Systems approach for integrated management of fateh sagar reservoir udaipur

1. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND
International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), ISSN 0976 – 6308 (Print),
ISSN 0976 – 6316(Online), Volume 5, Issue 10, October (2014), pp. 82-87 © IAEME
TECHNOLOGY (IJCIET)
ISSN 0976 – 6308 (Print)
ISSN 0976 – 6316(Online)
Volume 5, Issue 10, October (2014), pp. 82-87
© IAEME: www.iaeme.com/Ijciet.asp
Journal Impact Factor (2014): 7.9290 (Calculated by GISI)
www.jifactor.com
IJCIET
©IAEME
SYSTEMS APPROACH FOR INTEGRATED
MANAGEMENT OF FATEH SAGAR RESERVOIR,
UDAIPUR
Anil Mehta1, Dr. R.C. Mishra2, Dr. K. K. Chhabra3
1(Principal,VidyaBhawan Polytechnic, Udaipur)
2(Principal, Gurukul Institute of Engineering and Technology, Kota)
3(Director, Pacific College of Engineering, Udaipur)
82
ABSTRACT
The Upper Berach Basin (Udaipur Valley) is a fifth order drainage system of river Ganga
and is dotted with numerous big small surface water reservoirs. These reservoirs are the lifeline of
Udaipur, the Lake City of Southern Rajasthan, India. These reservoirs play an important role in
hydrological and ecological balance of Upper Berach Basin. They provide water for drinking
recreation. They are simultaneously instrumental in recharging of ground water, maintenance of
micro climate and mitigation of drought. The reservoir eco systems are facing serious environmental
problems like change in runoff patterns, frequent drying, contamination of impounded water by solid
and liquid wastes, excessive withdrawal and deterioration of overall ecological health. The integrated
management of reservoirs can be ensured by optimization techniques of systems approach. The case
study of Fatehsgar, which is outcome of Ph.D work, can be used as model for integrated
management of almost all surface reservoirs of tropical climate.
Keywords: Ecosystem, Reservoir Operation, Optimization, Systems Approach.
I. INTRODUCTION
The major factor contributing to the deterioration of reservoir ecosystems is over-exploitation
of surface and sub-surface waters of reservoirs. The un-planned extraction, without considering the
importance of reservoir ecology, is resulting in regular drying of lakes. The self purifying capacity of
these reservoirs has almost vanished, s further enhancing the death process of these reservoirs. The
first and foremost requirement for any reservoir ecosystem to sustain is its scientific operation.
Optimization techniques of systems approach can ensure both, maintenance of ecological health of
the reservoir and sustaining releases for meeting water demands.

2. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), ISSN 0976 – 6308 (Print),
ISSN 0976 – 6316(Online), Volume 5, Issue 10, October (2014), pp. 82-87 © IAEME
83
II. REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Abdulkadir et.al.2012, derived that the management of the water resources is crucial
since it directly affect the design and operation of many hydrological and hydraulic structures.
At the planning of the construction of a dam, optimization modeling is very important in determining
the optimum size of the reservoir. Yang et al 2013, opined that systems approach like ANN are
simple to build and easy to run, allowing accurate results to be obtain quickly and can be used in the
real-time control of subsurface drainage and sub-irrigation systems. Parhi et al. (2007) developed a
chance-constrained optimization model for design and operation of a reservoir for Ramiala reservoir
in the Brahmani. Lund (2006) developed a simple drought storage allocation rule to minimize
evaporative and seepage water losses from a system of reservoirs. Such a rule might have value
during a prolonged drought, when the value of lost water is likely to be particularly high. Mehta
(2005) described various structural and non structural techniques for ecological conservation and
balance of urban reservoirs. He specified that in order to sustain the ecological, limnological and
hydrological balance of the reservoirs; minimum 10 percent of the total storage capacity should be
maintained as minimum conservation pool level in the reservoirs. Tawatchai and Thana. (2005)
developed programming for optimal operation policy of Kok-Ing-Nan Transbasin diversion Sirkit
Reservoir of Thailand. The study indicated that optimization increased the system annual net benefits
by 50 percent. Jiaqi et al. (2003) presented an optimal mathematical model for the integrated
operation of the seven reservoirs and hydropower stations in the upper basin of yellow river of
China. The result showed that there was 5.89 percent increase in the average annual electricity
generated by the hydropower station of all seven reservoirs. Naidu (2002) developed a linear multi
objective programming model and used constraint techniques to derive optimum releases for various
purposes for Pench Hydroelectric Multipurpose project. The model was applied to three different
cases of inflows related to most critical rainfall year, average rainfall year and maximum rainfall.
The model was based on maximization of irrigation releases and maximization of hydropower
production. Ismail et al. (1997) proposed Chance Constraints LP model for optimization of the
monthly operation of a real water supply system specially during periods of drought.
III. STUDY AREA
The Udaipur reservoir (lake) system, arising out of river Berach and its tributaries, is an
integral components of Upper Berach Basin. Udaipur is founded by Maharana Udai Singh of Mewar
in 1559 A.D. Udaipur city is one of the most majestic and historic city. Every year some 0.8 million
tourists (20 percent foreigners) visit this city, and tourism is the main source of employment and
revenue generation. Udaipur city lies between 24033’ and 24038’ N latitudes and 73°41’ and 73°45’
E longitudes in a hilly and undulating terrain of Aravalli hill range. It is situated in the western part
of India and in the southern region of Rajasthan, covering 61.10 Sq.Km. area. It is 577 m above
mean sea level. It lies nearly 122 km north of Tropic of Cancer, and some 56 km north and 100 km
west of the boundaries of Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh respectively. The Udaipur lake system,
comprising of reservoirs Pichhola (Swaroop Sagar), Fateh Sagar, Bari ka Talab, Chhota Madar, Bada
Madar, Chikalwas feeder, Lakhawali, Udai Sagar, Vallabhnagar tank; and are primarily owned by
the Water Resources Department of Government of Rajasthan.
The reservoir Fateh Sagar occupies an important place in the social, economic and cultural
life of Udaipur city. The reservoir is situated on 24°36’ 16 N latitude and 73°40’ 45 E longitude at
578 m altitude (above MSL) in the north western sector of the city. This pear shaped lake was
constructed as a medium sized lake in 1678 A.D. Later on, in 1795 A.D., during the reign of
Maharana Bhim Singh incessant rainfall destroyed the lake. It was renovated in 1889 A.D. by
Maharana Fateh Singh. The dam is 720 m long and about 100m wide. Fateh Sagar reservior stretches

3. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), ISSN 0976 – 6308 (Print),
ISSN 0976 – 6316(Online), Volume 5, Issue 10, October (2014), pp. 82-87 © IAEME
2600 m in north-south and 1800 m in east-west directions, covering total water spread of nearly 4.0
Sq.km (2.56 Sq km at FTL) and has a maximum depth of 11.5 m. It commands a total catchment
area of about 43.25 Sq. km. Its gross, live and dead capacity of 12.09 million cubic meter (mcm), 7
mcm and 5.0 mcm respectively, evidently lower than that of Pichhola. The reservoir is mainly fed by
Chikalwas (Madar) feeder, from Madar reservoirs built across river Ahar and are located at a
distance of 8 Kms north of the reservoir. It also receives overflow of the Badi reservoir.
84
IV. MATERIAL METHODS
The reservoir operation policies with provision for ecological water; and maximization of
different releases can be drawn using various tools of systems approach. A reservoir operating policy
is a sequence of release decisions in operational periods specified as a function of the state of the
system. The state of the system in a period is generally defined by the reservoir storage at the
beginning of a period (St) and the inflow to the reservoir during the period (Qt). The releases
obtained after making deductions for evaporation and seepage from the total outflow can be
maximized using optimization techniques. The deterministic LP gives suitable results while doing
such optimization. For present study, LINPRO package developed by Simonovic has been used to
draw the decision rule for allocation.
Table 1: Standard Operation Policy for Fateh Sagar Reservoir (in million cubic meter)
Year St QT St+Qt Lt Net Available St+1 Rt Withdrawall in mld Remark
1970 2.6051 9.4861 12.0913 3.0228 9.0685 2.6000 6.468
5
17.7216 Overflowed
1971 2.6000 3.5892 6.1892 1.5473 4.6419 2.6000 2.041
9
5.5941
1972 2.6000 0.3058 2.9058 0.7265 2.1794 2.1794 0.000
0
0.0000
1973 2.1794 10.590
5
12.7699 3.1925 9.5774 2.6000 6.977
4
19.1160 Overflowed
1974 2.6000 0.7810 3.3810 0.8452 2.5357 2.5357 0.000
0
0.0000
1975 2.5357 7.5889 10.1246 2.5312 7.5935 2.6000 4.993
5
13.6806
1976 2.6000 5.3377 7.9377 1.9844 5.9533 2.6000 3.353
3
9.1870
1977 2.6000 5.5773 8.1773 2.0443 6.1330 2.6000 3.533
0
9.6793
1978 2.6000 6.3147 8.9147 2.2287 6.6860 2.6000 4.086
0
11.1944
1979 2.6000 5.5218 8.1218 2.0304 6.0913 2.6000 3.491
3
9.5652
1980 2.6000 6.6403 9.2403 2.3101 6.9302 2.6000 4.330
2
11.8635
1981 2.6000 6.4562 9.0562 2.2641 6.7922 2.6000 4.192
2
11.4853
1982 2.6000 0.9769 3.5769 0.8942 2.6827 2.6000 0.082
7
0.0000
1983 2.6000 8.6593 11.2593 2.8148 8.4445 2.6000 5.844
5
16.0121 Overflowed
1984 2.6000 5.6350 8.2350 2.0588 6.1763 2.6000 3.576
3
9.7979
1985 2.6000 6.9801 9.5801 2.3950 7.1851 2.6000 4.585
1
12.5617
1986 2.6000 2.7467 5.3467 1.3367 4.0100 2.6000 1.410
0
3.8631
1987 2.6000 0.0000 2.6000 0.6500 1.9500 2.6000 2.600
0
7.1232
1988 2.6000 5.3519 7.9519 1.9880 5.9639 2.6000 3.363
9
9.2161
1989 2.6000 9.3446 11.9446 2.9861 8.9584 2.6000 6.358
4
17.4201 Overflowed
1990 2.6000 5.2669 7.8669 1.9667 5.9002 2.6000 3.300
2
9.0415
1991 2.6000 4.3042 6.9042 1.7260 5.1781 2.6000 2.578
1
7.0633
1992 2.6000 6.6757 9.2757 2.3189 6.9568 2.6000 4.356
8
11.9362
1993 2.6000 4.5448 7.1448 1.7862 5.3586 2.6000 2.758
6
7.5578
1994 2.6000 7.0282 9.6282 2.4071 7.2212 2.6000 4.621
2
12.6606

4. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), ISSN 0976 – 6308 (Print),
ISSN 0976 – 6316(Online), Volume 5, Issue 10, October (2014), pp. 82-87 © IAEME
1995 2.6000 2.5485 5.1485 1.2871 3.8614 2.6000 1.261
85
4
3.4558
1996 2.6000 8.5234 11.1234 2.7808 8.3425 2.6000 5.742
5
15.7328
1997 2.6000 6.6148 9.2148 2.3037 6.9111 2.6000 4.311
1
11.8111
1998 2.6000 4.2192 6.8192 1.7048 5.1144 2.6000 2.514
4
6.8887
1999 2.6000 0.0000 2.6000 0.6500 1.9500 1.9500 0.000
0
0.0000
2000 1.9500 0.0000 1.9500 0.4875 1.4625 1.4625 0.000
0
0.0000
2001 1.4625 1.7769 3.2194 0.8098 2.4295 2.4295 0.000
0
0.0000
2002 2.4295 0.0000 2.4295 0.6074 1.8222 1.8222 0.000
0
0.0000
2003 1.8222 3.3980 5.2202 1.3050 3.9151 2.6000 1.315
1
3.6031
2004 2.6000 0.0000 2.6000 0.6500 1.9500 1.9500 0.000
0
0.0000
2005 1.9500 12.969
1
14.9191 3.7298 11.1893 2.6000 8.589
3
23.5322 Overflowed
2006 2.6000 5.6917 8.2917 2.0729 6.2188 2.6000 3.618
8
9.9143
2007 2.6000 0.4531 3.0531 0.7633 2.2898 2.2898 0.000
0
0.0000
2008 2.2898 0.8329 3.1227 0.7807 2.3420 2.2898 0.052
2
0.1431
2009 2.2898 1.7883 4.0781 1.0195 3.0586 2.2898 0.768
8
2.1062
2010 2.2898 11.011 13.3011 3.3253 9.9758 2.2898 7.686
0
21.0574
2011 2.2898 6.9981 9.2879 2.3220 6.9659 2.2898 4.676
1
12.8112
2012 2.2898 5.5861 7.8759 1.9690 5.9069 2.2898 3.617
1
9.9098
St: Minimum Pre Monsoon Storage, Qt: Inflow in Monsoon, St+Qt:Maximum Post Monsoon
Storage, Lt :Evaporation Seepage, Rt: Release
V. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS
The inflow and outflow data of Fatehsagar from the year 1970 to 2012, as obtained by the
water resources department, were used to draw the SOP. The releases obtained by standard operation
policy for 27 years were optimized using LINPRO software and operation rule was derived as:
Rt. = 0.776 Qt - 0.410, which keeps the provision of maintaining 20% ecological storage. The
release in particular year can be determined by applying this operation rule.

5. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), ISSN 0976 – 6308 (Print),
ISSN 0976 – 6316(Online), Volume 5, Issue 10, October (2014), pp. 82-87 © IAEME
The study concludes that proper assessment of hydrology of the drainage basin of any
reservoir; keeping provision of ecological water; and use of optimizing techniques of Systems
approach results in integrated and sustainable management of water resources.
86
REFERENCES
Journal Papers:
[1] Abdulkadir T.S., B. S. A. S., 2012. Application of Artificial Neural Network Model to the
Management of Hydropower Reservoirs Along River Niger, Nigeria. Annals of faculty
engineering Hunedoara-International journal of Engineering, 2012, ISSN 1584-2673.
[2] Ismail, D., Bihrat, O. and Bayazit, M. 1997. A chance-constrained LP model for short term
reservoir operation optimization. Journal of Engineering and Environmental Science
23: 181-186.
[3] Jiaqi, H. ,Yangbo,C. and Sichun, G.2003. An optimization model for the integrated operation
of the multiple reservoirs in the Upper yellow river. International Association of
Hydrological Sciences. ISSN 0144-7815.http//www.cig.ensmp.fr.
[4] Lund, J.R.2006. Drought storage allocation rules for surface reservoir systems. Journal of
water Reservoirs Planning and Management ASCE. http// www.cee.engr.ucdavis.edu.
[5] Mehta, A. 2005. Hydrological ecological balance of urban lakes. In : Proceedings of
National Seminar on Hydrological Aspects and Rejuvenation of Urban Lakes (HARUL)
organized by NIH Roorkee and MPUAT, Udaipur at Udaipur during Nov. 20-22, 2005.
[6] Naidu R. S., 2002. Optimal planning and operation of multipurpose reservoir. Journal of
Indian Water Works Association, 34: 7-11.
[7] Parhi, P.K., Jain S.K. Singh R., 2007. A chance-constrained optimization model for design
and operation of a reservoir: a case study. Hydrology General 30(1-2).
[8] Tawatchai, 2005, Optimization of Kok-Ing-Nan Transbasin Diversion for Sirikit Reservoir,
Thailand, Role of Water Sciences in Transboundary River Basin Management, Thailand,
2005, pp 139-145.
[9] Yang C.C., Shiv O. Prasher Chin S. Tan (2013) An artificial neural network model for
water table management systems, Canadian Water Resources Journal / Revue canadienne des
ressources hydriques, 24:1, 25-33, DOI: 10.4296/cwrj2401025.
[10] S. K. Hajare, “Optimization of Reservoir Operation using Neuro-Fuzzy Techniques”,
International Journal of Civil Engineering Technology (IJCIET), Volume 4, Issue 2, 2013,
pp. 149 - 155, ISSN Print: 0976 – 6308, ISSN Online: 0976 – 6316.
[11] Safayat Ali Shaikh, “Long Term Reservoir Operation Using Explicit Stochastic Dynamic
Programming”, International Journal of Civil Engineering Technology (IJCIET),
Volume 4, Issue 6, 2013, pp. 134 - 144, ISSN Print: 0976 – 6308, ISSN Online: 0976 – 6316.
Books:
[12] Bennet G., 1977, Management of Lakes and Ponds, Van Nostrand Reinhold Publication,
New York.
[13] Simonovic, S.P., 2009. Managing Water Resources: Methods and Tools for Systems
Approach. UNESCO Publishing: Paris.. ISBN: 978-1-84407-553-9. Print.
[14] Vedula S and Mujumdar P.P. 2005. Water resources systems- Modelling techniques and
analysis. Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Limited, New Delhi.

6. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), ISSN 0976 – 6308 (Print),
ISSN 0976 – 6316(Online), Volume 5, Issue 10, October (2014), pp. 82-87 © IAEME
87
AUTHOR’S DETAIL
Mr. Anil Mehta has done his B.E. in Civil Engineering from Engineering College
Kota (Now RTU, University College of Engineering), Rajasthan, and He is the Gold
Medalist in M.E. (Irrigation Water Management Engineering (IWME)) from College
of Technology and Engineering, M.P.U.A.T. Udaipur and Pursuing PhD in Water
Resources Engineering.Presently, He is working as Principal, Vidya Bhawan
Polytechnic, Udaipur.He is founder joint secretary of Jheel Sanrakshan Samiti.
He has published several research articles in reputed International Journals; and participated
in various national and international workshops and seminars.He has received several prestigious
awards .He has been Honored by various Social and Academic Organizations for voluntary efforts in
the field of Environment Water Management, He has been appreciated by the CAG of India for
expertise in the field of lake and water management..
Dr. R. C. Mishra is PhD from IIT, Kanpur and Graduate post graduate of BITS
Pilani, has about 37 years of teaching and research experience. He is working as a
principal, Gurukul Institute of Engineering Technology Ranpur, Kota
(Rajasthan). He is former pro. Vice chancellor of Rajasthan Technical University,
Kota.
He has published several research papers in international and national
journals and participated in various national and international conferences and
workshops also he handled various projects. His area of specialization is Structural
Engineering, Geotechnical Engineering and Numerical Analysis.
Dr. K.K. Chhabra ME, PhD, FIE has about 39 years of diversified experience - 37
years teaching, research extension and two years of experience in academic
administration as Director. As an academician Dr. Chhabra published more than 30
papers in National / International Journals Proceedings.
He is fellow of Institute of Engineer (India) in Environment Engineering
Division and member of several professional bodies. He remains Secretary and
Chairman of the Institution of Engineers (India) Udaipur local Centre. Indian
Society of Agricultural Engineers awarded him a Commendation Medal in Energy in Agriculture.
His areas of interest includes Operations Research; Production, Energy Conservation and
Maintenance Management.