This document outlines a laboratory experiment on the physical properties of matter. The objectives are to identify properties of different substances, learn laboratory tools, and understand density calculations. Students will work in teams to measure extensive properties like mass and volume, as well as intensive properties including density, hardness, and reaction to water. Densities will be calculated for regular and irregular solids using formulas and displacement methods. The laboratory procedures are described in detail and include safety precautions. Students are instructed on how to document their results, analyses, and conclusions in a formal lab report.

1. Laboratory 3 Ingrid Echeverria
10-12
Laboratory N° 3
1. Title: PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER
2. Objective:
 - To identify and experiment with some properties of matter in different substances.
 - To know and manipulate some of the tools used in the lab.
 To understand the meaning of some properties of matter.
 To apply math to determine density and volume in solids and liquids
3. Problem questions.
How did Archimedes prove the King's crown was not solid gold?
What are the most visible properties of a liquid?
What types of physical properties can you find in a piece of copper?
4. Grouping and Material
Grouping: Students will be grouped in teams.
Material
� Glass watch
� Cardboard (piece
5cmx5cm)
�Aluminum foil
� Cylinders
� Cubes
� Sphere
� 1 parallelepiped
� Scale
� Ruler or Vernier
� Metal (Steel)nail
� Knife
� Cooper Penny
� Fingernail
� Beakers (50mL
and 100 mL)
� Clay
� Graduated
cylinders of 50 mL and 100
mL
� Limestone or
marble
� Pipettes.
� tiny stones or
rocks
�spatula
Reactants
� milk (100 mL)
� ethylic alcohol 20 mL
� Ketone or remove nail polish
� water 50 mL
� Pieces of different metals (Cu, Zn, Al, Na)
Material per Team
�- Pre-laboratory flow chart
Material per person
� Lab coat
� Binder

2. 5. Background Information.
Properties of matter: matter exhibits two types of properties: extrinsic (also known as
extensive) and intrinsic (also known as intensive).
Extensive, or extrinsic: These properties depend on the amount of matter a sample contains.
They are mass, volume, weight, inertia, and impenetrability.
Intensive, or intrinsic: these are the properties that do not depend on the amount of matter a
sample contains. Here we have two types of properties chemical and physical.
A. Chemical properties have to do with an internal change in the way how the atoms are organized
in the molecules, this is how substances react when they are in touch with or presence of air
(oxygen), acids, bases, water, or other chemicals.
B. Physical properties can be divided into organoleptic, and specific.
a. Organoleptic are the properties that can be perceived with the senses they are, color,
smell, taste, sound, shape, size, texture, etc.
b. Specific are more internal and they are unique, they allow us to recognize what type of
substance we have in our hands, for example, boiling point, melting point, density,
hardness, malleability, ductility, conduction of heat, and electricity, viscosity, solubility,
bright, elasticity, aggregation or natural state, etc.
6. Procedures
1.) Determine the extensive properties of the matter
A. Mass: Find the mass of the cylinder and the cube given to you. Use a triple beam scale (make at
least three measurements and determine accuracy and precision), create a data table, and write your
information.
B. Volume: Determine the volume of a solid.
REGULAR SOLID, this is a solid that has a geometric shape. Using rulers or Vernier, and the
mathematical procedure, find the volume of a cylinder, a cube, and a sphere. Using the
Vernier, measure as accurately as possible. Write your data, make your corresponding
graphics, and create data tables for your results.
IRREGULAR SOLID, this is solid with no definite shape, remember the procedure explained. Follow
the steps and find the volume of the rock. Use the formula, find the volume, and create your data
table, make your drawings.
2.) Determine the intensive properties of the matter

3. Laboratory 3 Ingrid Echeverria
10-12
A. Density of a regular solid.
a. With regular shape.
a. Using the triple beam scale, determine the cube's mass.
b. Using the Vernier, measure, as accurately as possible, each edge or side of the cube and
observe that they are all the same
c. Apply the mathematical formula to find the volume. V= LxLxL
d. Find the cube’s density using the mass of the cube and its volume.
Remember D= m/V units of density are g/cm3
e. Use the same process to find the density of the sphere and parallelepiped.
Keep in mind, that the formulas of the sphere’s volume and parallelepiped are different from
the cube’s volume.
b. With irregular shape.
i. Find the mass of clean, dry watch glass and record its mass.
Mass of watch glass alone (m1) =____ grams.
ii. Take the problem body to which you have to determine the density (die, aluminum, marble, copper,
stone, etc.) and find its mass on the scale over the clean and dry watch glass. Record its mass
Mass of watch glass with body (m2 – m1) = ___________ grams.
iii. Take a clean 50 or 100-ml graduated cylinder and add distilled water up to half its capacity. Make up
exactly to volume and record the volume occupied by the distilled water. We will call this volume
V1, write it down below.
Volume occupied by water (V1) __________ ml.
iv. Put the body in the graduated cylinder containing the distilled water, so the water level will rise.
Make sure that there are no air bubbles inside the graduated cylinder since if this were the
case, the result would be false. To remove air bubbles, place the test tube at an angle on a cloth
and tap it lightly on the table. Once you are sure that there is no trapped air, measure the new
volume, which we will call V2. This new volume represents the total volume of water plus the
volume of the body. Write it down below.
Volume of water + volume of body (V2) =______ ml.
v. It is clear that the volume of the body is equal to the increase in volume experienced by the water,
and that it is equal to (V2) minus (V1) =Body volume
(V2) – (V1) =________ ml.

4. B. Determine the density of a liquid.
Although densimeters exist to determine the density of liquids, density can also be found in the
laboratory with a balance and a graduated cylinder (or with a pycnometer).
The volume of a liquid is given directly by the graduated cylinder.
a. Take a perfectly clean and dry 50 or 100-mL graduated cylinder and find its mass on the scale.
Write down its weight
Weight of the graduated cylinder alone (m1)= ____________ grams.
b. Add a volume of test liquid that is half the capacity of the cylinder (25 ml of liquid in the 50 ml
cylinder and 50 ml of liquid in the 100 ml cylinder, for example). Write down the exact volume of the
liquid.
Exact volume of the liquid (V)= ___________ ml.
c. Find the mass of the graduated cylinder with the problem liquid inside and record this value below.
Mass of the test tube with the problem liquid (m2)= ____g.
d. As by definition, density is the result of dividing the mass of a body by the volume it occupies, you
just have to find that quotient.
D= m/V
EYE!!!!!!! How should I observe the liquid level in the cylinder???
graduated cylinder, or volumetric flask and place it on a flat surface,
the level of the liquid (meniscus) must be at eye level.
In the measurement of volumes, there are two very common causes of error. One is due to the fact
that we do not place the height of the liquid level at eye level. This error is called the parallax error.
The other cause of the error is due to the fact that although we place the liquid level at eye level,
we do not take the reading at the “tangent” to the meniscus. We call this error a level error.
C. Determining the Density of a liquid using a pycnometer.
To determine the density of Alcohol, milk, or ketone, using the pycnometer, we proceed as
follows.
a. Empty pycnometer mass with lid= _________ g (a)

5. Laboratory 3 Ingrid Echeverria
10-12
b. Pycnometer weight filled with alcohol, with its lid=_____g (b)
c. mass of the volume of alcohol contained in the pycnometer (b – a = mass of liquid). ____g
d. Determine density using the formula D=m/V
D. Determine the hardness of three different materials using the MOHS scale.
The hardness of a material refers to its resistance to being scratched.
Measure the hardness of three different materials.
Using steel nails, a knife, a copper penny, and your fingernail you must try to scratch some materials.
a. On your table place a piece of cardboard.
b. Use your fingernail and try to scratch this cardboard, if you can make a mark this means this
cardboard has 2.5 hardness. If you cannot scratch it then use the copper penny.
c. Use the same procedure to find the hardness in aluminum foil, a piece of metal, a piece of marble,
etc.
d. Create a table, record your observations, and write your conclusions.
E. Physical properties of matter
Take a cylinder and a cube (ask your teacher) and find on these two types of matter other
specific properties and organoleptic properties. Make a data table and record your observations.
F. Inertia
On the mouth of a flask place half a sheet of notebook and on this a coin, just above the mouth
of the flask. Pull one end of the sheet of paper horizontally and quickly.
Record and draw your results, and write your conclusions.
G. Reaction with water
Use goggles and gloves for your protection in this step.
a. In a beaker (100mL) pour 50 mL of distilled water.

6. b. With the spatula get a small piece of Na (metallic).
c. Place the Na into the water, and observe the reaction.
d. Draw and record your observations.
e. Make your analysis.
7. Flow chart.
Each student must do his/hers in the laboratory notebook or binder, based on the procedure in prose.
8. Results
Write your results, make your drawings, observations, and analysis of results. Create data tables for
recording your results as needed.
9. Respond
a. What differences or similarities did you find in the determination of the density of
regular and irregular bodies? Which procedure is more accurate?
b. At inertia, why is the coin not dragged along with the sheet of paper? What happened
with the coin? Explain the phenomenon.
c. How do you explain the reaction between Na+H2O? write the chemical reaction.
d. Describe the difference between qualitative and quantitative observations.
10. Conclusions.
Write your conclusion of this practice.
11. References/Resources
At the end of your report, make sure that you cite all resources, articles, and/or
publications that you rely upon.
For example
 Observations of a Burning Candle * Make *up Assignment. 2 Feb.2015:
https://studylib.net/doc/6630600/observations-of-a-burning-candle---make--up-assignment
 Anthony P. Hamins, Matthew F. Bundy , Scott E. Dillon. (2005, November 01).
Characterization of Candle Flames. https://www.nist.gov/publications/characterization-
candle-flames

7. Laboratory 3 Ingrid Echeverria
10-12
How you must do your lab report.
Your Lab Report must have all of the parts listed below.
1. A Title
2. The Objective
3. Materials List: Make a list of the material you used.
4. Background Information: First, research your lab experiment. Then, write at least one page with
relevant information from your research on the topic.
5. Problem Statement: Having read the background information given to you, you and your group must
find a problem statement for your lab report.
6. Hypothesis: Write your “educated guess”.
7. Observations: Using tables, graphics, diagrams, drawings, and pictures, you must write your
observations in your lab report. You must write the characteristics of chemical materials if you are
using them.
8. Analysis and questions: You must follow the steps provided and answer the questions or analysis that
this practice has asked you.
9. Conclusions: Reread the Objectives, Problem Statement, and Hypothesis in mind; write a short
paragraph that highlights two or three things you learned in this lab. These should be things you
didn’t know before starting this lab.
10. References: All your information sources must be written here. All the references that you used to
document your lab report. See references above.