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WAYS OF ENTERING
FOREIGN MARKETS
MODES OF ENTRY
Indirect Exporting
• Domestic-based export merchants
• Domestic-based export agents
• Cooperative organizations
• Export-management committees
Exporting through
independent
intermediaries
Indirect Exporting
2 Advantages
• Less investment
• Less risk
Direct Exporting
Handle their own exports to
gain higher potential returns
Direct Exporting
• Domestic-based export department / divisions
• Overseas sales branch / subsidiary
• Travelling export sales representative
• Foreign-based distributors / agents
Licensing
• Management contracts
• Contract Manufacturing
• Franchising
Issue license to a foreign company through
Joint Ventures
Sharing ownership & control with foreign investors
Direct Investment
Advantages
4 large markets
Direct ownership (buy / build)
• Securedcost (cheaper resources etc.)
• Image – giving jobs
• Building Relations
• Independent policies
• Assuredaccess to the market
Ways of entering foreign markets

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Ways of entering foreign markets