the next.

9. Tropic Level
With each transition of energy, the food chain moves up
levels. These levels are called trophic levels. Here is a list
of the order of trophic levels.
 Trophic Levels:
 Primary Producers
 Primary Consumer
 Secondary Consumer
 Tertiary Consumer
 Quaternary Consumer

10. Food Web
A food web is a type of a food network with
several inter-linked food chains in a habitat.

11. Terrestrial Ecosystem
 A terrestrial ecosystem is found only on
landforms is known as the terrestrial
ecosystem.. There are four main types of
terrestrial ecosystem: –
 Desert ecosystem
 Forest ecosystem
 Grassland ecosystem
 Mountain ecosystem.

12. Aquatic Ecosystem
 An aquatic ecosystem can be defined as one
that exists in a water body. All the living
organisms are dependent on each other and
their surroundings for their survival. There are
two subcategories of an aquatic ecosystem:
 Marine ecosystem
 Freshwater ecosystem.

13. Forest Ecosystem
 A forest ecosystem
is a terrestrial unit of
living organisms.
 All interacting among
themselves and with
the environment (soil,
climate, water and
light) in which they
live.

14. Types Of Forest Ecosystems
 Tropical Rain Forest
 Tropical Seasonal Forest
 Temperate Evergreen and Deciduous Forest
 Boreal Forest
 Savanna and Woodland

16. Grassland Ecosystem
 A biological community that
contains few trees or
shrubs characterized by
mixed herbaceous
vegetation cover,
dominated by grasses or
grass like plants.
 It occupies about 19% of
earth’s surface.

18. Types Of Grassland
Ecosystem
 Tropical and subtropical grasslands
 Temperate grasslands
 Flooded grasslands
 Montane grasslands
 Tundra grasslands
 Desert and xeric grasslands

20. Desert Ecosystem
 A desert ecosystem exists
where there is little rainfall
and the climate is
extreme in harshness.
 It occupies about 17%
of the earth’s surface.

21. Types Of Desert
Ecosystem
 Hot and Dry Deserts
 Cold Deserts
 Semi-Arid Deserts
 Coastal Deserts

24. Aquatic Ecosystem
 It is an ecosystem
located in a water
bodies.
 The two main types of
aquatic ecosystems are
marine ecosystems and
freshwater ecosystems.

25. Types Of Aquatic
Ecosystem
 Marine Ecosystem.
 Freshwater Ecosystem
1.Lentic
2.Lotic
3.Wetland