WATER RESOURCES (AutoRecovered).docx

1
WATER RESOURCES
(Community Service Project Report)
Submitted in accordance with the requirement for the degree of
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
in
ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
Submitted
By
GEEDAM NAGENDRA SWAMI 21A91A04M6
RAYUDU HARSHA VARDHAN 21A91A04O6
UPPADA SAI KIRAN 21A91A04P8
V.S.S.SAI ELISHETTI 21A91A04Q0
THUMMAGANTI SIVA KRISHNA 21A91A04Q5
Under the esteemed guidance of
Dr. Mr.M.Neeladri
Designation:Assoc.Proffessor.
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS &COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
ADITYA ENGINEERING COLLEGE (A)
Approved by AICTE, Permanently Affiliated to JNTUK & Accredited by NAAC with ‘A’ Grade
Recognized by UGC under the sections 2(f) and 12(B) of the UGC act 1956
Aditya Nagar, ADB Road - Surampalem – 533437, E.G .Dist., A.P.,
2022-2023

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Student’s Declaration
I, G.NAGENDRA SWAMI,R.HARSHAVARDHAN ,U.SAI KIRAN, EV S S SAI, T.SIVA
KRISHNA we are students of B.Tech-ECE, with Roll No’S.21A91A04M6, 21A91A04O6,
21A91A04P8, 21A91A04Q0, 21A91A04Q5 of the Department of Electronics
&communication Engineering, ADITYA ENGINEERING COLLEGE, do hereby
declare that I have completed the mandatory community service from 22-08-2022 to 03-09-
2022 in PEDDAPURAM under the Faculty Guideship of MR.M.NEELADRI, Department of
Electronics &communication Engineering , ADITYA ENGINEERING COLLEGE.
By
GEEDAM NAGENDRA SWAMI 21A91A04M6
RAYUDU HARSHA VARDHAN 21A91A04O6
UPPADA SAI KIRAN 21A91A04P8
V.S.S.SAI ELISHETTI 21A91A04Q0
THUMMAGANTI SIVA KRISHNA 21A91A04Q5
Faculty Guide Head of the Department

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Acknowledgements
First we would like to thank “MR.M.Neeladri”, ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR in
Aditya Engineering College, for giving me the opportunity to do an community
service project within the organization.
we also would like all the people that worked along with us with their
patience and openness they created an enjoyable working environment.
It is indeed with a great sense of pleasure and immense sense of
gratitude that we acknowledge the help of these individuals.
We would like to thank Dr. M. Sreenivasa Reddy, Principal, Aditya
Engineering College (A) for giving the opportunity to accomplish this
community service project.
We would like to thank my Head of the Department VELLA
SATYANARAYANA for his constructive criticism throughout our
internship.
We are extremely great full to my department staff members and
friends who helped in successful completion.

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Contents
CHAPTER PAGE No.
LIST OF FIGURES
LIST OF TABLES
ABSTRACT
1. INTRODUCTION 6-7
2. PROBLEM STATEMENT, HYPOTHESIS AND RATIONALE 7-9
3. WORK PLAN 9-13
4. METHODOLOGY 13-16
5. COMMUNITY SERVICE PART 17-55
6. SOLUTION FOR THE PROBLEM 56
7. CONCLUSION 57
8. REFERENCES 58

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Abstract
Water is one of the basic resources needed to sustain plant
and animal life and ultimately human existence. Judicious use of
this resource should be the concern of all people. This booklet
gives a brief amount of estimated water resources and its
efficient use. This booklet describes the hydrologic cycle, types,
utilization, and economic use of water. This will enable the
farmer to use the water more scientifically and economically.

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Introduction
Water is an essential requirement of all living beings and
indispensable for many human related activities. In nature it transports
eroded material from mountains and forests to the plains and the sea.
Man uses water to carry away his wastes, generate electric power, for
navigation, industrial purposes and as a source of recreation. Apart
from all these, the role of water in agriculture is very significant Water
is a limited resource and its efficient use is crucial to the survival of the
human beings. Therefore, every effort must be made to make the best
use of water to make possible a high level of continuous production.
Several factors are to be kept in mind for the conservation and
development of water resources. These are as follows:
1. availability and source of water;
2. climatic condition;
3. quality of water;
4. factors affecting water resources;
5. distribution and variation of rainfall & water resources;
6. competing demands; and
7. nature of the soil.
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

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Problem Statement,
hypothesis and rationale
Total water in the world is estimated to be 1.5 billion cu km. About 95% of this is the salty water found
in the oceans. This comes to around 1.425 billion cu km. Remaining 5% is fresh water i.e. only 75
million cu km. Out of this 75 million cu km 60 million cu km are immobilized as continuously frozen
polar ice and snow, leaving only 15 million cu km as fresh liquid water for human, animal and plant
needs. The world reserve of water resources is given in Fig. 1.
World Water Resources
Of the 15 million cu km of fresh water about 1 % (150,000 cu kin) is surface water found in
rivers, lakes and streams and 99% is stored underground at varying depths. About half of this ground
water (7,000,000 cu km) is stored at depths greater than 1000 metres and is considered too expensive
to pump to the surface for most uses. So total usable water in the world is 7 million cu km of fresh
ground water at reasonable depth plus the 1,50,000 cu km of surface water.
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY

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III. Hydrologic Cycle
Consumable water is obtained through precipitation. Precipitation occurs by the unending
moisture cycle of the earth called hydrologic cycle. Moisture is constantly circulating between the land,
the ocean and the atmosphere. This hydrologic cycle has neither a beginning nor an end. Radiation
from the sun evaporates water from ocean, lakes, rivers into the atmosphere. Transpiration also takes
place from the vegetation and adds water to the atmosphere. The water vapour rises and collects to
form clouds. Under certain conditions, the cloud moisture condenses and falls back to the earth as rain,
hail, sleet or snow. The whole process is diagrammatically given in two Figures 2a & 2b. The
Hydrologic Cycle.
Hydrologic cycle.

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Hydrologic cycle.
Work Plan
On an average, India receives about 120 cm of precipitation in a year, mostly as rainfall. .On
volume basis this is 394.5 million hectare meter (m. ham). (let us take 400 m. ha m as an approximate
figure). The main source of precipitation is rainfall. India is a vast country in the world compared to any
other country having an annual rainfall of about 117 to 120 cm. Rainfall over the entire country during
monsoon is nearly 75% of the mean annual, while during pre-monsoon and post -monsoon seasons
the country receives almost the same amount of rainfall which is about 10 to 11 % of the mean annual.
In January and February, the country receives just about 3.5% of the mean annual rainfall and it is
mostly confined to Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, North-West U.P., North Bengal and
Assam. Different monsoons are shown below in Tables 1 & 2 respectively.
Table 1. Rainfall distribution in various states of India (in mm)
Sl.No. States Meteorological
Sub-divisions
Rainfall

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1 Andhra Pradesh Costal
Telangana
Rayalaseema
935
891
893
2 North Eastern States Arunachal Pradesh
Assam
Nagaland
3736
2423
2065
3 Bihar Plateau
Plains
1490
1267
4 Gujarat Gujarat
Saur Astra
1002
590
5 Haryana Haryana 772
6 Himachal Pradesh Himachal Pradesh 1971
7 Jammu & Kashmir Jammu & Kashmir 967
8 Karnataka Costal
North Interior
South Interior
3366
837
914
9 Kerala Kerala 2961
10 Madhya Pradesh West
East
1144
1470
11 Maharashtra Madhya
Marathwada
Vidarbha
Konkan
706
780
1124
2871
12 Orissa Orissa 1486
13 Punjab Punjab 760
14 Rajasthan West
East
465
937
15 Tamil Nadu Tamil Nadu
Pondicherry
1008
1335
16 Uttar Pradesh East
Plains
Hills
873
806
1840
17 West Bengal Sub-Himalayan
Gangetic
3079
1846
Note: The above-mentioned figures are based on the total rainfall received from June to
September during 1977-78.
Based on these, different regions of the country can be divided into three categories viz., high
rainfall areas, medium rainfall areas and low areas. The areas receiving above 1,150 mm annual
rainfall are high rainfall areas, those receiving between 750 and 1,150 mm are medium rainfall areas
and the areas with annual rainfall below 750 mm are low rainfall areas.
Table 2. Distribution and extent of rainfall through different monsoons
S.No Time & type of monsoon % Of rainfall
1. South West monsoon (June to Sept) 75
2. Post monsoon season ((Oct to Dec.) 10 – 11
3. Winter season (Jan to Feb) 3-4
4. Pre-monsoon season (Mar to May) 10-11
.
IV. Types of Water Resources Based on Uses
According to the uses water resources may be classified into three main groups.

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1. For consumptive uses
2. Partially consumptive uses
3. Non consumptive uses
1. Consumptive uses
Irrigation, urban and rural water supplies are grouped in this ' category, since, in these situations, water
is directly consumed by living beings.
2. Partially consumptive uses
Use of water for domestic and industrial purposes, thermal and nuclear power generation, etc.
are partially consumptive as, a part of the water can be renewed for reuse after proper conditioning.
3. Non-consumptive uses
This includes the quantity required for hydro-power generation, navigation, pollution control,
recreation, preservation of fish and wild life etc.
V. Water Resources in India
According to the placement, water resources of India are : divisible into two distinct categories:
A. Surface water resources
B. Ground water resources
The precipitation that falls on land is the ultimate source for both the categories of water
resources.
A. Surface water resources
When rain falls, a sizable portion is intercepted by the vegetation, or temporarily detained in
surface depressions. When the available interception or the depression storages are completely
exhausted and when the rainfall intensity at the soil surface exceeds the infiltration capacity of the soils,
the over land flow begins. This water reaches the rivers, streams, lakes, surface reservoirs, darns, etc.
Our irrigation mainly depends on surface water resources. Runoff water from streams and rivers is
stored in reservoirs or is diverted directly through canal system for irrigation. Water resources region
can be planned on the basis of river basins.
1. River systems in India
Rivers are the main source of surface water. A river basin has well defined watershed boundary
and also has relationship with ground water resources in most of the cases.
India has been divided into six river basins for the purpose of assessment of the available water
resources. The following table will present the location, climatological factors, annual run-off and
approximate volume of water of these six river basins. These are:
a. Indus basin
b. Ganga system
c. Brahmaputra system
d. East coast
e. West coast and
f. Rajputana region
Table 3 -Different river basins of India

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Sl.
No.
Important
River basin
State in the
region
Cath
Ment
Area
(m
ha)
Avg
Annual
Precipt
ation
Mha
metre
Total
Precipi-
Tation
M ha
metre
Mean
Tempe-
Rature
O
C
Avg
Annual
Runoff
M ha
metre
Volu
me
Of
Wate
r
M ha
metr
e
1 Ravi, Beas,
Sutlej
J &
Kashmir,
Punjab
Haryana
Himachal
prade
35.4
0
56.00 19.82 1260 07.94 04.9
3
2 Ganga,
Yamuna
Chambal
Gogra
Gudok,
Kosai
U.P. Bihar,
M.P
Rajasthan
& West
Bengal
97.6
0
111 108.3 16.80 48.96 18.5
0
3 Brahmaputra
,
Subausiri,
Manor
Teest
Assam,
Meghalaya
,
Nagaland
West
Bengal
50.6
2
122 61.72 08.20 38.08 1.23
4 Kaveri,
Krishna,
Godavari,
Mahanadi,
Subarnarekh
a
Dam odal
Madhya
Pradesh
Bihar,
Orissa,
West
Bengal
A.P.
Maharashtr
a
Karnataka
Tamil Nadu
121 109 131.9 26.1 41.19 33.8
0
5 Tapti,
Narmada,
Mahi,
Sabarmati
Gujarat,
Kerala
Maharastra
Karnataka
49.1
6
122 59.98 25.5 31.06 6.92
6 Luni &
Ghagaoa
Rajasthan 16.8
0
29.00 04.87 26.2 - 1.22
7 Total 370.
61
--- 386.7 --- 167.2 66.6
The assessment of this surface reservoir is also calculated by lots of assumptions on run-off,
rainfall temperature etc. So this resource can be an approximate figure. All these water resources
cannot be utilized due to the limitations imposed by the physiographic factors.
Surface water stored in reservoirs or diverted directly is distributed for irrigation through the
canal irrigation network. A canal starts either from a water storage dam or diversion darn. Irrigation

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water flows through the complete canal system before it reaches the farmer's field to be irrigated. The
canal network consist- of canals, distributaries, water courses and field channels.
B. Ground Water Resources
The main source of ground water is rainfall. However, ground water recharge is supplemented
by other sources such as seepage from canals and field channels, ponds, tanks, effluent drainage from
rivers, deep percolation from irrigated fields, etc. A part of any of these water sources that infiltrates
into surface soil may continue to move laterally at a shallow depth. This water which flows below the
soil surface may eventually reach the stream channel. This flow of water below the surface is called
sub surface run off. A part of the sub surface run-off may enter the stream promptly, whereas the
remaining part may percolate deeply into the soil and remain above the water table in the zone of
saturated flow. This water table shows the upper level of ground water in the earth.
The total run-off in the stream channel includes the melted snow, the surface run-off, the sub
surface run-off and the ground water run -off. The portion of run-off water, after infiltration reaches the
ground water table, together with the contribution made to ground water from a neighboring basins,
effluent rivers, natural lakes, ponds, artificial storage reservoirs, and canals irrigations r constitutes the
ground water resources.
This whole process is diagrammatically explained below Figure 2
1. Ground water regions or India
The availability and development potential of ground water in India based on geological
consideration can be described under the following three broad categories:
a. Unconsolidated rocks
b. Semi-consolidated rocks
Methodology
Utilization of Water Resources
Water resources are utilized mainly for three purposes:
1. Irrigation
2. Industrial
3. Domestic
Out of these three, irrigation is the major consumer of water resources. The total utilization of water
in India is depicted in the following flow-chart in Figure 3. on the Total Precipitation.
Total Precipitation

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Our water resources are insufficient to meet the long term requirement of agriculture, industry
and other uses, unless its judicious and economic uses are ensured.
The total geographical area of our country is 328.7 million hectares (m.ha). About 42% of this
area is under cultivation i.e., 140.7 m ha. Only 26.6% of this area is irrigated through various sources.
Following tables give the area irrigated by different sources indifferent years and the States.
Table 6. Irrigation potential or different sources or water
(Area in million hectares)
Sl.No. Sources 1981-82 1982-83 1983-84 1984-
85
1 Government canals 14.68
(36.3)
14.87
(37.2)
15.74
(37.5)
15.33
(36.5)
2 Private canals 0.84
(2.1)
0.495
(1.2)
0.495
(1.2)
0.495
(1.2)
3 Tanks 3.506
(8.8)
3.112
(7.8)
3.783
(9.0)
3.330
(8.0)
4 Tube we/ls 9.900
(24.9)
10:684
(26.7)
10.973
(26.I)
11.265
(26.9)
5 Other wells 8.267
(20.8)
8.428
(21.1)
8.548
(20.4)
8.723
(20.9)
6 Other sources 2.566
(6.5)
2.375
(6.0)
2.411
(5.8)
2.600
(6.2)
7 Total irrigated area 39.764 39.969 41.995 41.779
(in bracket per cent of the area is shown)
Irrigation is mainly carried out through minor irrigation schemes as well as major and medium
irrigation schemes. Our nation has the potentiality to explore maximum amount of water but technology
and attempts have to be developed for the utilization. Following table gives the potential created and
utilized water.

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Table 7. Net area irrigated by different sources (in thousand ha)
Sl
.
No.
States Canals Tanks Tube
wells
Other
wells
Other
source
Total
Irrigat
ed area
1 Andhra Pradesh 1627 1100 114 470 126 3437
2 Assam 362 --- --- --- 210 572
3 Bihar 896 118 846 225 475 2760
4 Gujarat 245 25 130 999 15 1414
5 Haryana 1036 1 682 31 4 1754
6 Arunachal Pradesh --- 0.5 2 1 87 90
7 Jammu & Kashmir 280 0.5 2 1 11 302
8 Karnataka 480 410 0.5 336 131 1365
9 Kerala 86 58 54 NA 30 228
10 Madhya Pradesh 801 132 26 700 145 1804
11 Maharashtra 379 260 -- 1046 117 1802
12 Manipur --- --- --- --- 65 65
13 Meghalaya --- --- --- --- 37 37
14 Orissa 655 233 NA 127 --- 1015
15 Punjab 1383 -- 1559 172 7 3121
16 Rajasthan 887 53 50 1219 30 2547
17 Tamil Nādu 911 750 62 807 35 2565
18 Tripura --- 2 --- 0.5 23 30
19 Uttar Pradesh 2473 330 3189 1314 349 7933
20 West Bengal 960 303 --- 17 209 1409
21 Union Territories 28 3 45 7 35 118
All India 13775 3986 6469 7557 2304 34491
NA = Not Available
Source: Water Use Efficiency in Agriculture by S. Giriappa, P.35.
Total ground water resources can irrigate 42.29 m ha, but present utilization is only 10.01 m ha
and remaining 32.28 m ha is left unutilized, though there is a potential to explore it.
VII. Economic Use of Water Resources
Water is the most critical input in crop production. It also influences almost all the bio-
physiological processes of plants. When we speak of economic use of water, it refers to the system
which aims at optimum utilization of available water resources in crop production without adversely
affecting soil health. As we have discussed earlier the main source of water for plant growth is irrigation,
so while irrigating following important points are to be kept in mind. These are:
--when to irrigate
--how much to irrigate
--how best to irrigate
Determination of water requirement and criteria for scheduling irrigation help to define when to
irrigate. The estimation of plant available moisture and deficit expressed as depth in the rooting zone
enables to decide how much to irrigate. Selection of suitable method of irrigation in a given situation
will meet the question how best to irrigate. Some other measures for efficient management of irrigation
water are discussed as below.

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This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC

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COMMUNITY SERVICE PART
on the part of community service project we try to interact with
the nearby village people about the concept of water resources in
that searching we found some people who were belonged to the
village Peddapuram, East Godavari dist.
We asked some questions about water resources
NAME OF FACULTY MENTOR: MR.M.Neeladri
ADITYA ENGINEERING COLLEGE(A)
SURAMPALEM
QUESTIONNAIRE FOR SURVEY
1. Name of the respondent:
2. Age:
3. Sex
4. Educational qualification:
5. Occupation
[] Government [ ] Private [ ] Unemployed []Others
6. Annual Income
7. Expenditures
9. Address:
10. Phone:
11. Email (if any):
12. Housing typology
[] Apartment [] Individual [] Others
13.Area of the plot (Sq ft)
14.Is water important in our life?
YES NO
15.Where do you get your drinking water from?
A) Tap water
b) Well water
c) Pond water
d) Mineral water from mineral stations
16.Where do store your drinking water?
a) Plastic Tins b) Millet cane c) Steel cane
17.Where do you get the water for irrigation purpose?
a) ponds b) Bore Wells c) Water Motors

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18. what are your thoughts about water scarcity?
a) poor water resources
b) poor climatic conditions
c) bad government
19) What was the cause of Water Pollution?
/Heavy rains/Poor Drainage/ Canal embankment breaching [] others
20) Have you experienced damage to your property from flood and River
water pollution?
21) What are your suggestions to minimize the effects of water pollution?
22) Give your suggestions to improve the quality of life
23) List the problems prevailing in your area
Encroachment [ ]
Congestion [ ]
Ground water quality [ ]
Traffic [ ]
Drainage [ ]
River water pollution [ ]
Transportation [ ]
Metro water supply [ ]
Pollution [ ]

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ADITYA ENGINEERING COLLEGE(A), SURAMPALEM
COMMUNITY SERVICE PROJECT
SOCIO-ECONOMY SURVEY
AREA OF THE SURVEY CONDUCTED:
House
No.
5-176 Habitat/Ward Peddapuram Panchayat/Municipal Peddapuram
Post
Office
PDP Mandal PDP District KAKINADA
1.Household details:
S.no Name of the
person
Gender
M/F
Age Education Profession/Employment Income
(per
year)
1. S.Thatharao M 45 10th Farmer 40000
2. S.Subhalakshmi F 40 12th House Wife 8000
3. S.Anusha F 19 B.tech - -
4. s.Aruna F 17 Bsc.BZC - -
2.Social Status Details:
(i) Caste: OC (ii) Sub-Caste: Kapu (iii) Religion: Hindu
3.Economic Status details:
1 Type of House: Pucca house
2 House status: Own
3 Drinking Water Source: Govt. Tap connection
4 Availability of Agricultural land: Yes
5 Extent of Agricultural land: 1 Acre
6 Livestock resources: Water Motor, Cows
Place: Peddapuram
Date:08/09/2022
Name of the respondent: S. THATHABABU
Age: 45
Sex: MALE
Educational qualification: 10th
Occupation
[] Government [ ] Private [ ] Unemployed [Farmer] Others

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Annual Income: 48000/-
Address: near Lalitha theatre, Peddapuram, Kakinada
Phone: -
Email (if any): -
Housing typology
[] Apartment [ ] Individual [] Others
13.Area of the plot (Sq ft) 1acre
YES NO
15.Where do you get your drinking water from? [A]
A) Tap water
b) Well water
c) Pond water
16.Where do store your drinking water? [c]
17.Where do you get the water for irrigation purpose? [c]
18. what are your thoughts about water scarcity? [c]
c) bad government
19) What was the cause of Water Pollution? [Poor Drainage]
20) Have you experienced damage to your property from River water pollution? [YES]
A. [BY DECREASING THE INDUSTRIES]
A. BE HEALTHY
Encroachment [ NO ]
Congestion [ NO ]
Ground water quality [ YES ]
Traffic [ NO ]
Drainage [ YES ]
River water pollution [ NO ]
Transportation [ YES ]
Metro water supply [ NO ]
Pollution [ YES ]

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Hous
e No.
5-125 Habitat/War
d
Ramesampet
a
Panchayat/Municip
al
Rangampet
a
Post
Offic
e
Ramesampet
a
Mandal Rangampeta District East
Godavari
S.no Name of the
person
Gender
M/F
(per
year)
1. K.Appana M 45 B. A Bank Officer 60000
2. K.Durga F 35 3rd House Wife -

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7 Type of House: Apartment
8 House status: Rented
10 Availability of Agricultural land: NO
11 Extent of Agricultural land: NO
12 Livestock resources: NO
Place: Ramesampeta
Date:08/09/2022
Name of the respondent: K.Appana
Age: 45
Sex: MALE
Educational qualification: B. A
Occupation
[] Government [Bank Employee] Private [ ] Unemployed [] Others
Address: Ramesampeta , Rangampeta , East Godavari
Phone: -
Email (if any): -
Housing typology
[ ] Apartment [] Individual [] Others
13.Area of the plot (Sq ft) : NO
YES NO
15.Where do you get your drinking water from? [D]
A) Tap water
b) Well water
c) Pond water
16.Where do store your drinking water? [a]
17.Where do you get the water for irrigation purpose? [NO]

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18. what are your thoughts about water scarcity? [a]
c) bad government
19) What was the cause of Water Pollution? [INDUSTRIES]
A. [BY IMPROVING WATER RESOURCES]
A. DRINK SAFE WATER
Encroachment [ YES ]
Congestion [ YES ]
Traffic [ YES ]
Drainage [ YES ]
Pollution [ YES ]

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House
No.
5-124 Habitat/Ward Peddapuram Panchayat/Municipal PDP
Post
Office
PDP Mandal PDP District KKD
S.no Name of the
person
Gender
M/F
(per
year)
1. S.Lova
Raja
M 50 NA Farmer 12000
2. S.Manga F 45 NA House Wife -
3. S.Ramesh M 25 B.tech Software Engineer 45000
13 Type of House: Bungalow
14 House status: Own
15 Drinking Water Source: Mineral Water

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16 Availability of Agricultural land: YES
17 Extent of Agricultural land: 5acres
18 Livestock resources: Cows
Place: Peddapuram
Date:08/09/2022
Name of the respondent: S. Lovarajau
Age: 50
Sex: MALE
Educational qualification: NA
Occupation
[] Government [] Private [ ] Unemployed [Farmer] Others
Address: Peddapuram, Peddapuram, Kakinada
Phone: -
Email (if any): -
Housing typology
13.Area of the plot (Sq ft): 5acres
YES NO
15.Where do you get your drinking water from? [D]
A) Tap water
b) Well water
c) Pond water
16.Where do store your drinking water? [a]
17.Where do you get the water for irrigation purpose? [C]
c) bad government

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A. DRINK SAFE WATER
Encroachment [ NO ]
Congestion [ NO ]
Traffic [ NO ]
Drainage [ YES ]
Transportation [ NO ]
Pollution [ YES ]

27
Hous
e No.
1-356 Habitat/War
d
Ramasempet
a
Panchayat/Municipa
l
Rangampet
a
Post
Office
Ramasempet
a
Mandal Rangampeta District EG
S.no Name of the
person
Gender
M/F
(per
year)
1. Y.Subramanyam M 46 NA Labour 30000
2. Y.Bhavani F 39 NA House Wife -
3. Y.Shekar M 15 10th
class
Student -

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(i) Caste: BC (ii) Sub-Caste: Chettibhajji (iii) Religion: christians
19 Type of House: Pucca House
21 Drinking Water Source: Tap Water
24 Livestock resources: Sheeps
Place: Ramesampeta
Date:08/09/2022
Name of the respondent: Y.Bhavani
Age: 39
Sex: FEMALE
Educational qualification: NA
Occupation
[] Government [] Private [ ] Unemployed [House Wife] Others
Annual Income: 30000
Address: Ramasempeta, Rangampeta, East Godavari
Phone: -
Email (if any): -
Housing typology
13.Area of the plot (Sq ft): NO
YES NO
A) Tap water
b) Well water
c) Pond water

29
c) bad government
A. Improve Water Resources
Encroachment [ NO ]
Congestion [ NO ]
Traffic [ NO ]
Drainage [ YES ]
Pollution [ YES ]

30
Hous
e No.
5-146 Habitat/War
d
Ramasempet
a
Panchayat/Municipa
l
Rangampet
a
Post
Office
Ramasempet
a
S.no Name of the
person
Gender
M/F
(per
year)
1. D.Maheswar
Rao
M 50 10th Farmer 30000
2. D.Shanthi F 44 - House Wife -
3. D.Mahesh M 23 4th Farmer 30000
4. S.Jaanu F 20 8th House Wife 5000
(i) Caste: BC (ii) Sub-Caste: Asari (iii) Religion: Hindu
Place: Ramesampeta
Date:08/09/2022
Name of the respondent: S.Mahesh
Age: 23
Sex: MALE
Educational qualification: 4th class
Occupation

31
Phone: -
Email (if any): -
Housing typology
YES NO
A) Tap water
b) Well water
c) Pond water
c) bad government
Encroachment [ NO ]
Congestion [ NO ]
Traffic [ NO ]
Drainage [ YES ]
Pollution [ YES ]

32
Hous
e No.
1-85 Habitat/War
d
Ramasempet
a
Panchayat/Municipa
l
Rangampet
a
Post
Office
Ramasempet
a
S.no Name of the
person
Gender
M/F
(per
year)
1. G.Badramma F 64 3rd class Cook 50000
2. G.Mallesh M 25 Btech Software Engineer 340000

33
Place: Ramesampeta
Date:08/09/2022
Name of the respondent: G.Mallesh
Age: 23
Sex: MALE
Educational qualification: Btech
Occupation
[] Government [Software Enginner] Private [ ] Unemployed [] Others
Phone: -
Email (if any): -
Housing typology
[ ] Apartment [] Individual [] Others
YES NO
A) Tap water
b) Well water
c) Pond water

34
c) bad government
Encroachment [ NO ]
Congestion [ NO ]
Traffic [ NO ]
Drainage [ YES ]
Pollution [ YES ]

35
Hous
e No.
1-85 Habitat/War
d
Ramasempet
a
Panchayat/Municipa
l
Rangampet
a
Post
Office
Ramasempet
a
S.no Name of the
person
Gender
M/F
(per
year)
1. K.Ramu M 28 5th Xerox Shop Owner 1200000
2. K.Renuka F 25 Degree House Wife -
(i) Caste: BC (ii) Sub-Caste: Kshatriya (iii) Religion: Hindu
39 Drinking Water Source: Mineral Water
42 Livestock resources: -
Place: Ramesampeta
Date:08/09/2022
Name of the respondent: K.Ramu
Age: 25
Sex: MALE
Occupation
[] Government [] Private [ ] Unemployed [Xerox Shop Owner] Others

36
Phone: -
Email (if any): -
Housing typology
YES NO
A) Tap water
b) Well water
c) Pond water
c) bad government
Encroachment [ YES ]
Congestion [ YES ]
Traffic [ NO ]
Drainage [ YES ]
Pollution [ YES ]

37
Hous
e No.
1-14 Habitat/War
d
Ramasempet
a
Panchayat/Municipa
l
Rangampet
a
Post
Office
Ramasempet
a
S.no Name of the
person
Gender
M/F
(per
year)
1. Katta
Veera
M 30 NA Farmer 48000
2. Katta
Anantha
F 25 9th class - -

38
Place: Ramesampeta
Date:08/09/2022
Name of the respondent: K.Veera
Age: 30
Sex: MALE
Occupation
Phone: -
Email (if any): -
Housing typology
YES NO
A) Tap water
b) Well water
c) Pond water

39
c) bad government
Encroachment [ NO ]
Congestion [ NO ]
Traffic [ NO ]
Drainage [ YES ]
Metro water supply [ YES ]
Pollution [ YES ]

40
Hous
e No.
4-75 Habitat/War
d
Ramasempet
a
Panchayat/Municipa
l
Rangampet
a
Post
Office
Ramasempet
a
S.no Name of the
person
Gender
M/F
(per
year)
1. P.Naga
Babu
M 40 - Farmer 36000
2. P.Kumari F 35 - House Wife -
Place: Ramesampeta
Date:08/09/2022
Name of the respondent: P.NagaBabu
Age: 40
Sex: MALE
Educational qualification: -
Occupation

41
Phone: -
Email (if any): -
Housing typology
YES NO
A) Tap water
b) Well water
c) Pond water
c) bad government
Encroachment [ NO ]
Congestion [ NO ]
Traffic [ YES ]
Drainage [ YES ]
Pollution [ YES ]

42
Hous
e No.
5-146 Habitat/War
d
Surampalem Panchayat/Municipa
l
Surampale
m
Post
Office
Ramasempet
a
Mandal Peddapura
m
District EG
S.no Name of the
person
Gender
M/F
(per
year)
1. A.Ammoji F 65 - Cook 60000
2. A.Anji M 35 B.Tech Software Enginner 450000

43
Place: Surampalem
Date:08/09/2022
Name of the respondent: A.Ammoji
Age: 65
Sex: FEMALE
Occupation
[] Government [] Private [ ] Unemployed [Cook] Others
Address: Surampalem, Peddapuram, East Godavari
Phone: -
Email (if any): -
Housing typology
YES NO
A) Tap water
b) Well water
c) Pond water

44
c) bad government
Encroachment [ NO ]
Congestion [ NO ]
Ground water quality [ NO ]
Traffic [ NO ]
Drainage [ YES ]
Pollution [ YES ]

45
Hous
e No.
1-25 Habitat/War
d
l
Surampale
m
Post
Office
Ramasempet
a
Mandal Peddapura
m
District EG
S.no Name of the
person
Gender
M/F
(per
year)
1. K.Kantarao M 60 - Daily Labour 40000
2. K.Kranthi F 55 - House Wife -
Place: Surampalem
Date:08/09/2022
Name of the respondent: K.Kantarao
Age: 40
Sex: MALE
Occupation
[] Government [] Private [ ] Unemployed [Labour] Others

46
Phone: -
Email (if any): -
Housing typology
YES NO
A) Tap water
b) Well water
c) Pond water
c) bad government
Encroachment [ NO ]
Congestion [ NO ]
Traffic [ NO ]
Drainage [ YES ]
Pollution [ YES ]

48
Hous
e No.
1-26 Habitat/War
d
l
Surampale
m
Post
Office
Ramasempet
a
Mandal Peddapura
m
District EG
S.no Name of the
person
Gender
M/F
(per
year)
1. K.Kanaka
Raju
M 60 - Daily Labour 40000
2. K.Sithamma F 55 - House Wife -
Place: Surampalem
Date:08/09/2022
Name of the respondent: K.Kanaka Raju
Age: 60
Sex: MALE
Occupation
[] Government [] Private [ ] Unemployed [Labour] Others

49
Phone: -
Email (if any): -
Housing typology
YES NO
A) Tap water
b) Well water
c) Pond water
c) bad government
Encroachment [ NO ]
Congestion [ NO ]
Traffic [ NO ]
Drainage [ YES ]
Pollution [ YES ]

50
Hous
e No.
3-123 Habitat/War
d
Ramasempet
a
Panchayat/Municipa
l
Rangampet
a
Post
Office
Ramasempet
a
S.no Name of the
person
Gender
M/F
(per
year)
1. Pilli Raju M 55 - Farmer 45000
2. Pilli Pulla
Rao
M 32 Degree Job 60000
3. Pilli Rani F 45 -

51
(i) Caste: BC (ii) Sub-Caste: Kshatriya (iii) Religion: Hindu
78 Livestock resources: Buffaloes
Place: Ramesampeta
Date:08/09/2022
Name of the respondent: P. Pulla Rao
Age: 32
Sex: MALE
Educational qualification: Degree
Occupation
[Job] Government [] Private [ ] Unemployed [] Others
Phone: -
Email (if any): -
Housing typology
YES NO
A) Tap water
b) Well water
c) Pond water

52
c) bad government
Encroachment [ NO ]
Congestion [ NO ]
Traffic [ NO ]
Drainage [ YES ]
Pollution [ YES ]

53
House
No.
5-176 Habitat/Ward Peddapuram Panchayat/Municipal Peddapuram
Post
Office
PDP Mandal PDP District KAKINADA
S.no Name of the
person
Gender
M/F
(per
year)
1. V.Subbharao M 45 10th Farmer 40000
2. V.Devi F 40 12th House Wife 8000
3. V.Chubbu F 19 B.tech - -
4. V.Satya F 17 Bsc.BZC - -
79 Type of House: Pucca house
82 Availability of Agricultural land: Yes
83 Extent of Agricultural land: 1 Acre
84 Livestock resources: Water Motor, Cows
Place: Peddapuram
Date:08/09/2022
Name of the respondent: V.Subbarao
Age: 45
Sex: MALE
Educational qualification: 10th
Occupation
[] Government [ ] Private [ ] Unemployed [Farmer] Others

54
Address: near Lalitha theatre, Peddapuram, Kakinada
Phone: -
Email (if any): -
Housing typology
13.Area of the plot (Sq ft) 1acre
YES NO
A) Tap water
b) Well water
c) Pond water
17.Where do you get the water for irrigation purpose? [c]
18. what are your thoughts about water scarcity? [c]
c) bad government
19) What was the cause of Water Pollution? [Poor Drainage]
A. [BY DECREASING THE INDUSTRIES]
A. BE HEALTHY
Encroachment [ NO ]
Congestion [ NO ]
Traffic [ NO ]
Drainage [ YES ]
Pollution [ YES ]

56
THIS CHART SHOWS THE AVG NO OF PEOPLE USING THE VARIOUS TYPES OF
WATER RESOURCES FROM THE DECADES IN PEDDAPURAM MANDAL FOR
DRINKING AND IRRIGATION PURPOSES.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Tap Water Users Traditional Method Users Pond water users Mineral Water Users
Chart Title
In 1800s In 1900s In 2000s

57
Solution of the problem
1. Check water logging
It is one of the major problems in water management. The concept of plant available water
capacity enables one to avoid application of excess water which further helps to minimize water-
logging along with salinity and alkalinity. Frequent irrigations maintain high soil moisture regime
but it depends on the method adopted for irrigation.
2. Drainage
To avoid water logging condition and salt accumulation, the field should be provided with a
proper drainage system. The drainage provides suitable environment to the development of plant
root system and helps in optimizing crop production.
3. Distillation of tanks
Siltation of tanks and reservoirs both traditional and modem, has added to the gravity of
problem of surface water management. It reduces the storage capacity of the reservoir or tanks and
increases in the volume and velocity of floods. Distillation may be difficult for the big reservoirs but
this can be easily practiced in tanks, ponds, ditches etc.
4. Ground water management
Management of surface water and ground water are equally important in water harvesting
and recycling. In areas that greatly depend on ground water for their irrigation requirement, should
be ensured that crops are provided with water during the critical period of their growth. For this
exploitation of ground water should be managed in a balanced manner.
Total amount of precipitation received is constant, and its economical use is the only way to
increase production. At present, 29% of the total precipitation is lost through surface run-off and
53% through infiltration. For better management of ground water, the aim is to increase from 53%
of the total precipitation moving into the soil to 100 per cent. This will recharge to ground water.
Ground water availability gets considerably reduced due to increased exploitation and poor
recharge conditions. Therefore, proper water balance between availability, recharge and exploitation
should be maintained. For this, a proper study and planning is very necessary"
5. Watershed management
Watershed is the geographical area from which the entire surface run-off originating due to
the rainfall coverage flows through the existing drainage system towards a common outlet Let us say,
it is a small catchment area in which the excess water of that region resulting from run-off is
conserved either by check darns or by gully plugs or through percolation ponds.
An important planning input is watershed management is to conduct the ground water study.
This study is undertaken to assess the ground water status, soil types and water stored at various
depths. With this information it will be possible to plan properly the optimum utilization of the
available water.

58
Conclusion
The above discussion underlines the fact that in the face of anticipated population growth and
technological advancement, the country's utilizable water resources are limited and there is no ground for
complacency in the matter. There is utmost need for laying maximum emphasis on conservation and most
efficient utilization of the available water resources. Technological and management capabilities will have
to be upgraded for this purpose.

59
References
www.indiawaterportal.com
www.wbic.gov.in
www.cwc.gov.in
www.inseda.org

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